List of current state leaders by date of assumption of office
Elizabeth II is the world's longest-serving current state leader, having reigned as Queen of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand since 1952.
This is a list of current state leaders ordered by their continuous tenure in a position of national leadership. In countries with different heads of state and heads of government, both offices are listed. For leaders who held the same office prior to their state's independence, the start of their tenure is used, not independence. For a list of heads of state taking dates of independence into account, see List of heads of state by diplomatic precedence.
Acting presidents are included in this list, but if a leader has non-consecutive terms, only the current period of service is listed.
States where head of state differs from head of government are mainly parliamentary systems. Often a leader holds both positions in presidential systems or dictatorships. Some states have semi-presidential systems where the head of government role is fulfilled by both the listed head of government and the head of state.
List of state leaders by date of assuming office
Prior to 1970
| Assumed Office | Leader | State | Office |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6 February 1952 | Elizabeth II[1][2] |  |
Queen: 1 November 1981 – present[3] |
 |
Queen | ||
 |
Queen: 10 July 1973 – present[3] | ||
 |
Queen: 30 November 1966 – present[3] | ||
 |
Queen: 21 September 1981 – present[3] | ||
 |
Queen | ||
 |
Queen: 7 February 1974 – present[3] | ||
 |
Queen: 6 August 1962 – present[3] | ||
 |
Queen | ||
 |
Queen: 16 September 1975 – present[4] | ||
 |
Queen: 19 September 1983 – present[3] | ||
 |
Queen: 22 February 1979 – present[3] | ||
 |
Queen: 27 October 1979 – present[3] | ||
 |
Queen: 7 July 1978 – present[3] | ||
 |
Queen: 1 October 1978 – present[3] | ||
 |
Queen | ||
| 4 October 1967[5] | Hassanal Bolkiah |  |
Sultan: 4 October 1967 – present Prime Minister: 1 January 1984 – present |
1970s
| Assumed Office | Leader | State | Office |
|---|---|---|---|
| 19 January 1970[6] | Prince Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa[7] |  |
Prime Minister |
| 23 July 1970[9] | Qaboos bin Said al Said |  |
Sultan: 23 July 1970 – present Prime Minister: 2 January 1972 – present |
| 14 January 1972 | Margrethe II |  |
Queen |
| 15 September 1973 | Carl XVI Gustaf |  |
King |
| 30 June 1975 | Paul Biya |  |
Prime Minister: 30 June 1975 – 6 November 1982 President: 6 November 1982 – present |
| 3 August 1979 | Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo[11] |  |
Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council: 3 August 1979 – 25 August 1979 Chairman of the Supreme Military Council: 25 August 1979 – 12 October 1982 President: 12 October 1982 – present |
1980s
| Assumed Office | Leader | State | Office |
|---|---|---|---|
| 13 October 1981 | Ali Khamenei |  |
President: 13 October 1981 – 2 August 1989 Supreme Leader: 4 June 1989 – present |
| 22 March 1984[12] | Nursultan Nazarbayev |  |
Chairman of the Kazakh SSR Council of Ministers: 22 March 1984 – 27 July 1989 First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Kazakh SSR Communist Party: 22 June 1989 – 14 December 1991 Chairman of the Kazakh SSR Supreme Soviet: 22 February 1990 – 24 April 1990 President: 24 April 1990 – present |
| 26 August 1984 | Hans-Adam II |  |
Prince-regent: 26 August 1984 – 13 November 1989 Prince Regnant: 13 November 1989 – present[14] |
| 31 December 1984 | Hun Sen |  |
Acting Prime Minister: 31 December 1984 – 14 January 1985 Prime Minister: 14 January 1985 – 2 July 1993 Co-Equal Prime Minister: 2 July 1993 – 21 September 1993 Second Prime Minister: 21 September 1993 – 30 November 1998 Prime Minister: 30 November 1998 – present |
| 29 January 1986 | Yoweri Museveni |  |
President[16] |
| 25 April 1986 | Mswati III |  |
King |
| 7 January 1989 | Akihito |  |
Emperor |
| 30 June 1989 | Omar al-Bashir |  |
