1902 United States House of Representatives elections

Elections to the United States House of Representatives held in 1902 occurred in the middle of President Theodore Roosevelt's first term, about a year after the assassination of President William McKinley in September 1901.

1902 United States House of Representatives elections
November 4, 1902[lower-alpha 1]
All 386 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives
194 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader Joseph Cannon John Sharp Williams
Party Republican Democratic
Leader since March 4, 1903 March 4, 1903
Leader's seat Illinois 18th Mississippi 8th
Last election 200 seats 151 seats
Seats before 198 seats[lower-alpha 2] 152 seats[lower-alpha 3]
Seats won 206[1][2][lower-alpha 4] 176[1][2]
Seat change 6 25
Popular vote 5,470,468 4,942,208
Percentage 49.81% 45.00%
Swing 0.84% 0.55%
  Third party Fourth party
 
Party Independent Populist
Last election 0 seats 5 seats
Seats before 0 seats 5 seats
Seats won 4 [lower-alpha 4][lower-alpha 5] 0
Seat change 4 5
Popular vote 61,629 151,192
Percentage 0.56% 1.38%
Swing 0.23% 0.97%
Speaker before election

David Henderson
Republican

 Elected Speaker

Joseph Cannon
Republican

Due to the increased size of the House and the reapportionment that resulted from the 1900 U.S. Census, the Republican Party and the Democratic Party both gained seats simultaneously, which has not occurred in any elections since. The Democrats increased their share of the House, but not by enough to regain control.

With a stable economy and no cornerstone issue, Democratic gains can mostly be linked to the effects of redistricting. Many of the new seats were in areas with high numbers of immigrants (mostly Eastern and Southern European industrial workers, and Northern European farmers), with new immigrants tending to vote Democrat. The Populist Party disappeared from the House, with its supporters almost unanimously switching to the Democratic Party.

This election marked the third and most recent time in American history where the incumbent President's party gained House seats in a midterm election while still losing seats in the Senate, the first two being in 1814 and 1822.

Election summaries

29 new seats were added in reapportionment following the 1900 Census.[3] No states lost seats, 16 had no change in apportionment, 14 gained 1 seat, 3 gained 2 seats, and 3 gained 3 seats. Two of the states that gained representation elected the new seat at-large.

↓
176 3 207
Democratic IR Republican
State Type Total seats Democratic Republican
Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change
Alabama Districts 9 9 0
Arkansas Districts 7 1 7 1 0
California Districts 8 1 3 3 5 2
Colorado District
+at-large[lower-alpha 6]		 3[lower-alpha 7] 1 0 3 2[lower-alpha 8]
Connecticut District
+at-large[lower-alpha 6]		 5 1 0 5 1
Delaware At-large 1 1 1 0 1
Florida Districts 3 1 3 1 0
Georgia Districts 11 11 0
Idaho At-large 1[lower-alpha 7] 0 1 1
Illinois Districts 25 3 8 3 17 6
Indiana Districts 13 4 9
Iowa Districts 11 1 1 10 1
Kansas District
+at-large		 8 0 1 8 1
Kentucky Districts 11 10 1 1 1
Louisiana Districts 7 1 7 1 0
Maine[lower-alpha 9] Districts 4 0 4
Maryland Districts 6 2 2 4 2
Massachusetts Districts 14 1 4 1 10
Michigan Districts 12 1 1 11 1
Minnesota Districts 9 2 1 1 8 1
Mississippi Districts 8 1 8 1 0
Missouri Districts 16 1 15 3 1 2
Montana At-large 1[lower-alpha 7] 0 1 1
Nebraska Districts 6[lower-alpha 10] 1 1 5 3
Nevada At-large 1 1 0
New Hampshire Districts 2 0 2
New Jersey Districts 10 2 3 1 7 1
New York Districts 37 3 17 4 20 1
North Carolina Districts 10 1 10 3 0 2
North Dakota At-large 2 1 0 2 1
Ohio Districts 21 4 17
Oregon[lower-alpha 9] Districts 2 0 2
Pennsylvania District[lower-alpha 11] 32 2 3 1 29[lower-alpha 4] 3
Rhode Island Districts 2 1 1 1 1
South Carolina Districts 7 7 0
South Dakota At-large 2 0 2
Tennessee Districts 10 8 2
Texas Districts 16 3 16 3 0
Utah At-large 1 0 1
Vermont[lower-alpha 9] Districts 2 0 2
Virginia Districts 10 9 1 1 1
Washington At-large 3 1 0 3 1
West Virginia Districts 5 1 0 5 1
Wisconsin Districts 11 1 1 1 10
Wyoming At-large 1 0 1
Total 386 29 176
45.6%		 25 210[lower-alpha 4]
54.4%		 9
House seats
Democratic
 
