ZTE

ZTE Corporation
Formerly
 Zhongxing Telecommunication Equipment Corporation
Public
Traded as
SZSE: 000063(A share)
SEHK: 763(H share)
ISIN CNE000000TK5
CNE1000004Y2
Industry Telecommunications equipment
Networking equipment
Founded 1985 (1985) (as Zhongxing Semiconductor Co., Ltd.)
Founder Hou Weigui (Chinese: 侯為貴; pinyin: Hóu Wéiguì)
Headquarters 55 Hi-tech Road South
Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
518057
Area served
 Worldwide
Key people
 Yin Yimin (Chairman)
Zhao Xianming (President and Executive Director)[1]
Products Mobile phones, smartphones, tablet computers, hardware, software and services to telecommunications service providers and enterprises
Revenue Increase CN¥108.815 billion (2017)
Increase CN¥6.752 billion (2017)
Decrease CN¥903.4 million (2017)
Total assets Increase CN¥143.962 billion (2017)
Total equity Increase CN¥31.647 billion (2017)
Owner Zhongxingxin (30.34%)
Number of employees
 74,773 (2017)
Subsidiaries Nubia Technology (49.9%)
ZTEsoft
Zonergy
Website zte.com.cn
ztedevice.com
Footnotes / references
In consolidated financial statement;[1] shareholders' equity figure are excluding perpetual capital instrument
ZTE Corporation
Simplified Chinese 中兴通讯股份有限公司
Traditional Chinese 中興通訊股份有限公司
Literal meaning China-Prosperity Communications Company Limited by Shares
Alternative Chinese name
Simplified Chinese 中兴通讯
Traditional Chinese 中興通訊
Literal meaning China-Prosperity Communications
Second alternative Chinese name
Simplified Chinese 中兴
Traditional Chinese 中興
Literal meaning China-Prosperity [or the word itself: resurgence]

ZTE Corporation is a Chinese multinational telecommunications equipment and systems company headquartered in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. It is one of China's leading telecom equipment manufacturers.[2]

ZTE operates in three business units: carrier networks (54%), terminals (29%) and telecommunication (17%), their core products being wireless, exchange, access, optical transmission, and data telecommunications gear; mobile phones; and telecommunications software.[3]

It also offers products that provide value-added services,[4] such as video on demand and streaming media.[5] ZTE primarily sold products under its own name, but it is also an OEM.[6] ZTE is one of the top five largest smartphone manufacturers in its home market.[7]

As with Huawei, the company has faced criticism in the United States over potential ties to the Chinese government that could enable surveillance. In 2017, ZTE was fined for illegally exporting U.S. technology to Iran and North Korea. In April 2018, after the company failed to properly reprimand the employees involved, the U.S. Department of Commerce banned U.S. companies from exporting to ZTE for seven years. The ban was lifted in July after ZTE replaced its senior management, and agreed to pay additional fines and establish an internal compliance team.

History

ZTE, initially founded as Zhongxing Semiconductor Co., Ltd in Shenzhen, Guangdong province, in 1985, was incorporated by a group of investors associated with China's Ministry of Aerospace Industry.[8][9] In March 1993, Zhongxing Semiconductor changed its name to Zhongxing New Telecommunications Equipment Co., Ltd with capital of RMB 3 million, and created a new business model as a "state-owned and private-operating" economic entity. Ties to the state notwithstanding, the firm evolved into the publicly traded ZTE Corporation, having made an initial public offering (IPO) on the Shenzhen stock exchange in 1997 and another on the Hong Kong stock exchange in December 2004.[9]

While the company initially profited from domestic sales,[10] it vowed to use proceeds of its 2004 Hong Kong IPO to further expand R&D, overseas sales to developed nations, and overseas production.[11] Making headway in the international telecom market in 2006, it took 40% of new global orders for CDMA networks[12] topping the world CDMA equipment market by number of shipments.[13] That same year also saw ZTE find a customer in the Canadian Telus[14] and membership in the Wi-Fi Alliance.[15] More customers in developed nations soon followed Telus' lead, and in 2007 ZTE sold to UK's Vodafone, Spain's Telefonica, and the Australian Telstra,[14] in addition to garnering the greatest number of CDMA contracts globally.[16] By 2008 ZTE had achieved a global customer base, with sales in 140 countries.[14]

