Springdale, Arkansas

Springdale, Arkansas
City
Clockwise from top: The Northwest Arkansas Naturals playing in Arvest Ballpark, the Shiloh Museum of Ozark History, Emma Avenue, Old Springdale High School, Tyson Foods World Headquarters

Seal
Nickname(s): The Poultry Capital Of The World[1][2]

Location of Springdale in Benton County and Washington County, Arkansas.
Springdale, Arkansas
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 36°10′53″N 94°8′45″W / 36.18139°N 94.14583°W / 36.18139; -94.14583Coordinates: 36°10′53″N 94°8′45″W / 36.18139°N 94.14583°W / 36.18139; -94.14583
Country United States
State Arkansas
Counties Washington, Benton
Founded 1838
Government
 • Type Mayor-City council
 • Mayor Doug Sprouse
Area[3]
 • Total 47.29 sq mi (122.47 km2)
 • Land 46.79 sq mi (121.19 km2)
 • Water 0.50 sq mi (1.29 km2)
Elevation 1,322 ft (403 m)
Population (2010)
 • Total 69,797
 • Estimate (2017)[4] 79,599
 • Density 1,701.16/sq mi (656.82/km2)
Time zone UTC−6 (Central (CST))
 • Summer (DST) UTC−5 (CDT)
ZIP codes 72762, 72764-66
Area code(s) 479
FIPS code 05-66080
GNIS feature ID 0078436
Website www.springdalear.gov

Springdale is the fourth-largest city in Arkansas, United States. It is located in both Washington and Benton counties in Northwest Arkansas. Located on the Springfield Plateau deep in the Ozark Mountains, Springdale has long been an important industrial city for the region.[5] In addition to several trucking companies, the city is home to the world headquarters of Tyson Foods, the world's largest meat producing company.[6] Originally named Shiloh, the city changed its name to Springdale when applying for a post office in 1872.[5] The four-county Northwest Arkansas Metropolitan Statistical Area is ranked 109th in terms of population in the United States with 463,204 in 2010 according to the United States Census Bureau. The city had a population of 69,797 at the 2010 Census.[7]

Springdale has been experiencing a population boom in recent years, as indicated by a 133% growth in population between the 1990 and 2010 censuses.[5] During this period of rapid growth, the city has seen a new Shiloh Museum of Ozark History, the establishment of a Springdale campus of Northwest Arkansas Community College and the Northwest Arkansas Naturals minor league baseball team move into Arvest Ballpark. Tyson remains the city's top employer, and is visible throughout the city. Many public features bear the Tyson name, including the Randal Tyson Recreational Complex, Don Tyson Parkway, Helen Tyson Middle School, John Tyson Elementary and Don Tyson School of Innovation. Governor Mike Beebe signed an act into law recognizing Springdale as "The Poultry Capital Of The World" in 2013.[1][2]

History

Springdale was originally called "Shiloh", after the local Shiloh church, and under the latter name was platted in 1866.[8] In 1878, the town was incorporated with the name of Springdale.[9]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 108.9 square miles (282 km2), of which, 108.3 square miles (280 km2) of it is land and 0.7 square miles (1.8 km2) of it, or 0.62%, is water.[7] The city limits extend north into southern Benton County. Springdale is bordered by the cities of Cave Springs, Lowell, and Bethel Heights to the north, by Elm Springs and Tontitown to the west, and by Johnson and Fayetteville to the south.

The city is located in both Benton and Washington counties along Interstate 49/US Highway 62/US Highway 71 (I-49/US 62/US 71).[10] This is the only fully controlled access route through the area, which replaced the winding US 71 (now US 71B) in the 1990s.[11] An interstate connection with Fort Smith to the south and Kansas City, Missouri to the north has greatly helped to grow Springdale.[5] Within Washington County, Springdale is bordered along the south by Fayetteville and Johnson. In some locations, this transition is seamless.[11] The city extends west and east along Highway 412 toward Tontitown and Beaver Lake, respectively.[11]

Geology

Springdale is located on the Springfield Plateau, a subset of The Ozarks which run through northwest Arkansas, southern Missouri, and Northeastern Oklahoma.[12] In the Springdale area, sandstones and shales were deposited on top of the Springfield Plateau during the Pennsylvanian Period. These were eroded after the Ouachita orogeny and uplift, exposing Mississippian limestone formations of the Springfield Plateau visible today.

