1796 and 1797 United States House of Representatives elections
Elections to the United States House of Representatives for the 5th Congress took place in the various states took place between August 12, 1796 (in North Carolina), and October 15, 1797 (in Tennessee). The first session was convened on May 15, 1797, at the proclamation of the new President of the United States, John Adams. Since Kentucky and Tennessee had not yet voted, they were unrepresented until the second session.
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All 106 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives 54 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Results: Federalist majority Democratic-Republican majority Even split | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Gains for the Federalist Party provided the president with a reliable majority in support of his policies. Many of the Federalist pick-ups in Congress came from the former Middle Colonies (New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware). New England remained heavily Federalist, whereas the South and West favored Democratic-Republican candidates. Federalist trade and infrastructure policies found widespread approval in the Mid-Atlantic states during this era. With the growth of cities in Maryland, Pennsylvania, and New York, government intervention in the interest of industrialization and mercantilism became more attractive to voting citizens in these areas.
During this period, each state fixed its own date for a congressional general election. Elections to a Congress took place both in the even-numbered year before and in the odd-numbered year when the Congress convened. In some states the congressional delegation was not elected until after the legal start of the Congress (on the 4th day of March in the odd-numbered year).
Election summaries
During this period, each state fixed its own date for a congressional general election. Elections took place both in the even-numbered year before and in the odd-numbered year when a Congress convened. In some states, the congressional delegation was not elected until after the legal start of the Congress (on the 4th day of March in the odd-numbered year). The 1st session of the 5th Congress ran May 15 – July 10, 1797,[1] before the states of Kentucky and Tennessee had their elections, causing those states to be unrepresented in the 1st session.
| 57 | 49 |
| Federalist | Democratic-Republican |
| State | Type | ↑ Date |
Total seats |
Federalist | Democratic- Republican | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seats | Change | Seats | Change | ||||
| Regular elections | |||||||
| North Carolina | Districts | August 12, 1796 | 10 | 1 |  |
9 | |
| New Hampshire | At-large | August 29, 1796[lower-alpha 1] | 4 | 4 |  |
0 |  |
| Rhode Island | At-large | August 30, 1796 | 2 | 2 | |
0 | |
| Vermont | Districts | September 9, 1796[lower-alpha 2] | 2 | 1 | |
1 | |
| Connecticut | At-large | September 19, 1796 | 7 | 7 | |
0 | |
| Maryland | Districts | October 3, 1796 | 8 | 6 | |
2 | |
| Delaware | At-large | October 4, 1796 | 1 | 1 | |
0 | |
| Pennsylvania | Districts | October 11, 1796 | 13 | 6 | |
7 | |
| South Carolina | Districts | October 11, 1796 | 6 | 3 | |
3 | |
| Georgia | At-large | November 7, 1796 | 2 | 0 | |
2 | |
| Massachusetts | Districts | November 7, 1796[lower-alpha 3] | 14 | 11 | |
3 | |
| New York | Districts | December 15, 1796 | 10 | 6 | |
4 | |
| New Jersey | At-large | January 11, 1797 | 5 | 5 | |
0 | |
| Late elections (after the March 4, 1797 start of Congress) | |||||||
| Virginia | Districts | March 20, 1797 | 19 | 4 | |
15 | |
| Kentucky | Districts | September 2, 1797 | 2 | 0 | |
2 | |
| Tennessee | At-large | October 15, 1797 | 1 | 0 | |
1 | |
| Total | 106 | 57 53.8% |
|
49 46.2% |
| ||
Special elections
Elections are sorted by election date, then by district.
Fourth Congress
There were special and late elections to the 4th Congress in 1796.
