1792 and 1793 United States House of Representatives elections

1792 and 1793 United States House of Representatives elections
	August 27, 1792 – September 6, 1793
	August 27, 1792 – September 6, 1793
All 105 seats in the U.S House of Representatives; 53 seats needed for a majority
	Results: Pro-Administration (F) majority; Anti-Administration (DR) majority; Even split
Speaker before election; Jonathan Trumbull; Pro-Administration	Elected Speaker ; Frederick Muhlenberg; Anti-Administration

Elections to the United States House of Representatives for the 3rd Congress were held in 1792 and 1793, coinciding with the re-election of George Washington as President. While Washington ran for president as an independent, his followers (more specifically, the supporters of Alexander Hamilton) formed the nation's first organized political party, the Federalist Party, whose members and sympathizers are identified as pro-Administration on this page. In response, followers of Thomas Jefferson and James Madison created the opposition Democratic-Republican Party, who are identified as anti-Administration on this page. The Federalists promoted urbanization, industrialization, mercantilism, centralized government, and a broad interpretation of the United States Constitution. In contrast, Democratic-Republicans supported the ideal of an agrarian republic made up of self-sufficient farmers and small, localized governments with limited power.

Despite nearly unanimous support for Washington as a presidential candidate, Jeffersonian ideas edged out Hamiltonian principles at the ballot box for congressional candidates, with the Democratic-Republicans taking 24 seats more than they had prior to the organization of their political movement. Most of the increase was due to the addition of new seats in Western regions as a result of the United States census of 1790. Dominated by agrarian culture, these Western territories offered strong support to Democratic-Republican congressional candidates. As a result, they secured a thin majority in the legislature.

Election summaries

In this period, each state fixed its own date for a congressional general election, as early as August 1792 (in New Hampshire and Rhode Island) and as late as September 1793 (in Kentucky). In some states, the congressional delegation was not elected until after the legal start of the Congress (on the 4th day of March in the odd-numbered year), but as the first session of Congress typically began in November or December, the elections took place before Congress actually met. The 3rd Congress first met on December 2, 1793.

These were the first elections held after reapportionment following the first census. Thirty-six new seats were added,[2] with 1 state losing 1 seat, 3 states having no change, and the remaining 11 states gaining between 1 and 9 seats. This was the first apportionment based on actual census data, the apportionment for the 1st and 2nd Congresses being set by the Constitution using estimated populations.

↓
54	51
Anti-Administration	Pro-Administration

State	Type	↑ Date	Total seats		Anti- Administration		Pro-Administration
State	Type	↑ Date	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change
General elections
New Hampshire	At-large	August 27, 1792	4	1	1	1	3
Rhode Island	At-large	August 28, 1792	2	1	0	1	2
Connecticut	At-large	September 17, 1792	7	2	0		7	2
Georgia	At-large	October 1, 1792	2	1	2	1	0
Maryland	Districts	October 1, 1792	8	2	4	1	4	1
Delaware	At-large	October 2, 1792	1		1	1	0	1
New Jersey	At-large	October 9, 1792	5	1	0		5	1
Pennsylvania	At-large	October 9, 1792	13	5	8	4	5	1
Massachusetts	Mixed	November 2, 1792[lower-alpha 1]	14	6	3	2	11	4
New York	Districts	January 2, 1793	10	4	3	1	7	3
Vermont	Districts	January 7, 1793[lower-alpha 2]	2		2		0
South Carolina	Districts	February 5, 1793	6	1	5	3	1	2
North Carolina	Districts	February 15, 1793	10	5	9	6	1	1
Late elections (after the March 4, 1793 beginning of the 3rd Congress)
Virginia	Districts	March 18, 1793	19	9	15	7	4	2
Kentucky	Districts	September 6, 1793	2		2		0
Total			105	36	54 51.4%	24	51 48.6%	12

House seats

Anti-Administration			51.43%
Pro-Administration			48.57%

House composition

End of the 2nd Congress

With new seats, due to reapportionment, outlined.



A	A	A	A	A	A
A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A
A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A
A	A	A	A	A	A	V	P	P	P
Majority→									P
P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
P	P	P	P	P	P

Result of the elections

A	A
A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A
A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A
A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A
A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A
A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A
Majority→									A
P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	A	A
P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
P	P

Key:

A	= Anti-Administration
P	= Pro-Administration
V	= Vacant

Special elections

There were special elections in 1792 and 1793 during the 2nd United States Congress and 3rd United States Congress.

Elections are sorted here by state then district.