Metropolitan area

The Fayetteville–Springdale–Rogers Metropolitan Area consists of three Arkansas counties: Benton, Madison, and Washington, and McDonald County, Missouri.[13] The area had a population of 347,045 at the 2000 census which had increased to 463,204 by the 2010 Census (an increase of 33.47 per cent).

Climate

Springdale lies in the humid subtropical climate zone (Köppen Cfa) with influence from the humid continental climate type. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters.

July is the hottest month of the year, with an average high of 89 °F (32 °C) and an average low of 69 °F (21 °C). Temperatures above 100 °F (38 °C) are uncommon but not rare, occurring on average twice a year, with 57 days over 90 °F (32 °C) annually. January is the coldest month with an average high of 46 °F (8 °C) and an average low of 26 °F (−3 °C). The city's highest temperature was 111 °F (43.9 °C), recorded in 1954. The lowest temperature recorded was −24 °F (−31 °C), in 1899.[14][15] Precipitation is weakly seasonal, with a bimodal pattern: wet seasons in the spring and fall, and relatively drier summers and winters, but some rain in all months.

Climate data for Springdale, Arkansas (1981–2010 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 76
(24)		 86
(30)		 96
(36)		 96
(36)		 95
(35)		 104
(40)		 111
(44)		 109
(43)		 105
(41)		 96
(36)		 90
(32)		 78
(26)		 111
(44)
Average high °F (°C) 46
(8)		 51
(11)		 59
(15)		 69
(21)		 76
(24)		 84
(29)		 89
(32)		 89
(32)		 81
(27)		 70
(21)		 59
(15)		 48
(9)		 68.4
(20.2)
Average low °F (°C) 26
(−3)		 30
(−1)		 38
(3)		 47
(8)		 56
(13)		 65
(18)		 69
(21)		 68
(20)		 59
(15)		 47
(8)		 38
(3)		 29
(−2)		 47.6
(8.7)
Record low °F (°C) −23
(−31)		 −24
(−31)		 −11
(−24)		 18
(−8)		 28
(−2)		 41
(5)		 48
(9)		 44
(7)		 29
(−2)		 17
(−8)		 5
(−15)		 −12
(−24)		 −24
(−31)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 2.55
(64.8)		 2.49
(63.2)		 4.02
(102.1)		 4.30
(109.2)		 4.20
(106.7)		 4.77
(121.2)		 3.22
(81.8)		 3.05
(77.5)		 4.56
(115.8)		 4.10
(104.1)		 4.33
(110)		 3.04
(77.2)		 44.63
(1,133.6)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 3.0
(7.6)		 2.7
(6.9)		 1.2
(3)		 0.1
(0.3)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0.7
(1.8)		 0.9
(2.3)		 8.6
(21.8)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 5.1 6.6 6.5 7.1 7.9 7.4 8.1 5.8 5.6 5.0 4.8 4.9 74.8
Average relative humidity (%) 72 67 62 63 71 71 71 71 69 70 64 68 68
Source #1: The Weather Channel[14]
Source #2: Weather Base, Used for precipitation days and humidity; 11 years of data available.[15]

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.%±
1880249—
18901,146360.2%
19001,2519.2%
19101,75540.3%
19202,26328.9%
19302,76322.1%
19403,31920.1%
19505,83575.8%
196010,07672.7%
197016,78366.6%
198023,45839.8%
199029,94127.6%
200045,79853.0%
201069,79752.4%
Est. 201779,599[4]14.0%
Encyclopedia of Arkansas
History and Culture[5]

As of the census[16] of 2010, there were 69,797 people, 22,805 households, and 16,640 families residing in the city. The racial makeup of the city was 64.7% White, 1.8% Black or black, 1.8% Native American, 2.0% Asian, 5.7% Pacific Islander, 22% from other races, and 2.9% from two or more races. 35.4% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 22,678 households out of which 41.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.0% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.0% were non-families. 21.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.02 and the average family size was 3.54.