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maryland 2 | Gabriel Duvall | Democratic-Republican | 1794 (Special) | Incumbent resigned March 28, 1796, having been elected judge of the Supreme Court of Maryland. New member elected April 18, 1796.[lower-alpha 4] Democratic-Republican hold. New member was seated May 5, 1796. New member was later elected to the next term, see below. |
√ Richard Sprigg, Jr. (Democratic-Republican) Unopposed[3] |
| Massachusetts 10 | Benjamin Goodhue | Federalist | 1789 | Incumbent resigned sometime in June 1796 to become U.S. Senator. New member elected September 12, 1796.[lower-alpha 4] Federalist hold. New member was seated December 7, 1796.[1] New member was later elected to the next term, see below. |
First ballot (August 1, 1796):[4] Samuel Sewall (Federalist) 31.9% Jonathan Ingersoll (Unknown) 22.5% John Morris (Unknown) 21.2% John Cabot (Unknown) 10.5% Samuel Holten (Federalist) 6.8% Elias H. Dooly (Unknown) 4.0% Scattering 3.1% Second ballot (September 12, 1796):[5] √ Samuel Sewall (Federalist) 61.7% Loammi Baldwin (Federalist) 38.3% |
| Connecticut at-large | James Hillhouse | Federalist | 1790 | Incumbent resigned July 1, 1796 to become U.S. Senator. New member elected September 19, 1796.[lower-alpha 4] Federalist hold. New member was seated December 5, 1796. On the same day however, new member lost election to the next term, see below. |
√ James Davenport (Federalist) [data unknown/missing] |
| Maryland 3 | Jeremiah Crabb | Federalist | 1794 | Incumbent resigned sometime in 1796. New member elected October 3, 1796.[lower-alpha 4] Federalist hold. New member was seated December 5, 1796. On the same ballot, new member elected to the next term, see below. |
√ William Craik (Federalist) 50.7% Benjamin Edwards (Federalist) 49.3%[6] |
| Pennsylvania 5 | Daniel Hiester | Democratic-Republican | 1788 | Incumbent resigned July 1, 1796. New member elected October 11, 1796.[lower-alpha 4] Federalist gain. New member was seated December 8, 1796. |
√ George Ege (Federalist) 56.8% Joseph Hiester (Democratic-Republican) 45.2%[7] |
| Tennessee at-large | None (District created) | New state admitted June 1, 1796. New member elected October 15, 1796.[lower-alpha 4] Democratic-Republican gain. New member was seated December 5, 1796.[lower-alpha 4] |
√ Andrew Jackson (Democratic-Republican) 98.9% James Rody 1.1%[8] | ||
| Rhode Island at-large | Benjamin Bourne | Federalist | 1790 (Late ratification) | Incumbent resigned in 1796 to become a U.S. district judge. New member elected November 15, 1796.[lower-alpha 4] Federalist hold. New member was seated December 19, 1796. New member was also elected to the next term, see below. |
√ Elisha Reynolds Potter (Federalist) 71.0% Peleg Arnold (Democratic-Republican) 29.0%[9] |
| Massachusetts 1 | Theodore Sedgwick | Federalist | 1789 | Incumbent resigned sometime in June 1796, having been elected U.S. Senator. New member elected November 21, 1796.[lower-alpha 4] Democratic-Republican gain. New member was seated January 27, 1797.[1] |
First ballot (September 5, 1796):[10] Thomson J. Skinner (Democratic-Republican) 48.0% Ephraim Williams (Federalist) 49.9% Scattering 2.1% Second ballot (November 21, 1796):[11] √ Thomson J. Skinner (Democratic-Republican) 62.7% Ephraim Williams (Federalist) 32.0% Scattering 5.3% |
| North Carolina 4 | Absalom Tatom | Democratic-Republican | 1795 | Incumbent resigned June 1, 1796. New member elected November 28, 1796. Federalist gain. New member seated December 13, 1796. New member did not run for the next term. |
√ William F. Strudwick (Federalist) 76.3% Richard Stanford (Democratic-Republican) 22.5% Scattering 1.2%[12] |
| Connecticut at-large | Uriah Tracy | Federalist | 1792 | Incumbent resigned October 13, 1796 to become U.S. Senator. New member elected December 5, 1796.[lower-alpha 4] Federalist hold. New member was seated January 3, 1797. New member had already been elected to the next term, see below. |
√ Samuel Dana (Federalist) [data unknown/missing] |
Fifth Congress
There were special and late elections to the 5th Congress in 1797.