President of the Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation: 30 June 1989 – 16 October 1993 President: 16 October 1993 – present |
1990s
| Assumed Office | Leader | State | Office |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 June 1990 | Harald V |  |
Prince-regent: 1 June 1990 – 17 January 1991 King: 17 January 1991 – present[17] |
| 2 December 1990 | Idriss Déby |  |
President of the Patriotic Salvation Movement: 2 December 1990 – 4 December 1990 President of the Council of State: 4 December 1990 – 4 March 1991 President: 4 March 1991 – present |
| 27 April 1991[18] | Isaias Afwerki |  |
Secretary-General of the Provisional Government: 27 April 1991 – 23 May 1993 President: 23 May 1993 - present |
| 19 November 1992 | Emomali Rahmon |  |
Acting Chairman of the Supreme Council: 19 November 1992 – 27 November 1992 Chairman of the Supreme Council: 27 November 1992 – 16 November 1994 President: 16 November 1994 – present |
| 17 November 1993 | Sir Colville Young | |
Governor-General[2] |
| 20 July 1994 | Alexander Lukashenko |  |
President |
| 7 February 1996 | Letsie III |  |
King[19] |
| 25 October 1997 | Denis Sassou Nguesso |  |
President[20] |
| 3 March 1998 | Henri |  |
Prince-regent: 3 March 1998 – 7 October 2000 Grand Duke: 7 October 2000 – present |
| 5 September 1998 | Kim Yong-nam |  |
President of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly[21] |
| 23 November 1998 | Tuilaepa Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi |  |
Prime Minister |
| 7 February 1999 | Abdullah II |  |
King |
| 6 March 1999 | Sheikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa | |
Emir: 6 March 1999 – 14 February 2002 King: 14 February 2002 – present |
| 27 April 1999 | Abdelaziz Bouteflika |  |
President |
| 8 May 1999 | Ismaïl Omar Guelleh[22] |  |
President |
| 23 July 1999 | Mohammed VI |  |
King |
| 9 August 1999 | Vladimir Putin |  |
Acting Prime Minister: 9 August 1999 – 16 August 1999 Prime Minister: 16 August 1999 – 7 May 2000 Acting President: 31 December 1999 – 7 May 2000 President: 7 May 2000 – 7 May 2008 Prime Minister: 8 May 2008 – 7 May 2012 President: 7 May 2012 – present |
2000s
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2010–2013
2014–2015
2016
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2017
2018
List of upcoming leaders
| Taking Office | Leader | State | Office |
|---|---|---|---|
| October | Adil Abdul-Mahdi |  |
Prime Minister-designate |
| 17 November | Milorad Dodik |  |
Presidency Member-elect[50] |
| Šefik Džaferović | Presidency Member-elect[50] | ||
| Željko Komšić | Presidency Member-elect[125][50] | ||
| Ibrahim Mohamed Solih |  |
President-elect | |
| 1 December | Andrés Manuel López Obrador |  |
President-elect |
See also
Notes
- ↑ Elizabeth II was Queen of Ceylon from 6 February 1952 – 22 May 1972, Queen of Pakistan from 6 February 1952 – 23 March 1956, Queen of South Africa from 6 February 1952 – 31 May 1961, Queen of Ghana from 6 March 1957 – 28 April 1960, Queen of Nigeria from 1 October 1960 – 1 October 1963, Queen of Sierra Leone from 27 April 1961 – 19 April 1971, Queen of Tanganyika from 9 December 1961 – 9 June 1962, Queen of Trinidad and Tobago from 31 August 1962 – 1 August 1976, Queen of Uganda from 9 October 1962 – 9 October 1963, Queen of Kenya from 12 December 1963 – 12 December 1964, Queen of Malawi from 6 July 1964 – 6 July 1966, Queen of Malta from 21 September 1964 – 13 December 1974, Queen of Gambia from 18 February 1965 – 24 April 1970, Queen of Guyana from 26 May 1966 – 23 February 1970, Queen of Mauritius from 12 March 1968 – 12 March 1992 and Queen of Fiji from 10 October 1970 – 15 October 1987.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 The Governors-General of each Commonwealth realm represent Elizabeth II.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 This is the date of this territory's independence from the United Kingdom. Prior to this date, Elizabeth II was head of state in her role as the Queen of the United Kingdom.