By 2009, the company had become the third-largest vendor of GSM telecom equipment worldwide, and about 20% of all GSM gear sold throughout the world that year was ZTE branded.[17] As of 2011 it holds around 7% of the key LTE patents[18] and that same year launched the world's first smartphone with dual GPS/GLONASS navigation, MTS 945. ZTE claims to devote 10% of its annual revenue to research and development, producing patents and utility licenses at a rapid pace.[19][20] ZTE has filed 48,000 patents globally, with more than 13,000 granted. In two consecutive years (2011 and 2012), ZTE was granted the largest number of patent applications globally,[21] which is a first for a Chinese company.[22]

U.S. sanctions and import ban

In March 2017, ZTE pleaded guilty to illegally exporting U.S. technology to Iran and North Korea in violation of trade sanctions, and was fined a total of US$1.19 billion by the U.S. Department of Commerce. It was the largest-ever U.S. fine for export control violations.[23][24]

ZTE was allowed to continue working with U.S. companies, provided that it properly reprimand all employees involved in the violations. However, the Department of Commerce found that ZTE had violated these terms and made false statements regarding its compliance, having fired only 4 senior officials and still providing bonuses to 35 other employees involved in the violations. On 16 April 2018, the Department of Commerce banned U.S. companies from providing exports to ZTE for seven years.[25][26][27] At least 25% of components on recent ZTE smartphones originate from the U.S.. The ban prevents ZTE from using common Qualcomm processors, and certified Android devices with Google Mobile Services software.[28][29] An analyst stated that it would take a significant amount of effort for ZTE to redesign its products as to not use U.S.-originated components.[30]

On 9 May 2018, ZTE announced that, although it was "actively communicating with the relevant U.S. government departments" to reverse the export ban, it had suspended its "major operating activities" (including manufacturing) and trading of its shares.[29][31] On 13 May 2018, U.S. president Donald Trump stated that he would be working with Chinese president Xi Jinping to reverse the ban.[32] It was argued that the export ban was being used as leverage by the United States as part of an ongoing trade dispute with China.[33][34] On 7 June 2018, ZTE agreed to a settlement with the Department of Commerce in order to lift the import ban. The company agreed to pay a US$1 billion fine, place an additional US$400 million of suspended penalty money in escrow, replace its entire senior management, and establish a compliance department selected by the Department.[35]

Later that month, the U.S. Senate passed a version of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 that blocked the settlement, and banned the federal government from purchasing equipment from Huawei and ZTE (citing them as national security risks due to risks of Chinese government surveillance). The settlement was criticized by Senators as being "personal favours" between Trump and the Chinese government, as the Chinese government issued a loan for an Indonesian theme park project with a Trump golf course following the May 2018 announcement.[36][37] However, the House version of the bill, signed by Trump, did not include the provision blocking the settlement, but still included the ban on federal purchase of Huawei and ZTE products.[38]

On 13 July 2018, the denial order was officially lifted.[39][40][41][42]

Subsidiaries

The ZTE Tower in Shenzhen

ZTE has several international subsidiaries.

ZTEsoft Technology

As a subsidiary of ZTE Corporation, ZTEsoft engages in ICT industry and specializes in providing BSS/OSS, big data products and services to telecom operators, and ICT, smart city and industry products and services to enterprises and governments.

Nubia Technology

Nubia Technology was a fully owned subsidiary of ZTE Corporation. The company has subsequently disposed of the majority of its equity in the company. In 2017 it reduced its stake to 49.9%.[43]

PT. ZTE Indonesia

PT ZTE Indonesia were representative of ZTE with has many customer with PT Telkom Indonesia tbk, PT Telekomunikasi Seluler tbk, PT Indosat tbk, PT Smartfren tbk, PT XL Axiata, and also supply hand held with ZTE Trademarks.