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vermont 2 | Daniel Buck | Federalist | 1795 | Incumbent re-elected, but declined to serve. New member elected May 23, 1797.[lower-alpha 4] Federalist hold. |
√ Lewis R. Morris (Federalist) 56.9% Stephen Jacob (Federalist) 13.6% Nathaniel Niles (Democratic-Republican) | 11.2% Amasa Paine (Federalist) 6.6% Scattering 11.8%[13] |
| Massachusetts 11 | Theophilus Bradbury | Federalist | 1794–1795 | Incumbent resigned July 24, 1797. New member elected August 4, 1797.[lower-alpha 4] Federalist hold. New member was seated November 27, 1797. |
√ Bailey Bartlett (Federalist) 81.4% Scattering 18.6%[14] |
| New Hampshire at-large | Jeremiah Smith | Federalist | 1794 | Incumbent resigned July 26, 1797. New member elected August 28, 1797.[lower-alpha 4] Federalist hold. New member was seated December 15, 1797. |
First ballot (August 28, 1797): Peleg Sprague (Federalist) 43.3% Woodbury Langdon (Democratic-Republican) 22.5% Edward Livermore (Federalist) 21.3% Others 12.8%[15] Second ballot (October 30, 1797): √ Peleg Sprague (Federalist) 66.6% Woodbury Langdon (Democratic-Republican) 33.4%[16] |
| Rhode Island at-large | Elisha Potter | Federalist | 1796 (Special) | Incumbent resigned sometime in 1797. New member elected August 29, 1797.[lower-alpha 4] Federalist hold. New member was seated November 13, 1797. |
√ Thomas Tillinghast (Federalist)[lower-alpha 5] 78.3% James Burrill, Jr. (Federalist) 18.1% Scattering 3.6%[17] |
| South Carolina 1 | William L. Smith | Federalist | 1788 | Incumbent resigned July 10, 1797. New member elected September 4–5, 1797.[lower-alpha 4] Federalist hold. New member was seated November 23, 1797. |
√ Thomas Pinckney (Federalist) Unopposed[18] |
| Connecticut at-large | James Davenport | Federalist | 1796 (Special) | Died August 3, 1797. New member elected September 18, 1797.[lower-alpha 4] Federalist hold. New member was seated November 13, 1797. |
√ William Edmond (Federalist) 56.3% John Treadwell (Federalist) 24.8% Gideon Granger Jr. 16.1% David Daggett (Federalist) 2.8%[19] |
| Tennessee at-large | Andrew Jackson | Democratic-Republican | 1797 (New state) | Incumbent resigned sometime in September 1797 when elected U.S. Senator. New member elected September 26, 1797. Democratic-Republican hold. New member seated in November 23, 1797 despite being under the minimum age for service. |
√ William C. C. Claiborne (Democratic-Republican) John Rhea John Carter[20] |
| Pennsylvania 5 | George Ege | Federalist | 1796 (Special) | Incumbent resigned sometime in October 1797. New member elected October 10, 1797.[lower-alpha 4] Democratic-Republican gain. New member was seated December 1, 1797. |
√ Joseph Hiester (Democratic-Republican) Unopposed[21] |
Connecticut
Connecticut's results
Connecticut elected its seven representatives at-large on a general ticket.
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Connecticut at-large 7 seats on a general ticket |
Uriah Tracy | Federalist | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected. Winner declined to serve. |
√ Uriah Tracy (Federalist) 13.8% √ Roger Griswold (Federalist) 13.3% √ Joshua Coit (Federalist) 12.1% √ Zephaniah Swift (Federalist) 12.0% √ Nathaniel Smith (Federalist) 11.9% √ Chauncey Goodrich (Federalist) 9.7% √ Samuel W. Dana (Federalist) 7.5% James Davenport (Federalist) 6.2% David Daggett (Federalist) 4.7% John Allen (Federalist) 3.3% William Edmond (Federalist) 3.3% Jonathan Treadwell 2.6% Gideon Granger (Democratic-Republican) 2.2% |
| Roger Griswold | Federalist | 1794 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Joshua Coit | Federalist | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Zephariah Swift | Federalist | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected. Winner declined to serve. | ||
| Nathaniel Smith | Federalist | 1795 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Chauncey Goodrich | Federalist | 1794 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| James Hillhouse | Federalist | 1790 | Incumbent resigned July 1, 1796. New member elected. Federalist hold. |
Delaware
Delaware's result
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delaware at-large | John Patten | Democratic-Republican | 1794 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ James A. Bayard (Federalist) 56.3% William Perry (Democratic-Republican) 43.7% |
Georgia
Georgia's results
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Georgia at-large 2 seats on a general ticket |
Abraham Baldwin | Democratic-Republican | 1789 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Abraham Baldwin (Democratic-Republican) 35.8% √ John Milledge (Democratic-Republican) 33.1% Thomas P. Carnes (Federalist) 18.7% Francis Willis (Democratic-Republican) 10.5% George Nailor (Democratic-Republican) 1.8% |
| John Milledge | Democratic-Republican | 1794 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Kentucky
Kentucky's results by district
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kentucky 1 "Southern District" |
Christopher Greenup | Democratic-Republican | 1792 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Thomas Terry Davis (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 6] |
| Kentucky 2 "Northern District" |
Alexander D. Orr | Democratic-Republican | 1792 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ John Fowler (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 6] Notley Conn Edmund Bollock |
Maryland
Maryland's results by district
Two of the four Democratic-Republicans were replaced by Federalists, bringing the Federalists from a 4-4 split to a 6-2 majority.