2nd Congress

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Kentucky 1 "Southern District"	Kentucky admitted June 1, 1792.			New member elected September 7, 1792. Anti-Administration gain. Winner seated November 9, 1792.[3] Winner was later re-elected to the next term, see below.	Christopher Greenup (Anti-Administration)[lower-alpha 3] Robert Brackenridge
Kentucky 2 "Northern District"	Kentucky admitted June 1, 1792.			New member elected September 7, 1792. Anti-Administration gain. Winner seated November 8, 1792.[3] Winner was later re-elected to the next term, see below.	Alexander D. Orr (Anti-Administration)[lower-alpha 3] Hubbard Taylor
Georgia 1	Anthony Wayne	Anti-Administration	1791	Incumbent disqualified March 21, 1792. New member elected July 9, 1792. Anti-Administration hold. Winner later lost re-election to the next term, see below.	Y John Milledge (Anti-Administration) 55.2% Matthew MacAllister (Pro-Administration) 44.8% John Glen 0.2%[4]
Maryland 2	Joshua Seney	Anti-Administration	1789	Incumbent resigned December 6, 1792 to become Chief Justice of Maryland's 3rd Judicial District. New member elected January 7–10, 1793. Pro-Administration gain. Winner was already elected to the next term, see below.	Y William Hindman (Pro-Administration) 63.2% Thomas Whittington 36.8%[5]

3rd Congress

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Connecticut at-large	Jonathan Sturges	Pro-Administration	1788	Incumbent resigned to become Associate Justice of the Connecticut Supreme Court. New member elected April 8, 1793.[lower-alpha 4] Pro-Administration hold.	Y Uriah Tracy (Pro-Administration) 49.8% Zephaniah Swift (Pro-Administration) 18.5% Asher Miller[lower-alpha 5] 16.1% Jonathan Ingersoll (Pro-Administration) 9.9% Tapping Reeve[lower-alpha 5] 5.7%
Connecticut at-large	Benjamin Huntington	Pro-Administration	1788	Representative-elect resigned. New member elected September 16, 1793. Pro-Administration hold.	Y Jonathan Ingersoll (Pro-Administration) [data unknown/missing]
Connecticut at-large	Jonathan Ingersoll	Pro-Administration	1793 (Special)	Representative-elect Ingersoll declined the seat and Representative-elect Mitchell resigned to become U.S. Senator. Two new members elected on a general ticket November 11, 1793. Two Pro-Administration holds.	Y Joshua Coit (Pro-Administration) 35.7% Y Zephaniah Swift (Pro-Administration) 24.2% James Davenport (Pro-Administration) 17.2% Roger Griswold (Pro-Administration) 12.6% Chauncey Goodrich (Pro-Administration) 5.1% Nathaniel Smith (Pro-Administration) 3.1% Samuel W. Dana (Pro-Administration) 2.1%
Connecticut at-large	Stephen M. Mitchell	Pro-Administration	1792

Connecticut

Connecticut gained two seats in reapportionment following the 1790 census.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Connecticut at-large 7 seats on a general ticket	James Hillhouse	Pro-Administration	1790	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Jonathan Trumbull, Jr. (Pro-Admin) 14.1% Y James Hillhouse (Pro-Admin) 13.0% Y Jonathan Sturges (Pro-Admin) 11.5% Y Benjamin Huntington (Pro-Admin) 10.6% Y Jeremiah Wadsworth (Pro-Admin) 10.4% Y Amasa Learned (Pro-Admin) 9.5% Y Stephen Mix Mitchell (Pro-Admin) 7.8% Uriah Tracy (Pro-Admin) 6.3% Jonathan Ingersoll 5.4% Asher Miller 4.3% Zephaniah Swift (Pro-Admin) 4.3% Tapping Reeve 3.0%
	Amasa Learned	Pro-Administration	1791 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.
	Jonathan Sturges	Pro-Administration	1788	Incumbent re-elected.
	Jonathan Trumbull, Jr.	Pro-Administration	1788	Incumbent re-elected.
	Jeremiah Wadsworth	Pro-Administration	1788	Incumbent re-elected.
	None (Seat created)			New seat. New member elected. Pro-Administration gain.
	None (Seat created)			New seat. New member elected. Pro-Administration gain.

Three special elections followed the 1792 elections in Connecticut after Representatives-elect Sturges and Huntington resigned before the start of Congress and Mitchell was elected to the Senate.