ZTE (Australia) Pty Ltd

ZTE entered the Australian market in 2005,[44] and as of 2009 ZTE (Australia) Pty Ltd[45] acts as the exclusive supplier of ZTE handsets, network cards, and as OEM Supplier to customers, such as Telstra, and Optus in Australia.

ZTE Deutschland GmbH

ZTE Deutschland GmbH was founded in 2005 with headquarters in Düsseldorf; it, as of 2008, had hired 50 people, 60% of whom were recruited locally.[46] ZTE Deutschland GmbH partners with German football club Borussia Mönchengladbach for the seasons of 2016/17 and 2017/18.[47]

ZTE USA Inc

A North American subsidiary of ZTE,[48] with headquarters in Richardson, Texas,[49] ZTE USA Inc offers wireless handset and networking products in the US. ZTE USA partnered with NBA's Houston Rockets for the season of 2013–2014.[48]

ZTE Telecom India Pvt Ltd

ZTE Telecom India Private Limited provides distributes telecom equipment and systems. The company also provides repair, support, and maintenance services for its telecom equipment. ZTE Telecom India Private Limited was formerly known as ZTE Kangxun Telecom Company India Private Limited. The company was founded in 2003 and is based in Gurgaon, India.

ZTE (HK) Ltd

ZTE (Hong Kong) Ltd. (China) serves in such areas as global contract manufacturing.

ZTE do Brasil Ltda.

ZTE do Brasil Ltda. was founded in 2002 with headquarters in São Paulo and offices in Rio de Janeiro and Brasília; providing mobile devices and network products for the Brazilian market.

ZTE Myanmar

ZTE Myanmar is also a fully owned subsidiary of ZTE Corporation.

Zonergy

Zonergy is a renewables company with interests in electricity generation through solar parks in China and Pakistan and palm oil cultivation in Indonesia to produce biofuels. ZTE is a major shareholder and was instrumental in the creation of the company in 2007 but holds a minority of the shares in the entity.[50]

ZTEsoft Technology India Pvt. Ltd.

As a subsidiary of ZTE Corporation, ZTEsoft India engages in ICT industry and specializes in providing BSS/OSS, big data products and services to telecom operators, and ICT, smart city solutions and industry products and services to enterprises and governments. Company has several tie-ups with regional governments for implementation of smart city solutions.

ZTEsoft Singapore Technology Pte. Ltd.

As a subsidiary of ZTE Corporation, ZTEsoft Singapore engages in ICT industry and specializes in providing BSS/OSS, big data products and services to telecom operators, and ICT, smart city solutions and industry products and services to enterprises and governments.

S.C. ZTE Romania S.R.L.

ZTE Romania is a fully owned subsidiary of ZTE Corporation, which located in Bucharest.

Products

A ZTE Blade S6 Plus

ZTE operates in three business segments – Carrier Networks(~54%)-Terminals(~29%)-Telecommunication(~17%) Products can be roughly arranged into three categories: equipment used by network operators (links and nodes, etc.), equipment used to access networks (terminals), and services, which includes software.[51] On October 2010, ZTE's unified encryption module received U.S./Canada FIPS140-2 security certification,[52][53] which made ZTE the first vendor from P.R. China to successfully validate modules according to the NIST FIPS140-2 standard under the CMVP program.[54]

Consumer electronics

Mobile phones

As of 2012, ZTE is the 4th largest mobile phone vendor.[55] It also placed fifth on IDC's smartphone vendor leaderboard.[56][57] Strategy Analytics counts ZTE as 4th largest smartphone vendor (5% market share) in 2Q2013.[58] It also manufactures tablets.[59][60][61]

In November 2017, ZTE announced the Axon M.[62][63] The two screens can run separate applications, or spread one app over the combined display size of 6.75-inches.[64][65] The second screen also works as a kickstand.[66][67]