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maryland 1 | George Dent | Federalist | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ George Dent (Federalist) 99.7% Philip Key 0.3% |
| Maryland 2 | Richard Sprigg, Jr. | Democratic-Republican | 1796 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Richard Sprigg, Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 100% |
| Maryland 3 | William Craik | Federalist | 1796 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. | √ William Craik (Federalist) 51.0% Benjamin Edwards 49.0% |
| Maryland 4 | Thomas Sprigg | Democratic-Republican | 1792 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ George Baer, Jr. (Federalist) 72.1% Samuel Ringgold (Democratic-Republican) 27.9% |
| Maryland 5 | Samuel Smith | Democratic-Republican | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Samuel Smith (Democratic-Republican) 100% |
| Maryland 6 | Gabriel Christie | Democratic-Republican | 1792 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ William Matthews (Federalist) 51.5% Gabriel Christie (Democratic-Republican) 48.5% |
| Maryland 7 | William Hindman | Federalist | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ William Hindman (Federalist) 62.6% Robert Wright (Democratic-Republican) 37.4% |
| Maryland 8 | William V. Murray | Federalist | 1790 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. |
√ John Dennis (Federalist) 100% |
Massachusetts
Massachusetts's results
Massachusetts's electoral law required a majority for election, necessitating additional trials in three districts.
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Massachusetts 1 "1st Western District" |
Vacant | Incumbent representative-elect Theodore Sedgwick (Federalist) resigned sometime in June 1796 to become U.S. Senator. Democratic-Republican gain. New member also elected to finish the term on a later ballot, see above. |
√ Thomson J. Skinner (Democratic-Republican) 56.4% Ephraim Williams (Federalist) 43.6% | ||
| Massachusetts 2 "2nd Western District" |
William Lyman | Democratic-Republican | 1792 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
First ballot (November 7, 1796): William Shepard (Federalist) 46.3% Sam Hinshaw 23.9% William Lyman (Democratic-Republican) 21.4% John Williams 4.0% Nahum Park 2.0% Scattering 2.4% Second ballot (January 16, 1797): √ William Shepard (Federalist) 100% |
| Massachusetts 3 "3rd Western District" |
Samuel Lyman | Federalist | 1794 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Samuel Lyman (Federalist) 83.3% Daniel Bigelow (Democratic-Republican) 16.7% |
| Massachusetts 4 "4th Western District" |
Dwight Foster | Federalist | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Dwight Foster (Federalist) 80.8% Levi Lincoln Sr. (Democratic-Republican) 19.2% |
| Massachusetts 5 "1st Southern District" |
Nathaniel Freeman | Democratic-Republican | 1794 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Nathaniel Freeman (Democratic-Republican) 82.1% Peleg Coffin Jr. (Federalist) 17.9% |
| Massachusetts 6 "2nd Southern District" |
John Reed Sr. | Federalist | 1794 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ John Reed Sr. (Federalist) 78.8% Edward H. Robbins (Federalist) 21.2% |
| Massachusetts 7 "3rd Southern District" |
George Leonard | Federalist | 1788 1794 |
Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. |
First ballot (November 7, 1796): Elisha May (Federalist) 45.3% Stephen Bullock (Federalist) 28.3% Laban Wheaton (Federalist) 26.4% Second ballot (January 16, 1797): Stephen Bullock (Federalist) 35.8% Laban Wheaton (Federalist) 32.7% Elisha May (Federalist) 31.5% Third ballot (April 3, 1797): √ Stephen Bullock (Federalist) 56.7% Elisha May (Federalist) 28.3% Laban Wheaton (Federalist) 15.1% |
| Massachusetts 8 "1st Middle District" |
Fisher Ames | Federalist | 1788 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. |
√ Harrison Gray Otis (Federalist) 57.0% James Bowdoin (Democratic-Republican) 43.0% |
| Massachusetts 9 "2nd Middle District" |
Joseph Varnum | Democratic-Republican | 1794 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Joseph Varnum (Democratic-Republican) 69.0% Ebenezer Bridge (Federalist) 16.8% Samuel Dexter (Federalist) 14.3% |
| Massachusetts 10 "3rd Middle District" |
Samuel Sewall | Federalist | 1796 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Samuel Sewall (Federalist) 67.9% Loammi Baldwin (Federalist) 22.1% |
| Massachusetts 11 "4th Middle District" |
Theophilus Bradbury | Federalist | 1794 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Theophilus Bradbury (Federalist) 100% |
| Massachusetts 12 "1st Eastern District of the District of Maine" |
Henry Dearborn | Democratic-Republican | 1792 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
First ballot (November 7, 1796): Isaac Parker (Federalist) 40.5% Henry Dearborn (Democratic-Republican) 31.7% John Bowman 27.8% Second ballot (January 16, 1797): Isaac Parker (Federalist) 48.2% Henry Dearborn (Democratic-Republican) 33.8% John Bowman 18.0% Third ballot (April 3, 1797): √ Isaac Parker (Federalist) 52.6% Henry Dearborn (Democratic-Republican) 47.5% |
| Massachusetts 13 "2nd Eastern District of the District of Maine" |
Peleg Wadsworth | Federalist | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Peleg Wadsworth (Federalist) 100% |
| Massachusetts 14 "3rd Eastern District of the District of Maine" |
George Thatcher | Federalist | 1788 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ George Thatcher (Federalist) 100% |
New Hampshire
New Hampshire's results
In 1796, New Hampshire had a single at-large district with 4 seats. Each voter cast 4 votes and a majority of voters (12.5% of votes) was required to be elected. Since only three candidates received a majority, a run-off was held between the candidates in fourth and fifth place to fill the remaining seat.