The median income for a household in the city was $26,523, and the median income for a family was $46,407. Males had a median income of $31,495 versus $26,492 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,645. 21.3% of the population and 17.4% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 33.6% of those under the age of 18 and 6.3% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.[17]

56.8% of Springdale's population describes themselves as religious, slightly above the national average of 48.8%.[18] 25.6% of people in Springdale who describe themselves as having a religion are Baptist (14.5% of the city's total population). 12.5% of people holding a religion are Catholic (7.1% of the city's total population). There are also higher proportions of Methodists, Episcopalians, and Pentecostals above the national average.[18]

The city is home to the largest community of Marshall Islanders in the United States, which dates to the 1980s, when one Marshall Islander arrived in the city to work for Tyson Foods and subsequently spread word of plentiful jobs to others in the islands. The Marshall Islands opened a consulate in the city in 2008.[19]

2000 Census

There were 22,805 households, out of which 46.0% had individuals under 18 living with them, 53.0% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.0% were non-families. 21.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.02, and the average family size was 3.54.

In the city, the population had a median age was 29.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.8 males.

2010 Census

The Asian Amigo Supermarket represents the intersection of Asian and Hispanic populations in Springdale.

According to the 2010 US Census, the total population was 69,797. Of this, 45,185 (64.74%) were White, 15,332 (21.97%) were some other race, 3,976 (5.70%) were Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islanders, 2,011 (2.88%) were two or more races, 1,363 (1.95%) were Asian, 1,251 (1.79%) were Black or African American, 679 (0.97%) were American Indian or Alaska Native. 24,592 (35.38%) were Hispanic or Latino (of any race)[20]

Economy

Top Employers
Springdale Chamber of Commerce[21]
# Employer # of Employees
1 Tyson Foods 4,300
2 George's 2,500
3 Springdale Public Schools 2,235
4 Cargill Meat Solutions 1,200
5 Northwest Medical Center-Springdale 900
6 Rockline Industries 535
7 A.E.R.T. 500
8 Harps Food Stores 495
9 Kawneer 465
10 Multi-Craft Contractors 400

Region

The economy of Northwest Arkansas was historically based upon agriculture and poultry. In recent decades, Northwest Arkansas has seen rapid growth and diversification of its economy based upon the three Fortune 500 companies based there—Walmart, Tyson Foods, and J.B. Hunt—while also seeing a growing University of Arkansas and cultural amenities sector. Although impacted by the Great Recession, Northwest Arkansas' economy fared better than most peer metropolitan areas, the state of Arkansas and the United States overall. Between 2007 and 2013, the region saw unemployment rates significantly below those of peer regions and the national average; while also seeing a 1% net growth of jobs. The region's gross domestic product grew 7.0% over the aforementioned time period and bankruptcies, building permits, and per capita incomes are returning to pre-Recession rates.[22]

The professional, education, and health care sectors of Northwest Arkansas' economy have been growing steadily since 2007. Between 2007 and 2013, the region has seen a growth of 8,300 jobs in the region, with 6,100 added in education and health professions and 4,300 jobs added in the leisure and hospitality jobs related to the region's cultural amenities.[22] The government and transportation sectors have remained relatively constant between 2007 and 2013, however the manufacturing sector has seen steady decline, mirroring national averages. The construction and real estate sectors saw large declines attributable to the poor housing market during the economic downturn.

City

Tyson World Headquarters

Springdale has a robust poultry processing industry, including large hatcheries and/or processing plants owned and operated by Tyson Foods, Cargill, and George's throughout the city. Since Tyson Foods and George's are based in the city, a host of administrative/executive/support staff is also employed in Springdale to support these large operations. Springdale also has a variety of industrial/manufacturing employers present in the city, including Apex Tool Group, Ball Corporation, Brunner & Lay, Dayco Products, and Pratt & Whitney. This strong industrial sector differentiates the city among the four large principal cities of Northwest Arkansas. Technology is a growing sector in the city; The 34 acres (14 ha) Springdale Technology Park at the intersection of Huntsville and Monitor Roads is home to NanoMech, Arkansas's first nanomanufacturer. The Tyson Foods Discovery Center and Tyson Data Center (under construction), both located on the Tyson HQ Main Campus, integrate poultry science and technology; this is a symbiosis reflective of Springdale's economic past and future.[23]

Government

Mayor–city council

Springdale operates within the mayor-city council form of government. The mayor is elected by a citywide election to serve as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the city by presiding over all city functions, policies, rules and laws. Once elected, the mayor also allocates duties to city employees. Mayors serve four-year terms and can serve unlimited terms. The city council consists of eight members who together form the legislative body for the city. Also included in the council's duties is balancing the city's budget and passing ordinances. The body also controls the representatives of specialized city commissions underneath their jurisdiction. Two members are elected from each of the city's four wards.[24] The Council meets every second and fourth Tuesday of the month at the City Administration Building.