Mobile Hotspots

The MF60 and MF80 4G mobile hotspots were announced in August 2011.[68]

Windows Phone

At Mobile World Congress 2014 in Spain, Microsoft announced that ZTE is the latest hardware partner of Windows Phone platform.[69]

Network Operators Equipment, Network Nodes and Network Elements

ZTE is also a provider of Core Routing and Core Network equipment, also known as Network Elements such as:

Customers

ZTE booth at Mobile World Congress 2015 in Barcelona

A good number of ZTE's customers are outside of China. During the 2000s, the majority were developing country mobile network operators, but ZTE products see use in developed countries as well. The UK's Vodafone, Canadian Telus, Australia's Telstra, as well as France Telecom have all purchased equipment from ZTE.[70]

Many Chinese companies are also ZTE customers, including China Netcom,[71] China Mobile,[72] China Satcom,[73] China Telecom,[74] and China Unicom.[4][75]

ZTE began to release smartphones in the United States in 2011. The company elected to focus its efforts on low-cost products for discount and prepaid wireless carriers, including devices with premium features typically associated with high-end products, such as large high-resolution screens and fingerprint readers.[31]

Sponsorship

In May 2016, ZTE became the co-sponsor of German club Borussia Mönchengladbach,[76] and its Nubia Technology brand signed footballer Cristiano Ronaldo as a brand ambassador for a reported fee of $4 million.[77]

Since 2015, taking advantage of the league's appeal in China, several U.S. National Basketball Association teams have had sponsorship deals with ZTE, including the Houston Rockets (based in the home city of ZTE's U.S. subsidiary), Golden State Warriors, and New York Knicks.[78][79]

Controversies

Bribes for contracts

Norway

Norwegian telecommunications giant Telenor, one of the world's largest mobile operators, banned ZTE from "participating in tenders and new business opportunities for 6 months because of an alleged breach of its code of conduct in a procurement proceeding" during a five-month time span ending in March 2009.[80]

Philippines

Contract negotiations to build a broadband network for the Philippine government may have included improper activities.[81] The project was later cancelled.[81]

Surveillance system sale

In December 2010, ZTE sold systems for eavesdropping on phone and Internet communications to the government-controlled Telecommunication Company of Iran. This system may help Iran monitor and track political dissidents.[82]

Security

At least one ZTE mobile phone (sold as the ZTE Score in the United States by Cricket and MetroPCS) can be remotely accessed by anyone with an easily obtained password.[55]

ZTE, as well as Huawei, have faced scrutiny by the U.S. federal government over allegations that Chinese government surveillance could be performed through its handsets and infrastructure equipment.[83] In 2011, the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence issued a report recommending that the government be prohibited from purchasing equipment from the firms, citing them as possible threats to national security.[84][85][86] Formal provisions for such a ban were incorporated into a defence funding bill passed in August 2018.[38]

Shareholders

As of 31 December 2017, Zhongxing Xin (Chinese: 中興新; literally: "Zhongxing New"; aka ZTE Holdings), an intermediate holding company, owned 30.34% stake of ZTE.[1]:110–112

The shareholders of ZTE Holdings were Xi'an Microelectronics (Chinese: 西安微电子技术研究所; a subsidiary of China Academy of Aerospace Electronics Technology) for 34%, Aerospace Guangyu (Chinese: 深圳航天广宇工业有限公司; a subsidiary of CASIC Shenzhen Group) for 14.5%, Zhongxing WXT (Chinese: 深圳市中兴维先通设备有限公司; aka Zhongxing Weixiantong) for 49% and a private equity fund Guoxing Ruike (Chinese: 國興睿科) for 2.5%.[87]:87 The first two entities were state-owned enterprise, nominating 5 out 9 directors of ZTE Holdings, while Zhongxing WXT was owned by the founders of ZTE, including Hou Weigui, which Zhongxing WXT nominated the rest of the directors (4 out 9) of ZTE Holdings.[1]:110–112