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates[lower-alpha 7] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New Hampshire at-large 4 seats on a general ticket |
Jeremiah Smith | Federalist | 1790 | Incumbent re-elected. | First ballot (August 29, 1796): √ Jeremiah Smith (Federalist) 25.0% √ Abiel Foster (Federalist) 24.3% √ William Gordon (Federalist) 14.9% Jonathan Freeman (Federalist) 9.5% Peleg Sprague (Federalist) 4.4% Woodbury Langdon (Democratic-Republican) 4.2% John Prentice 4.1% Thomas Cogwell 3.4% Nathaniel Peabody 2.3% John Bellows 2.1% Joseph Cilley 1.9% Nathaniel Rogers 1.9% Second ballot (November 7, 1796): √ Jonathan Freeman (Federalist) 72.5% Peleg Sprague (Federalist) 27.5% |
| Nicholas Gilman | Federalist | 1788/89 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. | ||
| John Samuel Sherburne | Democratic-Republican | 1792 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist gain. | ||
| Abiel Foster | Federalist | 1794 | Incumbent re-elected. |
New Jersey
New Jersey's results
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates[lower-alpha 7] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New Jersey at-large 5 seats on a general ticket |
Jonathan Dayton | Federalist | 1791 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Jonathan Dayton (Federalist) 15.8% √ Mark Thomson (Federalist) 10.4% √ James H. Imlay (Federalist) 9.6% √ James Schureman (Federalist) 9.3% √ Thomas Sinnickson (Federalist) 9.1% Aaron Kitchell (Democratic-Republican) 8.6% Joseph Bloomfield (Democratic-Republican) 5.5% James Linn (Democratic-Republican) 5.3% Ebenezer Elmer (Democratic-Republican) 4.8% John Condit (Democratic-Republican) 4.6% William Crane (Federalist) 3.5% Joseph Cooper (Democratic-Republican) 3.5% William Helms (Democratic-Republican) 2.8% Thomas Lowrey (Federalist) 1.5% Jonathan Elmer (Federalist) 1.3% |
| Mark Thomson | Federalist | 1794 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Aaron Kitchell | Federalist | 1794 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist hold. | ||
| Thomas Henderson | Federalist | 1794 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist hold. | ||
| Isaac Smith | Federalist | 1794 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. |
New York
New York's results by district
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New York 1 | Jonathan Nicoll Havens | Democratic-Republican | 1794 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Jonathan Nicoll Havens (Democratic-Republican) 66.0% Selah Strong (Federalist) 34.0% |
| New York 2 | Edward Livingston | Democratic-Republican | 1794 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Edward Livingston (Democratic-Republican) 56.6% James Watson (Federalist) 43.3% |
| New York 3 | Philip Van Courtlandt | Democratic-Republican | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Philip Van Courtlandt (Democratic-Republican) 50.3% Samuel Haight (Federalist) 49.7% |
| New York 4 | John Hathorn | Democratic-Republican | 1794 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Lucas Elmendorf (Democratic-Republican) 56.1% Conrad E. Elmendorf (Federalist) 43.9% |
| New York 5 | Theodorus Bailey | Democratic-Republican | 1793 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ David Brooks (Federalist) 54.5% Theodorus Bailey (Democratic-Republican) 45.5% |
| New York 6 | Ezekiel Gilbert | Federalist | 1793 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. |
√ Hezekiah L. Hosmer (Federalist) 57.7% John P. Van Ness (Democratic-Republican) 42.3% |
| New York 7 | John E. Van Alen | Federalist | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ John E. Van Alen (Federalist) 57.9% John Woodworth (Democratic-Republican) 42.1% |
| New York 8 | Henry Glen | Federalist | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Henry Glen (Federalist) 77.7% Peter Swart (Democratic-Republican) 22.3% |
| New York 9 | John Williams | Democratic-Republican | 1794 | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. Federalist gain. |
√ John Williams (Federalist) 62.8% James Gordon (Federalist) 27.3% Douw I. Fonda (Democratic-Republican) 10.0% |
| New York 10 | William Cooper | Federalist | 1794 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist hold. |
√ James Cochran (Federalist) 50.6% William Cooper (Federalist) 48.7% Charles Williamson (Democratic-Republican) 0.7% |
North Carolina
North Carolina's results by district
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| North Carolina 1 | James Holland | Democratic-Republican | 1795 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Joseph McDowell (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 6] James Holland |
| North Carolina 2 | Matthew Locke | Democratic-Republican | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Matthew Locke (Democratic-Republican) 56.9% Nathaniel Alexander (Democratic-Republican) 27.1% Robert Irwin (Federalist) 15.8% Others 0.2% |