Delaware

Delaware's apportionment did not change following the 1790 census. As in the 1st and 2nd Congresses, each voter cast votes for two separate candidates, at least one of whom had to be from a different county as the voter.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Delaware at-large	John M. Vining	Pro-Administration	1789	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Anti-Administration hold. Election was later challenged and overturned.[1]	Y John Patten (Anti-Admin) 38.8% Henry Latimer (Pro-Admin) 38.3% Francis Many 11.7% Edward Roche 7.9% Andrew Barrett 3.3%

Georgia

Following the 1790 census, Georgia's apportionment was decreased from 3 seats to 2 (the only state whose representation decreased after the census). Georgia switched from separate districts to at-large seats.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Georgia at-large 2 seats on a general ticket	John Milledge Redistricted from the 1st district	Anti-Administration	1792 (special)	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Anti-Administration hold.	Y Abraham Baldwin (Anti-Admin) 44.5% Y Thomas P. Carnes (Anti-Admin) 29.5% George Mathews 10.8% John Milledge (Anti-Admin) 8.1% Scattering 7.0% Francis Willis (Anti-Admin) 0.3%
	Abraham Baldwin Redistricted from the 2nd district	Anti-Administration	1789	Incumbent re-elected.
	Francis Willis Redistricted from the 3rd district	Anti-Administration	1791	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Anti-Administration loss

Kentucky

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Kentucky 1 "Southern District"	Christopher Greenup	Anti-Administration	1792 (New state)	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Christopher Greenup[lower-alpha 3] (Anti-Admin)
Kentucky 2 "Northern district"	Alexander D. Orr	Anti-Administration	1792 (New state)	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Alexander D. Orr[lower-alpha 3] (Anti-Admin)

Maryland

Maryland increased from 6 to 8 representatives after the 1790 census. The previous mixed district/at-large system was replaced with a conventional district system.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Maryland 1	Philip Key	Pro-Administration	1790	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Pro-Administration hold.	Y George Dent (Pro-Admin) 44.7% John Parnham (Pro-Admin) 29.8% Philip Key (Pro-Admin) 25.5%
Maryland 2	John Francis Mercer Redistricted from the 3rd district	Anti-Administration	1791 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	Y John Francis Mercer (Anti-Admin) 57.0% John Thomas (Pro-Admin) 42.1% Richard A. Contee 0.9%
Maryland 3	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Pro-Administration gain.	Y Uriah Forrest (Pro-Admin) 71.8% William Dorsey (Anti-Admin) 28.1% Others 0.1%
Maryland 4	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Anti-Administration gain.	Y Thomas Sprigg (Anti-Admin) 100%
Maryland 5	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Anti-Administration gain.	Y Samuel Smith (Anti-Admin) 61.1% Charles Ridgely (Anti-Admin) 38.9%
Maryland 6	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Anti-Administration gain.	Y Gabriel Christie (Anti-Admin) 63.6% William Matthews (Pro-Admin) 36.4%
Maryland 7	Joshua Seney Redistricted from the 2nd district	Anti-Administration	1789	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Pro-Administration gain. Incumbent then resigned December 6, 1792 to become Chief Justice of Maryland's 3rd Judicial District. Winner was then also elected to finish the term, see above.	Y William Hindman (Pro-Admin) 51.7% James Tilghman (Anti-Admin) 48.3%[7]
Maryland 8	William V. Murray Redistricted from the 5th district	Pro-Administration	1790	Incumbent re-elected.	Y William V. Murray (Pro-Admin) 93.8% Littleton Dennis (Pro-Admin) 5.4% Others 0.9%

Massachusetts

Following the 1790 Census, Massachusetts's representation increased from eight to fourteen Representatives and was redistricted into four plural districts, plus a single at-large district. The 4th district covered the District of Maine (the modern-day State of Maine). The plural districts were concurrent tickets rather than a single general ticket, though the 1st and Massachusetts 2s appear to have also had a general ticket alongside the more specific tickets.