Citizen boards, commissions, and committees

Citizen input is welcomed through the use of various specialized groups. Positions are appointed by the Mayor and approved by the City Council. Commissions include:

  • Springdale Advertising and Promotion Commission
  • Springdale Airport Commission
  • Springdale Civil Service Commission
  • Springdale Planning Commission
  • Springdale Water and Sewer Commission

The Springdale Housing Authority and Springdale Public Facilities Board also help direct the City of Springdale on matters within their purview.

Education

Springdale High School

Springdale Public Schools make up the second-largest school district in Arkansas, providing educational services to over 21,000 students on 29 campuses in the city. Pre-kindergarten, seventeen elementary schools, four middle schools, Springdale High School, Har-Ber High School, and the Don Tyson School of Innovation constitute the district. The district offers a variety of programs, including International Baccalaurate Programme and the (Environmental and Spatial Technology) EAST Initiative. College prep programs (academies) for Engineering and Architecture, IT, Law and Public Safety, and Medical Profession Education allow students to begin specialized instruction.

Shiloh Christian School is a private school founded in 1976 by the First Baptist Church of Springdale, now named Cross Church. It is fully accredited by the Association of Christian Schools International and Arkansas Nonpublic School Accrediting Association. The PreK-12 student body is approximately 900 students.

A Catholic school, St. Raphael School, operated in Springdale until its 2013 closure.[25]

Springdale has a campus of the Northwest Arkansas Community College (NWACC). This two-year public community college provides associate degrees and non-credit courses.

Ecclesia College is a small religious work college accredited through the Association for Biblical Higher Education located in western Springdale.

The Northwest Technical Institute (NTI) provides occupational training for residents of Springdale and northwest Arkansas. NTI also has an Adult Education Center where students earn GEDs, study English as a foreign language, and study to apply for US citizenship.

South of Springdale in Fayetteville, Arkansas is the University of Arkansas. The flagship institution of the University of Arkansas System, it is the largest degree-granting institution in Arkansas, with over 200 degree programs. John Brown University, a private interdenominational Christian liberal arts college, is west of Springdale in Siloam Springs, Arkansas.

Sports

Left: NWA Naturals playing in Arvest Ballpark.
Right: Bull riding in Parsons Stadium

Springdale is home to the Northwest Arkansas Naturals, the minor league baseball team of the Texas League. The team, formerly known as the Wichita Wranglers, relocated in 2008 upon completion of Arvest Ballpark.[26] The stadium has 6,500 seats and additional grass berm seating as well as suites and event space for private events. Approximately 70 Naturals home games are played in the stadium every year. In 2013, Arvest Ballpark hosted the 77th annual Texas League All-Star Game.

Parsons Stadium in eastern Springdale is host to many events throughout the year, most notably the Rodeo of the Ozarks. This four-day event began in Springdale in 1944 and brings professional cowboys and cowgirls to the city for one of the nation's top outdoor rodeos. Always hosted on Independence Day weekend, the event brings a parade, the Miss Rodeo of the Ozarks Pageant, and the Grand Entrance to the stadium. It also hosts Buckin' in the Ozarks (a Professional Bull Riders [PBR] event), Arenacross (a motocross competition with professional and amateur exhibitions) during Bikes Blues and BBQ weekend and other motorized exhibitions.

Infrastructure

Transportation

Major highways

The major through route in Springdale is Interstate 49/US 71/US 62 (the concurrent routes are unsigned and thus the route is simply known as I-49 in Springdale). This fully controlled access, four-lane expressway is a discontinuous piece of a route ultimately planned to connect Kansas City, Missouri to New Orleans, Louisiana. Formerly designated as Interstate 540 with the re-designation as Interstate 49 being granted by the U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration in 2014,[27] the highway became the first freeway in the area when it was completed in the 1990s to relieve the former US 71 (now US 71B) of a much-increased demand of through travelers following the unanticipated and rapid growth of Northwest Arkansas. Future plans for the I-49 corridor include completion of a freeway segment through the Ouachita Mountains to Texarkana and completion of a Bella Vista Bypass to the north.