- ↑ Prior to this date, Papua New Guinea was an Australian-administered United Nations Trust Territory. Elizabeth II was the head of state in her role as Queen of Australia.
- ↑ Brunei was a British protected state until 1 January 1984.
- ↑ Bahrain was a British protectorate until 16 December 1971.
- ↑ Prince Khalifa is the uncle of the King, Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, and brother of the previous monarch, Sheikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa.
- 1 2 The country was the State of Bahrain before 14 February 2002.
- ↑ Oman was a British protectorate until 2 December 1971.
- ↑ The country was Muscat and Oman until August 1970.
- ↑ President Obiang is the nephew of the previous president, Francisco Macías Nguema.
- ↑ The country declared independence from the Soviet Union on 16 December 1991.
- ↑ The country was called the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic until 10 December 1991.
- 1 2 Alois is the Prince-Regent of Liechtenstein for Hans-Adam II.
- ↑ The country was called the People's Republic of Kampuchea until 1 May 1989, and the State of Cambodia until 24 September 1993.
- ↑ Yoweri Museveni was the de facto head of state of Uganda as Commander of the National Resistance Army from 26 January 1986 – 29 January 1986.
- ↑ Haakon was Prince-Regent of Norway from 25 November 2003 – 13 April 2004 and 29 March 2005 – 7 June 2005.
- ↑ The country gained independence from Ethiopia on 23 May 1993.
- ↑ Letsie III was previously King of Lesotho from 12 November 1990 – 25 January 1995.
- ↑ Denis Sassou Nguesso was previously President of the People's Republic of the Congo / Republic of the Congo from 8 February 1979 – 31 August 1992. Sassou Nguesso was the de facto head of state of the Republic of the Congo as a militia leader from 15 October 1997 – 25 October 1997.
- 1 2 The late Kim Il-sung has been designated "Eternal President of North Korea" and the post of President has not been filled since his death on 8 July 1994, making Kim Il-sung in his de jure capacity the only deceased person considered a current head of state in the world.
- ↑ President Guelleh is the nephew of the previous president, Hassan Gouled Aptidon.
- ↑ President Assad is the son of the previous president, Hafez al-Assad.
- ↑ President Kabila is the son of the previous president, Laurent-Désiré Kabila.
- 1 2 3 4 The Representatives of Andorra each represent their respective Co-Prince. Josep Maria Mauri represents Joan Enric Vives Sicília and Patrick Strzoda represents Emmanuel Macron.
- ↑ Sheikh Sabah is the son of an earlier emir, Sheikh Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah who ruled between 1921 and 1950.
- ↑ President Aliyev is the son of the previous president, Heydar Aliyev.
- ↑ Artur Rasizade was Acting Prime Minister of Azerbaijan from 6 August 2003 – 4 November 2003.
- ↑ Lee Hsien Loong is the son of former Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew.
- ↑ Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan is the son of the previous president, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan.
- ↑ Mahmoud Abbas was Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority from 19 March 2003 – 6 September 2003.
- ↑ President Gnassingbé is the son of the previous president, Gnassingbé Eyadéma.
- ↑ Faure Gnassingbé was President of Togo from 5 February 2005 – 25 February 2005.
- ↑ The country gained independence from Sudan on 9 July 2011.
- ↑ It was the Southern Sudan Autonomous Region until 9 July 2011.
- ↑ Sheikh Mohammed is the brother of the previous Prime Minister Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, and son of the Prime Minister before that, Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum.
- ↑ Raúl Castro is the brother of the previous President of the Council of State and First Secretary of the Communist Party, Fidel Castro.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 The Swiss Federal Council is a collective seven-member Head of State. The President of Switzerland serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
- ↑ Frank Bainimarama was President of the Interim Military Government of Fiji from 29 May 2000 – 13 July 2000.
