1880 United States House of Representatives elections

1880 United States House of Representatives elections
	June 1, 1880 – November 2, 1880
	June 1, 1880 – November 2, 1880
All 293 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives; 147 seats needed for a majority
Speaker before election; Samuel Randall; Democratic	Elected Speaker ; Joseph Keifer; Republican

Elections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1880 for Representatives to the 47th Congress, and coincided with the 1880 presidential election which was won by James A. Garfield, who was a member of the House at the time.

Issues such as Civil War loyalties, tariffs, graft and corruption dominated the year's elections, though none became substantive a national issue. The economy was growing stronger after emerging from a long Depression. It was in this political environment that Garfield's Republican Party gained 19 seats and regained control of the House from the Democratic Party. The Greenback Party, an emerging party of workers and farmers, also lost seats in these elections, after gaining more than a dozen two years earlier.[3][4]

Election summaries

↓
131	10	151
Democratic	Gb	Republican

State	Type	Total seats	Democratic		Greenback		Republican
State	Type	Total seats	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Alabama	District	8	6	1	1		1	1
Arkansas	District	4	4		0		0
California	District	4	2	1	0		2	1
Colorado	At-large	1	0		0		1
Connecticut	District	4	1		0		3
Delaware	At-large	1	1		0		0
Florida	District	2	1		0		1
Georgia	District	9	9[lower-alpha 4]		0		0
Illinois	District	19	6		0	1	13	1
Indiana	District	13	5	1	0		8	2
Iowa	District	9	1	1	0	2	8	1
Kansas	District	3	0		0		3
Kentucky	District	10	9	1	0		1	1
Louisiana	District	6	5	1	0		1	1
Maine[lower-alpha 5]	District	5	0		2		3
Maryland	District	6	5		0		1
Massachusetts	District	11	1		0		10
Michigan	District	9	0		0		9
Minnesota	District	3	0	1	0		3	1
Mississippi	District	6	5	1	0		1	1
Missouri	District	13	7	5	4	3	2	2
Nebraska	At-large	1	0		0		1
Nevada	At-large	1	1	1	0		0	1
New Hampshire	District	3	0		0		3
New Jersey	District	7	3		0		4
New York	District	33[lower-alpha 6]	12	3	0		20	4
North Carolina	District	8	7	1	0	1	1
Ohio[lower-alpha 5]	District	20	5	6	0		15	6
Oregon[lower-alpha 5]	At-large	1	0	1	0		1	1
Pennsylvania	District	27	7	1	2		18	1
Rhode Island	District	2	0		0		2
South Carolina	District	5	4	1	0		1	1
Tennessee	District	10	7	2	0		3	2
Texas[lower-alpha 5]	District	6	5		1		0
Vermont[lower-alpha 5]	District	3	0		0	1	3	1
Virginia	District	9	7[lower-alpha 7]	1	0		2	1
West Virginia	District	3	3		0		0
Wisconsin	District	8	2	1	0		6	1
Total		293[lower-alpha 6]	131[1] 44.7%	13	10[1] 3.4%	4	151[1] 51.5%	16

House seats

Democratic			44.71%
Greenback			3.41%
Republican			51.54%

[[File:47 us house membership.png|thumb|450px|

House seats by party holding plurality in state
80+% to 100% Democratic	80+% to 100% Republican
60+% to 80% Democratic	60+% to 80% Republican
Up to 60% Democratic	Up to 60% Republican

]]

[[File:47 us house changes.png|thumb|450px|

Net gain in party representation
6+ Democratic gain		6+ Republican gain
3-5 Democratic gain	3-5 Greenback gain	3-5 Republican gain
1-2 Democratic gain	1-2 Greenback gain	1-2 Republican gain
no net change

]]

Early election dates

In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform nationwide date for choosing Presidential electors.[5] This law did not affect election dates for Congress, which remained within the jurisdiction of State governments, but over time, the States moved their Congressional elections to this date as well.