| North Carolina 3 | Jesse Franklin | Democratic-Republican | 1795 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Robert Williams (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 6] Jesse Franklin (Democratic-Republican) |
| North Carolina 4 | William F. Strudwick | Federalist | 1796 (Special) | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Richard Stanford (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 6] Absalom Tatom (Democratic-Republican) William Sheppard (Federalist) Stephen Moore (Federalist) |
| North Carolina 5 | Nathaniel Macon | Democratic-Republican | 1791 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Nathaniel Macon (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 6] |
| North Carolina 6 | James Gillespie | Democratic-Republican | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ James Gillespie (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 6] William H. Hill (Federalist) James Keenan Gabriel Holmes (I) |
| North Carolina 7 | William B. Grove | Federalist | 1791 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ William B. Grove (Federalist) 73.4% Duncan MacFarland (Democratic-Republican) 26.6% |
| North Carolina 8 | Dempsey Burges | Democratic-Republican | 1795 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Dempsey Burges (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 6] Joseph Riddick (Democratic-Republican) James Gregory (Federalist) James Brown (Federalist) |
| North Carolina 9 | Thomas Blount | Democratic-Republican | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Thomas Blount (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 6] Willis Alston (Federalist) |
| North Carolina 10 | Nathan Bryan | Democratic-Republican | 1795 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Nathan Bryan (Democratic-Republican) 54.1% Richard D. Spaight (Democratic-Republican) 45.9% |
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania's results by district
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates[22] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pennsylvania 1 | John Swanwick | Democratic-Republican | 1794 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ John Swanwick (Democratic-Republican) 51.3% Edward Tilghman (Federalist) 48.7% |
| Pennsylvania 2 | Frederick Muhlenberg | Democratic-Republican | 1788 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Blair McClenachan (Democratic-Republican) 60.2% Robert Waln (Federalist) 39.8% |
| Pennsylvania 3 | Richard Thomas | Federalist | 1794 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Richard Thomas (Federalist) 52.9% William Gibbons (Democratic-Republican) 47.1% |
| Pennsylvania 4 Plural district with 2 seats |
Samuel Sitgreaves | Federalist | 1794 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Samuel Sitgreaves (Federalist) 42.6% √ John Chapman (Federalist) 25.2% Peter Muhlenberg (Democratic-Republican) 13.0% John Richards (Democratic-Republican) 12.3% Robert Lollar (Democratic-Republican) 6.9% |
| John Richards | Democratic-Republican | 1794 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain. | ||
| Pennsylvania 5 | Vacant | Representative Daniel Hiester (Democratic-Republican) resigned July 1, 1796. New member elected. Federalist gain. Winner was also elected to finish the current term, see above. |
√ George Ege (Federalist) 56.8% Joseph Hiester (Democratic-Republican) 43.2% | ||
| Pennsylvania 6 | Samuel Maclay | Democratic-Republican | 1794 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ John A. Hanna (Democratic-Republican) 74.3% John Carson (Federalist) 21.1% Samuel Maclay (Democratic-Republican) 4.6% |
| Pennsylvania 7 | John W. Kittera | Federalist | 1791 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ John W. Kittera (Federalist) 95.6% William Webb (Federalist) 4.4% |
| Pennsylvania 8 | Thomas Hartley | Federalist | 1788 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Thomas Hartley (Federalist) Unopposed |
| Pennsylvania 9 | Andrew Gregg | Democratic-Republican | 1791 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Andrew Gregg (Democratic-Republican) 53.8% William Irvine (Democratic-Republican) 32.0% James Wallace (Federalist) 7.9% Robert Whitehall (Democratic-Republican) 4.1% Thomas Kennedy (Federalist) 2.3% |
| Pennsylvania 10 | David Bard | Democratic-Republican | 1794 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ David Bard (Democratic-Republican) 45.1% Abraham Smith (Democratic-Republican) 30.3% William M. Brown (Federalist) 24.6% |
| Pennsylvania 11 | William Findley | Democratic-Republican | 1791 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ William Findley (Democratic-Republican) 79.3% James Findley (Federalist) 20.7% |
| Pennsylvania 12 | Albert Gallatin | Democratic-Republican | 1794 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Albert Gallatin (Democratic-Republican) 61.7% John Woods (Federalist) 26.4% Thomas Stokely (Federalist) 11.9% |
Rhode Island
Rhode Island's results
Rhode Island had an at-large district with two seats, each of which were elected separately.