US 412 and US 71B briefly overlap in Springdale along Thompson Avenue

Major north–south routes, from west to east:

  • Highway 112 - This route serves as the western boundary of Springdale along much of its routing. Connecting Fayetteville to the south and Bentonville to the north while also passing through Elm Springs, the state highway is commonly used as an alternative to I-49.
  • 56th Street - This discontinuous road connects Sunset Avenue and Don Tyson Parkway to Arvest Ballpark in southwest Springdale. In northwest Springdale, it connects Wagon Wheel Road to Elm Springs Road. Plans to connect the road have been completed, and the project is awaiting funding.[28]
  • I-49 - This Interstate is the primary route through NWA. Springdale exits include Don Tyson Parkway, Sunset Avenue (US 412), Elm Springs Road and Wagon Wheel Road.
  • 40th Street - Slightly east of I-49, this surface street is used as an alternative to I-49 for local traffic.
  • Carley Road - This road runs south from Sunset Ave to Johnson.
  • Gutensohn Road/Silent Grove Road - This road begins at Sunset Ave and runs north as Gutensohn Road until meeting Huntsville Ave, when it changes names to Silent Grove Road and continues north to Lowell
  • Johnson Road - This road begins at Sunset Ave and runs south to Johnson.
  • Thompson Avenue - Known as US 71B, which was the predecessor to I-49/US 71/US 62. This route is a main commercial thoroughfare as well as an unofficial neighborhood boundary in Springdale.
  • Arkansas Highway 265/Old Missouri Road - This route first was used by Native Americans as the Great Osage Trail, followed by Civil War troops bound for Fort Smith, Arkansas, the Trail of Tears, the Butterfield Overland Mail stagecoach route, and later still the telegraph.

Major east-west routes, listed from south to north:

  • Don Tyson Parkway - The major southern corridor in Springdale, this four-lane road was built in sections and completed in 2007. An interchange with I-49 was completed in 2014.[29]
  • US 412/Sunset Avenue/Robinson Ave - The only through east-west road in Springdale, this state highway connects Siloam Springs to the west with Huntsville in the east. Sunset Ave is the principal commercial avenue in Springdale, with dozens of hotels, restaurants and offices along the road. US 412 intersects Thompson Ave (US 71B) in midtown Springdale, and the routes briefly overlap. Following this overlap, US 412 continues east as Robinson Avenue toward Beaver Lake.
  • Emma Avenue - The primary east-west street in downtown Springdale, portions are designated as historic districts. The road was formerly a through street but was broken into two segments by the construction of a new Springdale High School in 2009.
  • Elm Springs Road/Huntsville Avenue - Known as Elm Springs Road near I-49, this road becomes Huntsville Road in midtown Springdale and passes through a primary industrial area.
  • Backus Avenue - Connects 40th Street and Thompson Ave through a residential area.
  • Randall Wobbe Lane - A short street connecting Thompson Avenue and Old Missouri Road through an industrial area.
  • Wagon Wheel Road - This road is a four-lane road beginning at I-49 that runs east to Bethel Heights. East of Thompson Ave it is a state highway (Highway 264).

Public transit

The City of Springdale's major provider of public transportation is Ozark Regional Transit. The bus-based regional transit system runs throughout Washington and Benton Counties and is administrated by the Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department (AHTD).

Northwest Arkansas Regional Airport in Highfill serves Springdale and other communities in the Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers metropolitan area.