The mixed ownership model of ZTE was described as "a firm is an SOE from the standpoint of ownership, but a POE from the standpoint of management.", according to an article of Curtis J. Milhaupt and Zheng Wentong of Columbia University,[88] ZTE described itself as "state-owned and private-run".[89] Other media and organizations simply described ZTE as "the state-owned company" (South China Morning Post)[90] or "Chinese state-owned business" (Financial Times quoting the National Cyber Security Centre).[91]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Annual Report 2017" (PDF). ZTE. 26 March 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  2. ↑ "ZTE to reach an amicable settlement with U.S. government". Peoples Daily. 14 February 2017. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
  3. ↑ Product Portfolio ZTE
  4. 1 2 ZTE Secures More than Half of China Unicom GSM Value-Added Service System 2008 Tender ZTE, 15 December 2008
  5. ↑ ZTE Corp's Company Description Bloomberg BusinessWeek
  6. ↑ UPDATE 3-LSI sees second half better than first reuters.com, Wed 26 January 2011 9:14 pm EST
  7. ↑ For top five in China, see "Apple Competes for Bigger Slice of China's Smartphone Market Share." Khaleej Times (Dubai, United Arab Emirates). Al Bawaba (Middle East) Ltd. 2014. 22 May. 2014
  8. ↑ McKenzie, Nick; Grigg, Angus (May 31, 2018). "China's ZTE was built to spy and bribe, court documents allege". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on May 31, 2018. Retrieved June 1, 2018.
  9. 1 2 20 Years History of ZTE Corporation by Mr. Huang Guo in 2005
  10. ↑ UPDATE 1-ZTE says 2010 net profit up 32 pct on better sales reuters.com, Thu 27 January 2011
  11. ↑ A Global Telecom Titan Called...ZTE? Bloomberg BusinessWeek, 7 March 2005
  12. ↑ China-based Huawei and Murali make headway in global telecom market DigiTimes.com. 9 March 2007
  13. ↑ ZTE tops 2006 international CDMA market. CIOL Bureau. 8 March 2007
  14. 1 2 3 "History". ZTE.
  15. ↑ ZTE joins Wi-Fi Alliance----- one of the first Chinese members ZTE, 30 August 2006
  16. ↑ ZTE Tops 2007 Global CDMA Market ZTE, 30 January 2008
  17. ↑ INTERVIEW-China's ZTE aims for fifth of global GSM gear market reuters.com, Tue 17 November 2009 10:53 pm EST
  18. ↑ China's ZTE targets 10 pct of LTE patents reuters, 11 January 2011
  19. ↑ "ZTE Ranked World No. 1 in Patent Applications for Second Straight Year". CNBC. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  20. ↑ Strong Growth in Demand for Intellectual Property Rights in 2012
  21. ↑ International Patent Filings Set New Record in 2011
  22. ↑ Yahoo reported ZTE as first Chinese company to rank No.1 in global patent applications
  23. ↑ Pettypiece, Shannon; Mayeda, Andrew (7 March 2017). "China's ZTE Pleads Guilty in U.S. on Iran Sanctions Settlement". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 7 March 2017. (Subscription required (help)).
  24. ↑ Brant, Tom (7 March 2017). "ZTE Will Pay Record Fine for Sales to Iran, North Korea". PC Magazine. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
  25. ↑ "Secretary Ross Announces Activation of ZTE Denial Order in Response to Repeated False Statements to the U.S. Government". Department of Commerce. 16 April 2018. Archived from the original on 16 April 2018. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
  26. ↑ Heater, Brian (16 April 2018). "U.S. companies banned from selling components to ZTE". TechCrunch. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
  27. ↑ Liao, Shannon (16 April 2018). "ZTE can no longer buy Qualcomm chips after US ban". The Verge. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