As before, a majority was required for election, in those districts where a majority was not achieved, additional ballots were required.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Massachusetts 1 (4 seats) Seat A: At-large	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Anti-Administration gain.	First ballot (November 2, 1792): Jonathan Jones 39.8% William Heath 31.0% James Bowdoin 23.2% Theophilus Parsons 6.0% Second ballot (January 14, 1793): Jonathan Jones 29.3% Samuel Holten (Anti-Admin) 25.6% James Bowdoin 17.1% Samuel Sewall (Pro-Admin) 13.1% William Heath 8.3% Joseph Bradley Varnum (Anti-Admin) 3.8% Elbridge Gerry (Anti-Admin) 2.8% Third ballot (April 1, 1793): Y Samuel Holten (Anti-Admin) 69.9% Benjamin Austin 30.1%
Massachusetts 1 (4 seats) Seat B: Essex County	Benjamin Goodhue Redistricted from the 2nd district	Pro-Administration	1789	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Benjamin Goodhue (Pro-Admin) 100%
Massachusetts 1 (4 seats) Seat C: Middlesex County	Elbridge Gerry Redistricted from the 3rd district	Anti-Administration	1789	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Pro-Administration gain.	Y Samuel Dexter (Pro-Admin) 61.4% Joseph Bradley Varnum (Anti-Admin) 26.2% Elbridge Gerry (Anti-Admin) 12.4%
Massachusetts 1 (4 seats) Seat D: Suffolk County	Fisher Ames	Pro-Administration	1788	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Fisher Ames (Pro-Admin) 62.4% Benjamin Austin 37.6%
Massachusetts 2 (4 seats) Seat A: At-large	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Pro-Administration gain.	First ballot (November 2, 1792): Samuel Lyman (Pro-Admin) 41.3% Theodore Sedgwick (Pro-Admin) 37.9% William Lyman (Anti-Admin) 6.7% Samuel Moorhaus 6.2% Simson Strong 4.% Dwight Foster (Pro-Admin) 3.5% Second ballot (January 14, 1793): Samuel Lyman (Pro-Admin) 35.4% Dwight Foster (Pro-Admin) 25.1% Thomson J. Skinner (Anti-Admin) 19.6% William Lyman (Anti-Admin) 12.1% Jonathan Grout (Anti-Admin) 4.0% William Shepard (Pro-Admin) 3.8% Third ballot (April 1, 1793): Y Dwight Foster (Pro-Admin) 55.3% Samuel Lyman (Pro-Admin) 44.7%
Massachusetts 2 (4 seats) Seat B: Berkshire County	Theodore Sedgwick Redistricted from the 4th district	Pro-Administration	1789	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Theodore Sedgwick (Pro-Admin) 63.8% Thomson J. Skinner (Anti-Admin) 29.1% John Bacon (Anti-Admin) 7.1%
Massachusetts 2 (4 seats) Seat C: Hampshire County	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Anti-Administration gain.	First ballot (November 2, 1792): Samuel Lyman (Pro-Admin) 37.4% William Lyman (Anti-Admin) 32.3% Thomas Dwight (Pro-Admin) 16.8% Samuel Hinshaur 6.7% John Williams 3.6% Dwight Foster (Pro-Admin) 3.1% Second ballot (January 14, 1793): William Lyman (Anti-Admin) 38.0% Samuel Lyman (Pro-Admin) 31.3% William Shepard (Pro-Admin) 18.0% Thomas Dwight (Pro-Admin) 12.7% Third ballot (April 1, 1793): Y William Lyman (Anti-Admin) 53.1% Samuel Lyman (Pro-Admin) 46.9%
Massachusetts 2 (4 seats) Seat D: Worcester County	Artemas Ward Redistricted from the 7th district	Pro-Administration	1790	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Artemas Ward (Pro-Admin) 59.5% Jonathan Grout (Anti-Admin) 36.8% Dwight Foster (Pro-Admin) 3.8%
Massachusetts 3 (2 seats) Seat A: Barnstable, Dukes, & Nantucket Counties	George Leonard Redistricted from the 6th district	Pro-Administration	1788	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Pro-Administration hold.	Y Peleg Coffin Jr. (Pro-Admin) 52.6% George Leonard (Pro-Admin) 34.3% Phanuel Bishop (Anti-Admin) 13.1%
Massachusetts 3 (2 seats) Seat B: Bristol & Plymouth Counties	Shearjashub Bourne Redistricted from the 5th district	Pro-Administration	1790	Incumbent re-elected.	First ballot (November 2, 1792): John Davis 49.2% Shearjashub Bourne (Pro-Admin) 26.1% James Warren 24.8% Second ballot (January 14, 1793): Y Shearjashub Bourne (Pro-Admin) 53.0% John Davis 40.6% James Warren 6.4%
Massachusetts 4 (3 seats) District of Maine Seat A: Cumberland County	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Pro-Administration gain.	First ballot (November 2, 1792): Daniel Davis 40.0% Peleg Wadsworth (Pro-Admin) 38.6% Robert Southgate 11.7% Josiah Thacker 9.8% Second ballot (January 14, 1793): Peleg Wadsworth (Pro-Admin) 48.4% Daniel Davis 42.2% Robert Southgate 9.4% Third ballot (April 1, 1793): Y Peleg Wadsworth (Pro-Admin) 58.0% Daniel Davis 42.0%
Massachusetts 4 (3 seats) District of Maine Seat B: Lincoln, Hancock, & Washington Counties	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Anti-Administration gain.	First ballot (November 2, 1792): William Lithgow 49.98% Henry Dearborn (Anti-Admin) 32.2% Daniel Coney 11.8% Alan Campbell 6.0% Second ballot (January 14, 1793): Y Henry Dearborn (Anti-Admin) 60.9% William Lithgow 39.1%
Massachusetts 4 (3 seats) District of Maine Seat C: York County	George Thatcher Redistricted from the 8th district	Pro-Administration	1788	Incumbent re-elected.	Y George Thatcher (Pro-Admin) 57.7% Nathaniel Wells 35.4% Tristan Jordan 6.9%
Massachusetts at-large	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Pro-Administration gain.	Y David Cobb (Pro-Admin) 52.6% Charles Jarvis 9.6% William Heath 6.9% Theodore Sedgwick (Pro-Admin) 4.9% Elbridge Gerry (Anti-Admin) 2.1% Jonathan Jones 1.9% Fisher Ames (Pro-Admin) 1.7% James Sullivan (Anti-Admin) 1.5% Samuel Horton 1.3% Scattering 17.4%