Points of interest

Notable people

References

  1. 1 2 "House OKs naming Springdale world's poultry capital". Arkansas Business. April 2, 2013. Retrieved November 19, 2013.
  2. 1 2 "An Act to Name the City of Springdale, Arkansas, The Poultry Capital Of The World; And For Other Purposes". Act No. 767 of April 5, 2013 (PDF). Retrieved November 19, 2013.
  3. ↑ "2017 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved Aug 22, 2018.
  4. 1 2 "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved March 24, 2018.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Stewart, Charles W. (March 1, 2012). "Fayetteville (Washington County)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture. Butler Center for Arkansas Studies at the Central Arkansas Library System. Retrieved July 20, 2013.
  6. ↑ Ostlind, Emilene (March 21, 2011). "The Big Four Meatpackers". High Country News. Retrieved November 19, 2013.
  7. 1 2 "Springdale (city), Arkansas". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved November 19, 2013.
  8. ↑ History of Benton, Washington, Carroll, Madison, Crawford, Franklin, and Sebastian Counties, Arkansas. Higginson Book Company. 1889. p. 258.
  9. ↑ "Springdale Arkansas brief history". www.historicwashingtoncounty.org. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
  10. ↑ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  11. 1 2 3 General Highway Map, Washington County, Arkansas (PDF) (Map). Cartography by Planning and Research Division. Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department. December 22, 2011. Retrieved November 19, 2013.
  12. ↑ Branner, George C. (1984) [1940]. "Mineral Resources of Benton, Carroll, Madison, and Washington Counties". County Mineral Report 2. Little Rock, Arkansas: Arkansas State Geologist: 2.
  13. ↑ "Update of Statistical Area Definitions and Guidance on Their Uses" (PDF). Executive office of the President Office of Management and Budget. December 1, 2009. p. 32. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 16, 2012. Retrieved November 19, 2013.
  14. 1 2 "Monthly Averages for Springdale, AR" (Table). The Weather Channel. Retrieved November 19, 2013.
  15. 1 2 "Springdale, AR" (Table). Weatherbase. Retrieved November 19, 2013.
  16. ↑ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  17. ↑ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-05-14.
  18. 1 2 "Religion in Springdale, Arkansas". Retrieved November 19, 2013.
  19. ↑ Schulte, Bret (2012-07-04). "For Marshall Islanders, Hopes and Troubles in Arkansas". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-01-05.
  20. ↑ "2010 Census Population of Springdale, Arkansas - CensusViewer". censusviewer.com. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
  21. ↑ "Major Employers". Springdale Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved 2013-01-04.
  22. 1 2 "2013 State of the Northwest Arkansas Region Report" (PDF). University of Arkansas Sam Walton College of Business and the Northwest Arkansas Council. 2013. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 29, 2013. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
  23. ↑ "Tyson unveils new R&D 'discovery' center". Food Processing. March 8, 2007. Retrieved May 24, 2015.
  24. ↑ "Springdale, Arkansas Ward Map". City of Springdale. Retrieved May 24, 2015.
  25. ↑ Hargett, Malea (2013-03-28). "Despite 'year of grace,' St. Joseph School will close". Arkansas Catholic. Retrieved 2017-07-31.
  26. ↑ NWAnews.com :: Northwest Arkansas' News Source Archived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
  27. ↑ "Correspondence from FHWA to AHTD" (PDF). Little Rock, AR: FHWA. March 28, 2014. Retrieved May 25, 2015.
  28. ↑ Spandorf, Erin (January 28, 2015). "Springdale aldermen approve Don Tyson Parkway widening contract". Arkansas Democrat-Gazette. Retrieved May 25, 2015.
  29. ↑ Bybee, Darby (July 3, 2014). "Don Tyson Interchange to open July 7". 40/29. Retrieved May 25, 2015.
  30. ↑ "1922 - Welch's Grapes Building". www.waymarking.com/. Waymarking. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
  31. ↑ "George W. Bond". findagrave.com. Retrieved August 5, 2013.
  32. ↑ "About Jana". dellarosa4arkansas.com. Retrieved April 13, 2015.
  33. ↑ "Duggar Properties". Washington County Tax Collector. Retrieved June 11, 2015.
  34. ↑ Baker, K.C. (June 5, 2015). "No Laws Were Broken When Josh Duggar's Police Report Was Released to the Public, Says City Attorney". People. Time Inc. Retrieved June 11, 2015.
  35. ↑ "Arkansas House of Representatives Seventy-Sixth General Assembly biographical information". ark-cat.com. Retrieved June 18, 2012.
  36. ↑ "Robin Lundstrum". arkansashouse.org. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
  37. ↑ "Micah Neal's Biography". votesmart.org. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
  38. ↑ "Danny Lee Patrick", Arkansas Democrat-Gazette, July 29, 2009
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