- ↑ Daniel Ortega was a member (and from 4 March 1981 the Coordinator) of the Junta of National Reconstruction of Nicaragua (18 July 1979 – 10 January 1985); and he was President of Nicaragua from 10 January 1985 – 25 April 1990.
- ↑ The country was called the Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh until 10 March 2017.
- ↑ Sheikh Hasina is the daughter of former President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
- ↑ Sheikh Hasina was Prime Minister of Bangladesh from 23 June 1996 – 15 July 2001.
- ↑ Benjamin Netanyahu was Prime Minister of Israel from 18 June 1996 – 6 July 1999.
- ↑ Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz was President of the High Council of State from 6 August 2008 – 15 April 2009.
- ↑ President Bongo Ondimba is the son of the previous president, Omar Bongo.
- ↑ Viktor Orbán was Prime Minister of Hungary from 6 July 1998 – 27 May 2002.
- ↑ Dési Bouterse was Chairman of the National Military Council (de facto leader of Suriname) from 25 February 1980 – 25 January 1988 and head of state as National Army Commander from 13 August 1980 – 15 August 1980 and from 4 February 1982 – 8 February 1982.
- ↑ Bakir Izetbegović is the son of former head of state Alija Izetbegović.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Presidency is a Tripartite council, with the Chairman of the Presidency rotating every eight months.
- ↑ Alassane Ouattara was Prime Minister of Ivory Coast from 7 November 1990 – 9 December 1993.
- ↑ Mahamadou Issoufou was Prime Minister of Niger from 17 April 1993 – 28 September 1994.
- ↑ Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi served as Acting President of Yemen from 4 June 2011 – 23 September 2011.
- ↑ The office of Head of State of Yemen has been in dispute between Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi and the Leader of the Supreme Political Council, Mahdi al-Mashat, since 23 April 2018.
- ↑ Kim Jong-un is the son and grandson of the two previous supreme leaders, Kim Jong-il and Kim Il-sung.
- ↑ The term Supreme Leader is used as a description, for the sake of brevity, rather than being an official title of a single office. The actual offices held by Kim Jong-un are: Chairman of the Workers' Party of Korea, Chairman of the State Affairs Commission of the DPRK, and Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army.
- ↑ Tupou VI (then known as ʻAhoʻeitu ʻUnuakiʻotonga Tukuʻaho) was Prime Minister of Tonga from 3 January 2000 – 11 February 2006.
- ↑ Macky Sall was Prime Minister of Senegal from 21 April 2004 – 19 June 2007.
- ↑ Hage Geingob was Prime Minister of Namibia from 21 March 1990 – 28 August 2002.
- ↑ Borut Pahor was Prime Minister of Slovenia from 21 November 2008 – 10 February 2012.
- ↑ Shinzō Abe is the grandson of a former Prime Minister, Nobusuke Kishi.
- ↑ Shinzō Abe was Prime Minister of Japan from 26 September 2006 – 26 September 2007.
- ↑ President Remengesau is the son of a former president, Thomas Remengesau Sr.
- ↑ Tommy Remengesau was President of Palau from 1 January 2001 – 15 January 2009.
- ↑ Keith Mitchell was Prime Minister of Grenada from 22 June 1995 – 9 July 2008.
- ↑ Miloš Zeman was Prime Minister of the Czech Republic from 22 July 1998 – 15 July 2002.
- ↑ Pak Pong-ju was Premier of North Korea from 3 September 2003 – 11 April 2007.
- ↑ President Kenyatta is the son of a former president, Jomo Kenyatta.
- ↑ Enele Sopoaga is the brother of a former Prime Minister, Saufatu Sopoanga.
- ↑ Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta was Prime Minister of Mali from 4 February 1994 – 15 February 2000.
- ↑ President Yameen is the half-brother of a former president, Maumoon Abdul Gayoom.
- ↑ President Mutharika is the brother of a former president, Bingu wa Mutharika.
- ↑ Dame Marguerite is the widow of former Prime Minister Sir Lynden Pindling.