  28. ↑ Gurman, Mark (17 April 2018). "ZTE Seeks Fix With U.S. Ban Threatening Access to Android". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  29. 1 2 Lee, Timothy B. (10 May 2018). "The Trump administration just forced smartphone maker ZTE to shut down". Ars Technica. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
  30. ↑ Kuo, Lily (10 May 2018). "China's ZTE may be first major casualty of trade war with US". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
  31. 1 2 Zhong, Raymond (9 May 2018). "Chinese Tech Giant on Brink of Collapse in New U.S. Cold War". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
  32. ↑ Collins, Michael (13 May 2018). "President Trump pledges to help ZTE, Chinese maker of budget-friendly phones, after ban". USA Today. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
  33. ↑ Horowitz, Julia. "Companies become bargaining chips in US-China trade turmoil". CNNMoney. Retrieved 2018-05-28.
  34. ↑ Russolillo, Steven; Xie, Stella Yifan (2018-05-28). "ZTE's Suspended Stock: 'A Headache for All Market Participants'". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2018-05-28.
  35. ↑ "Confirmed: ZTE to reopen after $1 billion fine, new leadership [Updated]". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2018-10-01.
  36. ↑ "Senate rejects Trump's plan to lift ZTE export ban". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2018-10-01.
  37. ↑ "China Contributing $500 Million to Trump-Linked Project in Indonesia". National Review. 2018-05-14. Retrieved 2018-10-01.
  38. 1 2 "New law bans US gov't from buying tech from Chinese giants ZTE and Huawei". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2018-10-01.
  39. ↑ "The U.S. and ZTE reach a deal that will lift export ban". TechCrunch. Retrieved 2018-07-14.
  40. ↑ "Commerce Department Lifts Ban After ZTE Deposits Final Tranche of $1.4 Billion Penalty". US Department of Commerce. 13 July 2018. Retrieved 13 July 2018.
  41. ↑ "US lifts trade ban on ZTE in controversial deal with Chinese phone maker". The Verge. Retrieved 2018-07-14.
  42. ↑ "ZTE's new management vows to uphold compliance as a top priority". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 2018-07-14.
  43. ↑ Disposal of 10.1% of the equity interest in Nubia Technology Limited, ZTE Corporation, 27 July 2017, Retrieved on 8 April 2018
  44. ↑ About ZTE ZTE Australia Official Site
  45. ↑ Global Sales Offices > Asia Pacific ZTE
  46. ↑ ZTE opens new office in Bonn, Germany ZTE, 18 November 2008
  47. ↑ ZTE Becomes Co-Sponsor of Top German Football Team Borussia Mönchengladbach
  48. 1 2 Pocket Communications Launches ZTE's Tri-Band C79 and C78 ZTE,2009-04-02
  49. ↑ ZTE Opens LTE Laboratory in North America ZTE, 20 October 2009
  50. ↑ Brautigam, Deborah (2015). Will Africa Feed China?. New York: Oxford University Press.
  51. ↑ "ZTE Corp (ZTCOF.PK): Overview; Full description". Reuters. Retrieved 13 May 2012.
  52. ↑ ZTE Unified Platform Cryptographic Library Version 1.1
  53. ↑ ZTE Unified Element Management Platform Cryptographic Module Version 4.11.10
  54. ↑ ATSEC participated in ZTE products security evaluations
  55. 1 2 Wagstaff, Jeremy; Yee, Lee Chyen (18 May 2012). "ZTE confirms security hole in U.S. phone". Reuters. Retrieved 20 May 2012.
  56. ↑ IDC: Samsung extends lead over Apple while Chinese vendors increase influence
  57. ↑ IDC: Growth Accelerates in the Worldwide Mobile Phone and Smartphone Markets in the second Quarter, 2013 Archived 26 June 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
  58. ↑ Strategy Analytics: Global Smartphone shipments Hit Record 230 Million Units in Q2 2013
  59. ↑ ZTE Launches Two Android Tablets: Dual-core Z-pad and Android 3.0 V11 at MWC
  60. ↑ ZTE V9 Android tablet revealed androidcommunity.com, 12 October 2010