In 1880, no states held their elections after Election Day for the first time (California was the last state to hold late elections, in 1878). But 5 states, with 35 seats among them, held their elections before the rest of the states:

June 1 Texas
June 7 Oregon
September 7 Vermont
September 13 Maine
October 12 Ohio

Special elections

46th Congress

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Missouri 7	Alfred M. Lay	Democratic	1878	Incumbent died December 8, 1879. New member elected January 10, 1880.[6] Democratic hold. Successor seated January 26, 1880.[7] Successor later lost re-election to the next term, see below.	Y John F. Philips (Democratic) 53.62% Joseph W. McClurg (Republican) 36.20% William C. Alldridge (Greenback) 10.18%[6]
New York 32	Ray V. Pierce	Republican	1878	Incumbent resigned September 18, 1880. New member elected November 2, 1880.[8] Democratic gain. Successor seated December 6, 1880.[7] Successor also elected to the next term, see below.	Y Jonathan Scoville (Democratic) 50.06% Myron R. Bush (Republican) 49.17% William S. Smith (Greenback) 0.77%[8]
Alabama 6	Burwell B. Lewis	Democratic	1874 1876 (Lost) 1878	Incumbent resigned October 1, 1880 to become President of the University of Alabama. New member elected sometime in 1880. Democratic hold. Successor seated December 8, 1880.[7] Successor had not been a candidate to the next term, see below.	Y Newton N. Clements (Democratic) 100%[9]
Ohio 19th	James A. Garfield	Republican	1862	Incumbent resigned November 8, 1880 to become U.S. President. New member November 30, 1880.[10] Republican hold. Successor seated December 13, 1880.[7] Successor had already been elected to the next term, see below.	Y Ezra B. Taylor (Republican) 89.99% Charles D. Adams (Democratic) 9.15%[10]
New Hampshire 3	Evarts Worcester Farr	Republican	1878	Incumbent died November 30, 1880. New member elected December 28, 1880.[11] Republican hold. Successor seated January 8, 1881.[12] Successor was also elected to the next term.	Y Ossian Ray (Republican) 64.17% Jewett D. Hosley (Democratic) 34.82% Others 1.01%[11]

47th Congress

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
New Hampshire 3	Evarts Worcester Farr	Republican	1878	Incumbent member-elect died November 30, 1880, having just been re-elected. New member elected December 28, 1880.[13] Republican hold. Successor was also elected to finish the current term.	Y Ossian Ray (Republican) 65.18% Jewett D. Hosley (Democratic) 34.82%[13]

Alabama

Arkansas

California

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
California 1	Horace Davis	Republican	1876	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic Gain.	Y William Rosecrans (Democratic) 51% Horace Davis (Republican) 47.3% Stephen Maybell (Greenback) 1.7%
California 2	Horace F. Page	Republican	1872	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Horace F. Page (Republican) 53.6% John R. Glascock (Democratic) 45.7% Benjamin Todd (Greenback) 0.7%
California 3	Campbell P. Berry	Democratic	1879	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Campbell P. Berry (Democratic) 51.1% George A. Knight (Republican) 48.2% A. Musselman (Greenback) 0.6%
California 4	Romualdo Pacheco	Republican	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Romualdo Pacheco (Republican) 45.8% Wallace Leach (Democratic) 45.3% J. F. Godfrey (Greenback) 8.9%

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Florida 1	Robert H. M. Davidson	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Robert H. M. Davidson (Democratic) 57.2% George W. Witherspoon (Republican) 42.3% Livingston W. Bethel (Independent) 0.5%
Florida 2	Noble A. Hull	Democratic	1878	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. Horatio Bisbee Jr. later successfully challenged the election of Jesse J. Finley and was seated June 1, 1882.	Y Jesse J. Finley (Democratic) 52.3% Horatio Bisbee Jr. (Republican) 47.7%

Georgia

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New York

North Carolina

Ohio

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
South Carolina 1	John S. Richardson	Democratic	1878	Incumbent re-elected.	Y John S. Richardson (Democratic) 63.3% Samuel J. Lee (Republican) 36.7%
South Carolina 2	Michael P. O'Connor	Democratic	1878	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Michael P. O'Connor (Democratic) 58.8% Edmund W. M. Mackey (Republican) 41.2%
South Carolina 3	D. Wyatt Aiken	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	Y D. Wyatt Aiken (Democratic) 74.1% C. J. Stollbrand (Republican) 25.9%
South Carolina 4	John H. Evins	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	Y John H. Evins (Democratic) 69.7% A. Blythe (Republican) 29.3% J. Hendrix McLane (Greenback) 1.0%
South Carolina 5	George D. Tillman	Democratic	1878	Incumbent re-elected.	Y George D. Tillman (Democratic) 60.4% Robert Smalls (Republican) 39.6%

Tennessee

Texas

Vermont

Virginia

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Non-voting members

There were elections in Montana Territory.