New Hampshire

New Hampshire increased from 3 seats to 4 seats after the 1790 census.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
New Hampshire at-large 4 seats on a general ticket	Jeremiah Smith	Pro-Administration	1790	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Jeremiah Smith (Pro-Admin) 24.1% Y Nicholas Gilman (Pro-Admin) 16.3% Y John Samuel Sherburne (Anti-Admin) 14.2% Y Paine Wingate (Pro-Admin) 12.2% Abiel Foster (Pro-Admin) 8.9% James Sheafe (Pro-Admin) 8.2% Nathaniel Peabody 7.7% Timothy Walker 4.0% William Page 2.3% Joshua Atherton 2.3%
	Samuel Livermore	Pro-Administration	1789	Retired Anti-Administration gain.
	Nicholas Gilman	Pro-Administration	1789	Incumbent re-elected.
	None (Seat created)			New seat. New member elected. Pro-Administration gain.

New Jersey

Following the 1790 census, New Jersey's apportionment increased from 4 to 5 seats.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates[lower-alpha 6]
New Jersey at-large 5 seats on a general ticket	Elias Boudinot	Pro-Administration	1789	Incumbent re-elected.	Y John Beatty (Pro-Admin) 16.4% Y Jonathan Dayton (Pro-Admin) 13.4% Y Abraham Clark (Pro-Admin) 11.8% Y Elias Boudinot (Pro-Admin) 10.8% Y Lambert Cadwalader (Pro-Admin) 10.1% Thomas Sinnickson (Pro-Admin) 48.7% Aaron Kitchell (Pro-Admin) 8.6% James Linn 5.2% Jonathan Elmer (Pro-Admin) 4.4% Samuel Dick 4.1% Thomas Henderson 2.9%
	Abraham Clark	Pro-Administration	1791	Incumbent re-elected.
	Jonathan Dayton	Pro-Administration	1791	Incumbent re-elected.
	Aaron Kitchell	Pro-Administration	1791	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Pro-Administration hold.
	None (Seat created)			New seat. New member elected. Pro-Administration gain.

New York

Due to re-apportionment following the 1790 census, New York's congressional delegation grew from 6 to 10. Three incumbents ran for re-election, two of whom won, and the other three incumbents retired. With the increase following re-apportionment, this left seven open seats.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
New York 1	Thomas Tredwell	Anti-Administration	1791 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Thomas Tredwell (Anti-Admin) 50.1% Joshua Sands (Pro-Admin) 26.6% Harry Peters (Pro-Admin) 23.3%
New York 2	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Pro-Administration gain.	Y John Watts (Pro-Admin) 72.6% William S. Livingston (Anti-Admin) 27.3%
New York 3	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Anti-Administration gain.	Y Philip Van Cortlandt (Anti-Admin) 55.5% Richard Hatfield (Pro-Admin) 44.5%
New York 4	Cornelius C. Schoonmaker	Anti-Administration	1790	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Pro-Administration gain.	Y Peter Van Gaasbeck (Pro-Admin) 47.3% John Hathorn (Anti-Admin) 46.8% John Carpenter (Anti-Admin) 2.3% Cornelius C. Schoonmaker (Anti-Admin) 1.7% William Thompson (Anti-Admin) 1.3% Jesse Woodhull (Anti-Admin) 0.6%
New York 5	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Anti-Administration gain.	Y Theodorus Bailey (Anti-Admin) 53.6% James Kent (Pro-Admin) 46.4%
New York 6	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Pro-Administration gain.	Y Ezekiel Gilbert (Pro-Admin) 35.1% Peter R. Livingston (Anti-Admin) 34.1% Peter Van Ness (Anti-Admin) 30.8%
New York 7	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Pro-Administration gain.	Y John Evert Van Alen (Pro-Admin) 56.9% Henry K. Van Rensselaer (Anti-Admin) 42.5% Thomas Sickles (Anti-Admin) 0.6%
New York 8	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Pro-Administration gain.	Y Henry Glen (Pro-Admin) 63.8% Jeremiah Van Rensselaer (Anti-Admin) 36.2%
New York 9	James Gordon Redistricted from the 6th district	Pro-Administration	1790	Incumbent re-elected.	Y James Gordon (Pro-Admin) 46.0% John Williams (Anti-Admin) 41.2% John M. Thompson (Anti-Admin) 12.8%
New York 10	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Pro-Administration gain.	Y Silas Talbot (Pro-Admin) 34.1% William Cooper (Pro-Admin) 26.6% John Winn (Anti-Admin) 25.7% Andrew Fink (Anti-Admin) 11.3% Josiah Crane (Anti-Admin) 2.4%