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rhode Island at-large Seat A |
Benjamin Bourne | Federalist | 1790 | Incumbent re-elected. Winner later declined the seat. |
√ Benjamin Bourne (Federalist) 99.9% Others 0.1% |
| Rhode Island at-large Seat B |
Francis Malbone | Federalist | 1792 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. |
√ Christopher G. Champlin (Federalist) 51.4% William Greene (Federalist) 48.4% Others 0.2% |
South Carolina
South Carolina's results by district
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| South Carolina 1 Also known as the Charleston district |
William L. Smith | Federalist | 1788 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ William L. Smith (Federalist) 84.8% Robert Simons (Democratic-Republican) 13.6% John Rutledge (Democratic-Republican) 1.6% |
| South Carolina 2 Also known as the Beaufort district |
Wade Hampton | Democratic-Republican | 1794 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ John Rutledge, Jr. (Federalist) 87.3% Elnathan Haskell (Democratic-Republican) 16.7% |
| South Carolina 3 Also known as the Georgetown district |
Lemuel Benton | Democratic-Republican | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Lemuel Benton (Democratic-Republican) 63.3% Tristam Thomas (Federalist) 24.4% Joseph Blyth (Federalist) 12.3% |
| South Carolina 4 Also known as the Camden district |
Richard Winn | Democratic-Republican | 1793 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Thomas Sumter (Democratic-Republican) 50.7% Richard Winn (Federalist)[lower-alpha 8] 49.3% |
| South Carolina 5 Also known as the Ninety-Six district |
Robert Goodloe Harper | Federalist | 1794 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Robert Goodloe Harper (Federalist) 67.6% William Butler (Democratic-Republican) 32.4% |
| South Carolina 6 Also known as the Washington district |
Samuel Earle | Democratic-Republican | 1794 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ William Smith (Democratic-Republican) 37.0% Abraham Nott (Federalist) 32.5% William Will (Democratic-Republican) 25.4% Samuel Lowrie (Federalist) 2.6% Robert Anderson (Democratic-Republican) 2.5% |
Tennessee
Tennessee's result
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tennessee at-large | Andrew Jackson | Democratic-Republican | 1796 | Incumbent re-elected. Winner later resigned in September 1797 when elected U.S. Senator. |
√ Andrew Jackson (Democratic-Republican)[23] [data unknown/missing] |
Vermont
Vermont's results by district
Due to Vermont's law requiring a majority to secure a congressional seat, the 1st district required three ballots to choose a winner.
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates[lower-alpha 7] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vermont 1 "Western District" |
Israel Smith | Democratic-Republican | 1791 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
First ballot (September 9, 1796): Matthew Lyon (Democratic-Republican) 40.7% Israel Smith (Democratic-Republican) 22.1% Samuel Williams 7.3% Nathaniel Chipman (Federalist) 7.1% Isaac Tichenor (Federalist) 6.5% Gideon Olin (Democratic-Republican) 4.5% Enoch Woodbridge 4.3% Jonas Galusha (Democratic-Republican) 3.4% Daniel Chipman (Federalist) 2.0% Samuel Hitchcock 1.2% Others 1.0% Second ballot (December 11, 1796): Matthew Lyon (Democratic-Republican) 46.7% Samuel Hitchcock 25.7% Israel Smith (Democratic-Republican) 21.4% Samuel Williams 2.9% Gideon Olin (Democratic-Republican) 1.1% Others 2.3% Third ballot (February 7, 1797): √ Matthew Lyon (Democratic-Republican) 55.1% Samuel Hitchcock 29.4% Israel Smith (Democratic-Republican) 8.9% Jonas Galusha (Democratic-Republican) 3.9% Samuel Williams 0.7% Scattering 2.1% |
| Vermont 2 "Eastern District" |
Daniel Buck | Federalist | 1795 | Incumbent re-elected. Winner declined the seat. |
√ Daniel Buck (Federalist) 97.1% Scattering 2.9% |
Virginia
Virginia's results by district
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Virginia 1 | Robert Rutherford | Democratic-Republican | 1793 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain. The election was unsuccessfully challenged by Rutherford.[1] |
√ Daniel Morgan (Federalist)[lower-alpha 6] Robert Rutherford (Democratic-Republican) |
| Virginia 2 | Andrew Moore | Democratic-Republican | 1789 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ David Holmes (Democratic-Republican) 60.4% John Steele (Federalist) 27.5% John Bowyer (Democratic-Republican) 12.1% |
| Virginia 3 | George Jackson | Democratic-Republican | 1795 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ James Machir (Federalist) 45.4% George Jackson (Democratic-Republican) 28.7% John Mitchell (Democratic-Republican) 20.1% Thomas Wilson (Federalist) 5.7% |
| Virginia 4 | Francis Preston | Democratic-Republican | 1793 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Abram Trigg (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 6] |
| Virginia 5 | George Hancock | Federalist | 1793 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ John J. Trigg (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 6] |
| Virginia 6 | Isaac Coles | Democratic-Republican | 1793 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Matthew Clay (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 6] |
| Virginia 7 | Abraham B. Venable | Democratic-Republican | 1790 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Abraham B. Venable (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 6] |
| Virginia 8 | Thomas Claiborne | Democratic-Republican | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Thomas Claiborne (Democratic-Republican) 62.3% Jesse Browne (Federalist) 37.7% |