Notes

Dubin (p. 255) counts 147 Republicans, 135 Democrats, 2 Readjusters, 1 Independent Democrat, and 8 Greenbacks at the start of the 47th United States Congress.
Included 7 Independent Democrats.
Includes 1 Independent Democrat elected in Georgia.
Includes 1 Independent Democrat elected in the 9th district.
Elections held early.
1 Independent, J. Hyatt Smith elected to the 3rd district.
Includes 2 Readjuster Democrats, elected to the 7th district and 9th district.

References

Martis 1989, pp. 134–135
Martis 1989, pp. 136–137.
Kennedy, Robert C. ""A Midsummer-Night's Dream Nomination"". The Learning Network: The New York Times on the web. Retrieved August 11, 2019.
Hartman, Dorothy W. "Politics of the 1870s and 1880s". connerprairie.org. Fishers, Indiana: Conner Prairie. Retrieved August 11, 2019.
Statutes at Large, 28th Congress, 2nd Session, p. 721.
"MO District 7 - Special Election". December 17, 2007. Retrieved August 22, 2019 – via OurCampaigns.com.
"Forty-Sixth Congress March 4, 1883, to March 3, 1881". Clerk of the United States House of Representatives. Retrieved August 9, 2019.
"NY District 32 - Special Election". April 24, 2011. Retrieved August 22, 2019 – via OurCampaigns.com.
Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections. 1975. p. 642.
"OH District 19 - Special Election". April 18, 2008. Retrieved August 22, 2019 – via OurCampaigns.com.
"NH District 3 - Special Election". January 5, 2011. Retrieved August 9, 2019 – via OurCampaigns.com.
"Forty-Sixth Congress March 4, 1879, to March 3, 1881". Clerk of the United States House of Representatives. Retrieved August 9, 2019.
"NH District 3 - Special Election". January 5, 2011. Retrieved August 9, 2019 – via OurCampaigns.com.

Bibliography

Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
"Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.

External links

Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[Dubin-2] Dubin (p. 255) counts 147 Republicans, 135 Democrats, 2 Readjusters, 1 Independent Democrat, and 8 Greenbacks at the start of the 47th United States Congress.

[6ID-4] Included 7 Independent Democrats.

[1ID-5] Includes 1 Independent Democrat elected in Georgia.

[1IDb-8] Includes 1 Independent Democrat elected in the 9th district.

[early-9] Elections held early.

[Ind-10] 1 Independent, J. Hyatt Smith elected to the 3rd district.

[ReadjusterD-11] Includes 2 Readjuster Democrats, elected to the 7th district and 9th district.

[Martis-1] Martis 1989, pp. 134–135

[FOOTNOTEMartis1989136–137-3] Martis 1989, pp. 136–137.

[6] Kennedy, Robert C. ""A Midsummer-Night's Dream Nomination"". The Learning Network: The New York Times on the web. Retrieved August 11, 2019.

[7] Hartman, Dorothy W. "Politics of the 1870s and 1880s". connerprairie.org. Fishers, Indiana: Conner Prairie. Retrieved August 11, 2019.

[12] Statutes at Large, 28th Congress, 2nd Session, p. 721.

[MO07-13] "MO District 7 - Special Election". December 17, 2007. Retrieved August 22, 2019 – via OurCampaigns.com.

[46th_Roster-14] "Forty-Sixth Congress March 4, 1883, to March 3, 1881". Clerk of the United States House of Representatives. Retrieved August 9, 2019.

[NY32-15] "NY District 32 - Special Election". April 24, 2011. Retrieved August 22, 2019 – via OurCampaigns.com.

[16] Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections. 1975. p. 642.

[OH19-17] "OH District 19 - Special Election". April 18, 2008. Retrieved August 22, 2019 – via OurCampaigns.com.

[NH03A-18] "NH District 3 - Special Election". January 5, 2011. Retrieved August 9, 2019 – via OurCampaigns.com.

[46th_Congress-19] "Forty-Sixth Congress March 4, 1879, to March 3, 1881". Clerk of the United States House of Representatives. Retrieved August 9, 2019.

[NH03B-20] "NH District 3 - Special Election". January 5, 2011. Retrieved August 9, 2019 – via OurCampaigns.com.

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