  61. ↑ V9 product page ZTE
  62. ↑ Unbox Therapy (8 November 2017). "The Dual Screen, Foldable Smartphone Is REAL!" – via YouTube.
  63. ↑ "Watch how ZTE Axon M's dual screen transforms your daily smartphone habits". TechRadar. 20 November 2017.
  64. ↑ Gartenberg, Chaim (17 November 2017). "ZTE Axon M review: double trouble". The Verge.
  65. ↑ "Foldable ZTE Axon M is official with dual touchscreens". GSMArena. 17 October 2017. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  66. ↑ Velazco, Chris (30 November 2017). "ZTE's dual-screen Axon M is fascinating and flawed". Engadget. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  67. ↑ Ali, Zara (17 October 2017). "ZTE Launches 'Axon M' The First Dual-Screen Foldable Smartphone". Wccftech.
  68. ↑ "ZTE to Launch Dongle that Connects Users within 15 Seconds". ZTE. 25 August 2011. Archived from the original on 27 June 2012.
  69. ↑ Collins, Mark (23 February 2014). "Microsoft Announces ZTE As New Windows Phone Hardware Partner". GSM Insider. Archived from the original on 6 March 2014.
  70. ↑ For Vodafone and France Telecom sales, see ZTE Wins China Mobile WAP Expansion Contract ZTE, 16 October 2007
  71. ↑ China Netcom´s first IPTV agreement confirms ZTE as major international IPTV network provider ZTE, 30 August 2006
  72. ↑ ZTE to Install the World´s Largest Optical Transmission Network ZTE, 30 August 2006
  73. ↑ ZTE and China Satcom to provide GoTa network for China´s 10th National Games ZTE, 30 August 2006
  74. ↑ ZTE Bags Major Value Added Services Contracts in China ZTE, 2006/11/14
  75. ↑
  76. ↑ "Chinese brand ZTE becomes co-sponsor of Borussia Mönchengladbach". GSM Insider. 22 May 2016.
  77. ↑ "Chinese brand Nubia signs Cristiano Ronaldo as brand ambassador". GSM Insider. 22 May 2016.
  78. ↑ "NBA team goes full court for Lunar New Year". China Daily. Retrieved 2018-05-10.
  79. ↑ "ZTE Looks to NBA Team Sponsorships for Marketing Assist". Recode. Retrieved 2018-05-10.
  80. ↑ Norway's telco giant bans ZTE for 6 months abs-cbnnews.com, 21 October 2008
  81. 1 2 Arroyo suspends telecoms deal with Chinese firm reuters.com, 22 September 2007
  82. ↑ Stecklow, Steve (22 March 2012). "Special Report: Chinese firm helps Iran spy on citizens". Reuters. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
  83. ↑ Salinas, Sara (2018-02-13). "Six top US intelligence chiefs caution against buying Huawei phones". CNBC. Retrieved 2018-02-15.
  84. ↑ Schmidt, Michael S.; Bradsher, Keith; Hauser, Christine (2012-10-08). "U.S. Panel Calls Huawei and ZTE 'National Security Threat'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-04-16.
  85. ↑ "U.S. intelligence agencies are still warning against buying Huawei and ZTE phones". TechCrunch. Retrieved 2018-04-16.
  86. ↑ "A new bill would ban the US government from using Huawei and ZTE phones". The Verge. Retrieved 2018-04-16.
  87. ↑ "Niándù bàogào 2017" 年度報告2017 [Annual Report 2017] (PDF) (in Chinese). ZTE – via Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing website.
  88. ↑ Milhaupt, Curtis J.; Zheng, Wentong. "Beyond Ownership: State Capitalism and the Chinese Firm". Columbia University. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
  89. ↑ Huang Guo (2005). "20 Years History of ZTE Corporation". ZTE.
  90. ↑ "China-US ZTE deal – the calm before the storm". South China Morning Post. Hong Kong. 15 June 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2018.
  91. ↑ "Cyber security watchdog warns UK telcos against using equipment from Chinese supplier ZTE". Financial Times. London. 16 April 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2018.
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