 45.60%
Republican
 
 54.40%

The previous election had 5 Populists, but the party completely disappeared from the U.S. House in the 1902 elections.

[[File:58 us house membership.png|thumb|350px|
House seats by party holding plurality in state
  80+% to 100% Democratic
  80+% to 100% Republican
  60+% to 80% Democratic
  60+% to 80% Republican
  Up to 60% Democratic
  Up to 60% Republican
]]		 [[File:58 us house changes.png|thumb|350px|
Net gain in party representation
  6+ Democratic gain
  6+ Republican gain
  3-5 Democratic gain
  3-5 Republican gain
  1-2 Democratic gain
  1-2 Republican gain
  no net change
]]

Early election dates

In 1902, three states, with 8 seats among them, held elections early:

Special elections
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Virginia 6
New York 26

California
Main article: 1902 United States House of Representatives elections in California
See also: List of United States Representatives from California
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
California 1 Samuel D. Woods
Redistricted from the 2nd district		 Republican 1900 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  • Y James N. Gillett (Republican) 50.5%
  • Thomas S. Ford (Democratic) 46.7%
  • M. E. Shore (Socialist) 1.9%
  • W. O. Clark (Prohibition) 0.9%
California 2 Frank Coombs
Redistricted from the 1st district		 Republican 1900 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
  • Y Theodore A. Bell (Democratic) 49.2%
  • Frank Coombs (Republican) 48.3%
  • G. H. Rogers (Socialist) 1.7%
  • W. P. Fassett (Prohibition) 0.8%
California 3 Victor H. Metcalf Republican 1898 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Victor H. Metcalf (Republican) 66.2%
  • Calvin B. White (Democratic) 27.7%
  • M. W. Wilkins (Socialist) 5%
  • T. H. Montgomery (Prohibition) 1.1%
California 4 Julius Kahn Republican 1898 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
  • Y Edward J. Livernash (Democratic) 49.2%
  • Julius Kahn (Republican) 48.7%
  • William Costley (Socialist) 1.9%
  • Joseph Rowell (Prohibition) 0.2%
California 5 Eugene F. Loud Republican 1890 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
  • Y William J. Wynn (Democratic) 56.5%
  • Eugene F. Loud (Republican) 41.2%
  • Joseph Lawrence (Socialist) 1.5%
  • Frank W. Caton (Prohibition) 0.7%
California 6 James C. Needham
Redistricted from the 7th district		 Republican 1898 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y James C. Needham (Republican) 53.5%
  • Gaston N. Ashe (Democratic) 42.5%
  • J. L. Cobb (Socialist) 2.5%
  • L. C. Jolley (Prohibition) 1.4%
California 7 James McLachlan
Redistricted from the 6th district		 Republican 1900 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y James McLachlan (Republican) 64.8%
  • Carl A. Johnson (Democratic) 27%
  • George H. Hewes (Socialist) 4.2%
  • Frederick F. Wheeler (Prohibition) 4%
California 8 None (District created) New seat.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
  • Y Milton J. Daniels (Republican) 51.9%
  • William E. Smythe (Democratic) 40.8%
  • Noble A. Richardson (Socialist) 5.4%
  • Ellsworth Leonardson (Prohibition) 2%