| Virginia 9 | William B. Giles | Democratic-Republican | 1790 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ William B. Giles (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 6] |
| Virginia 10 | Carter B. Harrison | Democratic-Republican | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Carter B. Harrison (Democratic-Republican) 55.4% Edwin Gray (Federalist) 44.6% |
| Virginia 11 | Josiah Parker | Federalist | 1789 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Josiah Parker (Federalist)[lower-alpha 6] |
| Virginia 12 | John Page | Democratic-Republican | 1789 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ Thomas Evans (Federalist)[lower-alpha 6] John Page (Democratic-Republican) |
| Virginia 13 | John Clopton | Democratic-Republican | 1795 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ John Clopton (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 6] Burwell Bassett (Federalist) |
| Virginia 14 | Samuel J. Cabell | Democratic-Republican | 1795 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Samuel J. Cabell (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 6] |
| Virginia 15 | James Madison Jr. | Democratic-Republican | 1789 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ John Dawson (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 6] Thomas Posey (Federalist) |
| Virginia 16 | Anthony New | Democratic-Republican | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Anthony New (Democratic-Republican) 70.6% Carter Braxton Jr. (Federalist) 29.3% Robert P. Waring 0.1% |
| Virginia 17 | Richard Brent | Democratic-Republican | 1795 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Richard Brent (Democratic-Republican) 100% Leven Powell (Federalist)[lower-alpha 9] |
| Virginia 18 | John Nicholas | Democratic-Republican | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ John Nicholas (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 6] John Blackwell (Federalist) William Fitzhugh (Federalist) |
| Virginia 19 | John Heath | Democratic-Republican | 1793 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Walter Jones (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 6] Burgess Ball (Federalist) |
See also
Notes
- New Hampshire law required a majority for election, requiring an additional ballot on November 7, 1796.
- Vermont law required a majority for election, requiring additional ballots on December 11, 1796 and February 7, 1797.
- Massachusetts law required a majority for election, requiring additional ballots on January 16, 1797 and April 3, 1797.
- Date cited is the election date, but the new member in some cases "took" the seat on a later date.[2]
- Source mistakenly gives party as Democratic-Republican; Tillinghast did later become a Democratic-Republican, but in the 5th Congress, he was a Federalist
- Source does not give numbers of votes or has incomplete data
- Only candidates with at least 1% of the vote listed
- Although Winn had run as a Democratic-Republican in the previous election, the source used stated that he'd run as a Federalist in this election, however, by the time he returned to Congress in 1801 he was a Democratic-Republican again
- The source used does not list votes for Powell, but provides a citations stating "Col. Powell of Loudoun was expected to have been a candidate on this occasion; but from the present ill state of his health, it was understood he had declined and consequently had but a few votes."[24]
References
- "Fifth Congress (membership roster)". Archived from the original on September 19, 2018. Retrieved September 11, 2018.
- Dubin, Michael J. (1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 0786402830.
- Election details from Ourcampaigns.com
- Election details from Ourcampaigns.com
- Election details from Ourcampaigns.com
- https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:md.uscongress3.special.1796
- https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:pa.uscongress5.specialelection.1796
- "Tennessee 1796 U.S. House of Representatives". A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts Digital Library, Tufts University. Retrieved August 6, 2018.
- Election details from Ourcampaigns.com
- Election details from Ourcampaigns.com
- Election details from Ourcampaigns.com
- Election details from Ourcampaigns.com
- Election details from Ourcampaigns.com
- Election details from Ourcampaigns.com
- New Hampshire Special Election Race from Ourcampaigns.com
- New Hampshire Special Election Runoff Race from Ourcampaigns.com
- Election details from Ourcampaigns.com
- https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:sc.uscongress.specialelection.1797
- https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ct.special.congress.1797
- "Tennessee 1797 U.S. House of Representatives". A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts Digital Library, Tufts University. Retrieved August 6, 2018.
- https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:pa.uscongress5.specialelection.1797
- Wilkes University Elections Statistics Project
- Source does not give numbers of votes or has incomplete data
- Columbian Mirror and Alexandria Gazette. March 21, 1797.
Bibliography
- "A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787-1825". Tufts Digital Library, Tufts University. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
- Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
External links
- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)
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