North Carolina

Following the 1790 census, North Carolina's apportionment increased from 5 to 10 seats.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
North Carolina 1	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Anti-Administration gain.	Y Joseph McDowell (Anti-Admin)[lower-alpha 3]
North Carolina 2	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Anti-Administration gain.	Y Matthew Locke (Anti-Admin)[lower-alpha 3] Alexander[lower-alpha 7](Pro-Admin) Montford Stokes
North Carolina 3	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Anti-Administration gain.	Y Joseph Winston (Anti-Admin)[lower-alpha 3] Jesse Franklin (Anti-Admin) John Williams (Anti-Admin) James Martin Clarke[lower-alpha 7]
North Carolina 4	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Anti-Administration gain.	Y Alexander Mebane (Anti-Admin) 44.8% Stephen Moore (Pro-Admin) 39.0% Ambrose Ramsay 16.2%
North Carolina 5	Nathaniel Macon Redistricted from the 2nd district	Anti-Administration	1791	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Nathaniel Macon (Anti-Admin)[lower-alpha 3]
North Carolina 6	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Anti-Administration gain.	Y James Gillespie (Anti-Admin)[lower-alpha 3] William Henry Hill (Pro-Admin) Benjamin Smith
North Carolina 7	William B. Grove Redistricted from the 5th district	Pro-Administration	1791	Incumbent re-elected.	Y William B. Grove (Pro-Admin) 100%[lower-alpha 3]
North Carolina 8	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Anti-Administration gain.	Y William J. Dawson (Anti-Admin) 63.8% Stephen Cabarrus (Anti-Admin) 36.1% William Cumming 0.2%
North Carolina 9	John B. Ashe Redistricted from the 3rd district	Anti-Administration	1790	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Anti-Administration hold.	Y Thomas Blount (Anti-Admin)[lower-alpha 3] John B. Ashe (Anti-Admin) John Leigh (Pro-Admin)
North Carolina 10	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Anti-Administration gain.	Y Benjamin Williams (Anti-Admin)[lower-alpha 3] William Maclure (Anti-Admin)

Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania switched from using districts to electing its representatives on an at-large basis for the 3rd Congress, just as it had done for the 1st Congress. This would be the last time that Pennsylvania would elect all of its Representatives at-large. Due to re-apportionment following the 1790 census, Pennsylvania's delegation increased from 8 representatives to 13.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates[8]
Pennsylvania at-large 13 seats on a general ticket	Thomas Fitzsimons Redistricted from the 1st district	Pro-Administration	1788	Incumbent re-elected.	Y William Findley (Anti-Admin) 8.21% Y Frederick Muhlenberg (Anti-Admin) 8.01% Y Daniel Hiester (Anti-Admin) 7.96% Y William Irvine (Anti-Admin) 7.67% Y John W. Kittera (Pro-Admin) 7.39% Y Thomas Hartley (Pro-Admin) 7.06% Y Peter Muhlenberg (Anti-Admin) 5.40% Y Thomas Fitzsimons (Pro-Admin) 4.46% Y Andrew Gregg (Anti-Admin) 4.30% Y James Armstrong (Pro-Admin) 4.29% Y William Montgomery (Anti-Admin) 4.22% Y John Smilie (Anti-Admin) 4.15% Y Thomas Scott (Pro-Admin) 4.13% Samuel Sitgreaves (Pro-Admin) 3.86% Jonathan D. Sergeant (Anti-Admin) 3.74% John Barclay (Anti-Admin) 3.70% Charles Thomson (Anti-Admin) 3.68% William Bingham (Pro-Admin) 3.59% Henry Wynkoop (Pro-Admin) 3.55% Israel Jacobs (Pro-Admin) 0.65%
	Frederick Muhlenberg Redistricted from the 2nd district	Anti-Administration	1788	Incumbent re-elected.
	Israel Jacobs Redistricted from the 3rd district	Pro-Administration	1791	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Pro-Administration hold.
	Daniel Hiester Redistricted from the 4th district	Anti-Administration	1788	Incumbent re-elected.
	John W. Kittera Redistricted from the 5th district	Pro-Administration	1791	Incumbent re-elected.
	Andrew Gregg Redistricted from the 6th district	Anti-Administration	1791	Incumbent re-elected.
	Thomas Hartley Redistricted from the 7th district	Pro-Administration	1788	Incumbent re-elected.
	William Findley Redistricted from the 8th district	Anti-Administration	1791	Incumbent re-elected.
	None (Seat created)			New seat. New member elected. Pro-Administration gain.
	None (Seat created)			New seat. New member elected. Anti-Administration gain.
	None (Seat created)			New seat. New member elected. Anti-Administration gain.
	None (Seat created)			New seat. New member elected. Anti-Administration gain.
	None (Seat created)			New seat. New member elected. Anti-Administration gain.