Florida
Main article: 1902 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida
See also: List of United States Representatives from Florida
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Florida 1 Stephen M. Sparkman Democratic 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
Florida 2 Robert Wyche Davis Democratic 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
Florida 3 None (District created) New seat.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
  • Y William B. Lamar (Democratic)
  • Unopposed

Maryland
See also: List of United States Representatives from Maryland
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Maryland 1 William H. Jackson Republican 1900 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y William H. Jackson (Republican) 50.6%
  • James E. Ellegood (Democratic) 45.5%
  • R. J. McAllen (Prohibition) 3.9%
Maryland 2 Albert Blakeney Republican 1900 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
  • Y J. Frederick C. Talbott (Democratic) 50.8%
  • William Tyler Page (Republican) 46.2%
  • Henry N. Hanna (Prohibition) 3.0%
Maryland 3 Frank C. Wachter Republican 1898 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Frank C. Wachter (Republican) 48.8%
  • Lee S. Meyer (Democratic) 48.2%
  • B.F. Lewis (Prohibition) 1.4%
  • F. Mareck (Socialist) 1.6%
Maryland 4 Charles R. Schirm Republican 1900 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
  • Y James W. Denny (Democratic) 50.0%
  • Charles R. Schirm (Republican) 48.1%
  • Andrew J. Church (Prohibition) 1.9%
Maryland 5 Sydney Emanuel Mudd I Republican 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Sydney Emanuel Mudd I (Republican) 56.9%
  • Benjamin H. Camalier (Democratic) 41.3%
  • Samuel R. Neave (Prohibition) 1.8%
Maryland 6 George A. Pearre Republican 1898 Incumbent re-elected
  • Y George A. Pearre (Republican) 53.0%
  • C. F. Kenneweg (Democratic) 42.8%
  • J.A. Hopkins (Prohibition) 3.1%

South Carolina
Main article: 1902 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina
See also: List of United States Representatives from South Carolina
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
South Carolina 1 William Elliott Democratic 1886
1896		 Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
South Carolina 2 W. Jasper Talbert Democratic 1892 Incumbent retired to run for Governor of South Carolina.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
  • Y George W. Croft (Democratic) 94.9%
  • W. S. Dixon (Republican) 5.0%
  • Others 0.1%
South Carolina 3 Asbury Latimer Democratic 1892 Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
  • Y Wyatt Aiken (Democratic) 98.9%
  • John Scott (Republican) 1.1%
South Carolina 4 Joseph T. Johnson Democratic 1900 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 5 David E. Finley Democratic 1898 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 6 Robert B. Scarborough Democratic 1900 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 7 Asbury F. Lever Democratic 1901 (Special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Asbury F. Lever (Democratic) 96.2%
  • Alexander D. Dantzler (Republican) 3.8%

Non-voting delegates

Oklahoma Territory
See also: List of United States Representatives from Oklahoma
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Oklahoma Territory at-large Dennis T. Flynn Republican 1892
1894 (Lost)
1898		 Incumbent retired.
New delegate elected.
Republican hold.
  • Y Bird S. McGuire (Republican) 50.22%
  • William M. Cross (Democratic) 49.78%[4]

See also

Notes
  1. Three states held early elections between June 2 and September 18.
  2. Includes five vacancies.
  3. Includes 6 vacancies.
  4. Includes 3 Independent Republicans.
  5. Includes 1 "Anti-Machine" candidate.
  6. Additional seat elected at-large due to Colorado delaying redistricting.
  7. Election of 1900 saw the election of 1 Populist.
  8. There was one member of the Silver Republican Party faction elected in 1900, John F. Shafroth. Shafroth attempted to get elected as a Democrat in 1902, but his election was contested and overturned.
  9. Elections held early.
  10. Election of 1900 saw the election of 2 Populists in Nebraska.
  11. At-large seats eliminated in redistricting.

References
  1. "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved May 18, 2015.
  2. Martis, pp. 156–157.
  3. Apportionment Act of 1901
  4. "Our Campaigns - OK Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 04, 1902". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2020-06-25.

Bibliography
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