- ↑ Raul Khajimba was Prime Minister of Abkhazia from 22 April 2003 – 6 October 2004.
- ↑ Dragan Čović was a Member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 5 October 2002 – 9 May 2005, and served as the Chairman of the Presidency from 2 April 2003 – 10 April 2003 and from 27 June 2003 – 28 February 2004.
- ↑ Patrice Trovoada was Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe from 14 February 2008 – 22 June 2008 and from 14 August 2010 – 12 December 2012.
- ↑ Beji Caid Essebsi was Prime Minister of Tunisia from 27 February 2011 – 24 December 2011.
- ↑ Ranil Wickremesinghe was Prime Minister of Sri Lanka from 7 May 1993 – 19 August 1994 and from 9 December 2001 – 6 April 2004.
- ↑ Tabaré Vázquez was President of Uruguay from 1 March 2005 – 1 March 2010.
- ↑ Antoni Martí was Head of Government of Andorra from 12 May 2011 – 23 March 2015.
- ↑ Muhammadu Buhari was Head of State of Nigeria (titled Head of the Federal Military Government) from 31 December 1983 – 27 August 1985.
- ↑ Yemi Osinbajo acted as President of Nigeria in Abuja from 6 June 2016 – 19 June 2016 while Muhammadu Buhari recovered from an illness in a London hospital. Osinbajo again acted as President in Abuja from 19 January 2017 – 13 March 2017 and 7 May 2017 – 19 August 2017 while Buhari received treatment in a London hospital.
- ↑ Lars Løkke Rasmussen was Prime Minister of Denmark from 5 April 2009 – 3 October 2011.
- ↑ Alexis Tsipras was Prime Minister of Greece from 26 January 2015 – 27 August 2015.
- ↑ Justin Trudeau is the son of former Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau.
- ↑ Roch Marc Kaboré was Prime Minister of Burkina Faso from 22 March 1994 – 6 February 1996.
- ↑ Bounnhang Vorachith was Prime Minister of Laos from 27 March 2001 – 8 June 2006.
- ↑ Andrew Holness was Prime Minister of Jamaica from 23 October 2011 – 5 January 2012.
- ↑ The office of Head of State of Libya is disputed between the internationally-recognized incumbent, Fayez al-Sarraj, and Aguila Saleh Issa, the Chairman of the House of Representatives, since 30 March 2016. The office of Prime Minister of Libya is disputed between the internationally-recognized incumbent, Fayez al-Sarraj, and Abdullah al-Thani, the prime minister approved by the House of Representatives, since 30 March 2016.
- ↑ Faustin Touadéra was Prime Minister of the Central African Republic from 22 January 2008 – 17 January 2013.
- ↑ The office of Head of Government of Yemen has been in dispute between Ahmed Obeid bin Daghr and Abdel-Aziz bin Habtour, the Prime Minister of the Supreme Political Council government, since 28 November 2016.
- ↑ Aung San Suu Kyi is the daughter of former Premier Aung San.
- ↑ Hashim Thaçi was provisional Prime Minister of the mostly unrecognized Republic of Kosova from 2 April 1999 – 1 February 2000, Prime Minister of UN-administered Kosovo from 9 January 2008 – 17 February 2008, and Prime Minister of independent Kosovo from 17 February 2008 – 9 December 2014. Kosovo did not gain independence until 17 February 2008, being part of Serbia.
- ↑ Volodymyr Groysman was Acting Prime Minister of Ukraine from 24 July 2014 – 31 July 2014 (for Arseniy Yatsenyuk during his temporary resignation).
- ↑ Azali Assoumani was Chief of Staff of the National Development Army (de facto leader of the Comoros) from 30 April 1999 – 6 May 1999, Head of State of the Comoros from 6 May 1999 – 21 January 2002, then the elected President from 6 May 2002 – 26 May 2006.
- ↑ Evaristo Carvalho was Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe from 7 July 1994 – 25 October 1994 and from 26 September 2001 – 28 March 2002.