Rhode Island

Rhode Island gained a second representative from the results of the 1790 census. Rhode Island did not divide itself into districts, but elected two at-large representatives.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Rhode Island at-large 2 seats elected at-large on a general ticket	Benjamin Bourne	Pro-Administration	1790	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Benjamin Bourne (Pro-Admin) 100% Y Francis Malbone (Pro-Admin)[lower-alpha 8] Paul Mumford[9]
	None (Seat created)			New seat. New member elected. Pro-Administration gain.

South Carolina

South Carolina gained one representative as a result of the 1790 census, increasing from 5 to 6.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
South Carolina 1	William L. Smith	Pro-Administration	1788	Incumbent re-elected.	Y William L. Smith (Pro-Admin) 61.5% Thomas Tudor Tucker (Anti-Admin) 22.2% Jacob Read (Pro-Admin) 16.4%
South Carolina 1	Thomas Tudor Tucker Redistricted from the 5th district	Anti-Administration	1788	Incumbent lost re-election. Anti-Administration loss.
South Carolina 2	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Anti-Administration gain.	Y John Hunter (Anti-Admin)[lower-alpha 3]
South Carolina 3	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Anti-Administration gain.	Y Lemuel Benton (Anti-Admin)[lower-alpha 3]
South Carolina 4	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Anti-Administration gain.	Y Richard Winn (Anti-Admin)[lower-alpha 3]
South Carolina 5	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Anti-Administration gain.	Y Alexander Gillon (Anti-Admin)[lower-alpha 3]
South Carolina 6	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Anti-Administration gain.	Y Andrew Pickens (Anti-Admin)[lower-alpha 3]

Vermont

Vermont had no apportionment in the House of Representatives before 1790 census because it was not admitted to the Union until 1791. Vermont's election laws at the time required a majority to win election to the House of Representatives. If no candidate won a majority, a runoff election was held, which happened in the 1st district.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates[lower-alpha 6]
Vermont 1 "Western district"	Israel Smith	Anti-Administration	1791	Incumbent re-elected.	First ballot: January 7, 1793 Israel Smith (Anti-Admin) 44.2% Matthew Lyon (Anti-Admin) 33.8% Isaac Tichenor (Pro-Admin) 17.8% Samuel Hitchcock 4.2% Second ballot: March 20, 1793 Y Israel Smith (Anti-Admin) 51.0% Matthew Lyon (Anti-Admin) 44.0% Isaac Tichenor (Pro-Admin) 4.3% Samuel Hitchcock 0.6% Others[lower-alpha 9] 0.1%
Vermont 2 "Eastern district"	Nathaniel Niles	Anti-Administration	1791	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Nathaniel Niles (Anti-Admin) 60.3% Elijah Paine (Pro-Admin) 14.0% Stephen Jacob 7.7% Paul Brigham (Anti-Admin) 4.4% Samuel Cutler 3.9% Daniel Buck (Pro-Admin) 3.5% Isaac Tichenor (Pro-Admin) 2.2% Others 4.0%