- ↑ Prem Tinsulanonda was Regent of Thailand from 13 October 2016 – 1 December 2016.
- ↑ Michel Aoun was both the disputed President of Lebanon and the disputed President of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon simultaneously from 22 September 1988 – 13 October 1990.
- ↑ Saad Hariri is the son of former President of the Council of Ministers Rafik Hariri.
- ↑ Saad Hariri was President of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon from 9 November 2009 – 13 June 2011.
- ↑ President Akufo-Addo is the son of a former president, Edward Akufo-Addo.
- ↑ Pravind Jugnauth is the son of the previous Prime Minister and former President, Sir Anerood Jugnauth.
- ↑ Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed was Prime Minister of Somalia from 1 November 2010 – 19 June 2011.
- ↑ Boyko Borisov was Prime Minister of Bulgaria from 27 July 2009 – 13 March 2013 and from 7 November 2014 – 27 January 2017.
- ↑ Tom Thabane was Prime Minister of Lesotho from 8 June 2012 – 30 August 2014 and 3 September 2014 – 17 March 2015.
- ↑ Ilir Meta was Prime Minister of Albania from 29 October 1999 – 22 February 2002.
- ↑ Ahmed Ouyahia was Prime Minister of Algeria from 31 December 1995 – 15 December 1998, from 5 May 2003 – 24 May 2006, and from 23 June 2008 – 3 September 2012.
- ↑ Ramush Haradinaj was Prime Minister of UN-administered Kosovo from 3 December 2004 – 8 March 2005. Kosovo did not gain independence until 17 February 2008, being part of Serbia.
- ↑ Sooronbay Jeenbekov was Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan from 13 April 2016 – 22 August 2017.
- ↑ Dame Sandra Mason was Acting Governor-General of Barbados from 30 May 2012 – 1 June 2012.
- ↑ Sir Neville is the brother of former Prime Minister Winston Cenac.
- ↑ Khadga Prasad Oli was Prime Minister of Nepal from 12 October 2015 – 4 August 2016.
- ↑ Sebastián Piñera was President of Chile from 11 March 2010 – 11 March 2014.
- ↑ César Villanueva was Prime Minister of Peru from 31 October 2013 – 24 February 2014.
- ↑ Julius Maada Bio was Head of State of Sierra Leone (as leader of the Supreme Council of State) from 16 January 1996 – 29 March 1996.
- ↑ Armen Sarkissian was Prime Minister of Armenia from 4 November 1996 – 20 March 1997.
- ↑ Aristides Gomes was Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau from 2 November 2005 – 13 April 2007.
- ↑ Muhammetkaliy Abulgaziyev was Acting Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan from 22 August 2017 – 26 August 2017.
- ↑ Mahathir Mohamad was Prime Minister of Malaysia from 16 July 1981 – 31 October 2003.
- ↑ Milo Đukanović was Prime Minister of the Republic of Montenegro from 15 February 1991 – 5 February 1998, President of the Republic of Montenegro from 15 January 1998 – 25 November 2002, Prime Minister again from 8 January 2003 – 10 November 2006; and Prime Minister of independent Montenegro from 29 February 2008 – 29 December 2010 and 4 December 2012 – 29 November 2016. Montenegro became independent on 3 June 2006 by seceding from Serbia and Montenegro.
- ↑ Moustafa Madbouly was Acting Prime Minister of Egypt from 23 November 2017 – 27 January 2018.
- ↑ Taur Matan Ruak was President of East Timor from 20 May 2012 – 20 May 2017.
- ↑ Valeri Bganba was Acting President of Abkhazia from 1 June 2014 – 25 September 2014.
- ↑ Mirko Tomassoni was a Captain Regent of San Marino from 1 October 2007 – 1 April 2008.
- ↑ Željko Komšić was a Member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 6 November 2006 – 17 November 2014, and served as the Chairman of the Presidency from 6 July 2007 – 6 March 2008, 6 July 2009 – 6 March 2010, 10 July 2011 – 10 March 2012, and from 10 July 2013 – 10 March 2014.
External links
- Rulers.org List of rulers throughout time and places
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