Virginia

Virginia gained nine representatives from the 1790 census, and in addition, the old 2nd district was lost after its territory became the new State of Kentucky. There were, therefore, ten new districts created for the 3rd Congress.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Virginia 1	Alexander White	Pro-Administration	1789	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Anti-Administration gain.	Y Robert Rutherford (Anti-Admin) 56.6% John Smith (Anti-Admin) 25.8% Alexander White (Pro-Admin) 17.6%
Virginia 2	Andrew Moore Redistricted from the 3rd district	Anti-Administration	1789	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Andrew Moore (Anti-Admin)[lower-alpha 3]
Virginia 3	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Anti-Administration gain.	Y Joseph Neville (Anti-Admin)[lower-alpha 3] George Jackson (Anti-Admin) Jeremiah Jacobs William MacCleery
Virginia 4	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Anti-Administration gain. Results subsequently challenged but upheld.	Y Francis Preston (Anti-Admin) Abraham Trigg
Virginia 5	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Pro-Administration gain.	Y George Hancock (Pro-Admin) 60.5% Charles Clay 34.0% Calohill Minnis 5.5%
Virginia 6	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Anti-Administration gain.	Y Isaac Coles (Anti-Admin)[lower-alpha 3]
Virginia 7	Abraham B. Venable Redistricted from the 6th district	Anti-Administration	1790	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Abraham B. Venable (Anti-Admin)[lower-alpha 3] Joseph Wyatt Thomas Scott (Pro-Admin) Tarlton Woodson (Pro-Admin)
Virginia 8	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Anti-Administration gain.	Y Thomas Claiborne (Anti-Admin)[lower-alpha 3] Richard Kennon Jesse Brown J. Nicholson
Virginia 9	William B. Giles	Anti-Administration	1790	Incumbent re-elected.	Y William B. Giles (Anti-Admin)[lower-alpha 3] Robert Bolling
Virginia 10	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Anti-Administration gain.	Y Carter B. Harrison (Anti-Admin)[lower-alpha 3] John H. Briggs
Virginia 11	Josiah Parker Redistricted from the 8th district	Anti-Administration	1789	Incumbent re-elected. as Pro-Administration	Y Josiah Parker (Pro-Administration)[lower-alpha 10][lower-alpha 3] John Neirson
Virginia 12	John Page Redistricted from the 7th district	Anti-Administration	1789	Incumbent re-elected.	Y John Page (Anti-Admin)[lower-alpha 3]
Virginia 13	Samuel Griffin Redistricted from the 10th district	Anti-Administration	1789	Incumbent re-elected. as Pro-Administration	Y Samuel Griffin (Pro-Administration)[lower-alpha 10][lower-alpha 3]
Virginia 14	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Anti-Administration gain.	Y Francis Walker (Anti-Admin)[lower-alpha 3]
Virginia 15	James Madison, Jr. Redistricted from the 5th district	Anti-Administration	1789	Incumbent re-elected.	Y James Madison, Jr. (Anti-Admin)[lower-alpha 3]
Virginia 16	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Anti-Administration gain.	Y Anthony New (Anti-Admin)[lower-alpha 3] John Roane (Anti-Admin) Francis Corbin
Virginia 17	Richard Bland Lee Redistricted from the 4th district	Pro-Administration	1789	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Richard Bland Lee (Pro-Admin)[lower-alpha 3]
Virginia 18	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Anti-Administration gain.	Y John Nicholas (Anti-Admin)[lower-alpha 3] William Pickett
Virginia 19	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Anti-Administration gain.	Y John Heath (Anti-Admin)[lower-alpha 3] Walter Jones (Anti-Admin) Francis L. Lee

Notes

Massachusetts required a majority for election, which led to additional ballots on January 14, 1793 and April 1, 1793.
Vermont required a majority for election, which led to an additional ballot on March 20, 1793.
Source does not give numbers of votes or has incomplete data.
Date given for the start of the term, of the person elected at the special election.[6] In some cases this is clearly wrong as the date of the legal start of the Congress is given, even though the member was elected at a later date.
Party affiliation not given in source
Only candidates with at least 1% of the vote listed.
Source does not give full name.
Numbers of votes missing or incomplete in source.
Four individuals received 1 vote each.
Had been Anti-Administration in the previous election.

References

"Third Congress (membership roster)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 6, 2014. Retrieved February 1, 2015.
1 Stat. 253
"Second Congress (membership roster) – see footnotes 12 and 13" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 6, 2013. Retrieved March 8, 2013.
https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ga.uscongress.special.1792
https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:md.uscongress2.1793
See Congressional Biographical Directory.
https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:md.uscongress7.1792
Wilkes University Elections Statistics Project
https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/5m60qt50t

Bibliography

"A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787-1825". Tufts Digital Library, Tufts University. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
"Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.

External links

Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[3] Massachusetts required a majority for election, which led to additional ballots on January 14, 1793 and April 1, 1793.

[4] Vermont required a majority for election, which led to an additional ballot on March 20, 1793.

[nr-6] Source does not give numbers of votes or has incomplete data.

[+-10] Date given for the start of the term, of the person elected at the special election.[6] In some cases this is clearly wrong as the date of the legal start of the Congress is given, even though the member was elected at a later date.

[np-11] Party affiliation not given in source

[m1-13] Only candidates with at least 1% of the vote listed.

[incname-14] Source does not give full name.

[16] Numbers of votes missing or incomplete in source.

[18] Four individuals received 1 vote each.

[Changed-19] Had been Anti-Administration in the previous election.

[roster-1] "Third Congress (membership roster)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 6, 2014. Retrieved February 1, 2015.

[2] 1 Stat. 253

[House.gov-5] "Second Congress (membership roster) – see footnotes 12 and 13" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 6, 2013. Retrieved March 8, 2013.

[7] ttps://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ga.uscongress.special.1792

[8] ttps://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:md.uscongress2.1793

[9] See Congressional Biographical Directory.

[12] ttps://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:md.uscongress7.1792

[15] Wilkes University Elections Statistics Project

[17] ttps://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/5m60qt50t

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