Kalyan

Kalyan
City
Nickname(s): Kalyan
Kalyan
Location of Kalyan in Maharashtra
Kalyan
Kalyan (Maharashtra)
Coordinates: 19°14′N 73°08′E / 19.24°N 73.13°E / 19.24; 73.13Coordinates: 19°14′N 73°08′E / 19.24°N 73.13°E / 19.24; 73.13
Country  India
State Maharashtra
District Thane District
Government
 • Type Municipal Corporation
 • Body Kalyan-Dombivali Municipal Corporation
 • Mayor Rajendra Devlekar (Shiv Sena)
 • Municipal Commissioner P Velarasu
 • Deputy Mayor Moreshwar Shreeram Bhoir (BJP)
Area
 • Total 137.15 km2 (52.95 sq mi)
Elevation 8.84 m (29.00 ft)
Population (2011)
 • Total 1,246,381 (with Dombivli)
Demonym(s) Kalyankar
Languages
 • Official Marathi
Time zone UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN CODE 421301(Kalyan (West)) 421304 (Kalyan (S.O.)) 421306 (Kalyan (East))
Vehicle registration MH-05
Sex ratio 917 females/1000 males ♂/♀
Literacy Rate 93.06%
Lok Sabha constituency Kalyan
Vidhan Sabha constituency Kalyan
Civic agency Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation
Website http://www.kdmc.gov.in

Kalyan is a city in the Thane District of Maharashtra state in Konkan division. It is a neighbour city of Mumbai and is governed by separate municipal corporation rather than BMC.

Kalyan is within the administrative division (tahsil) at a taluka level of the Thane District. Kalyan and its neighboring township of Dombivli jointly form the Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation, abbreviated as KDMC. It is considered a part of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, along with Vitthalwadi, Bhiwandi, Thane, Ulhasnagar and the municipal councils of Ambernath and Badlapur. Kalyan is the 9th biggest city in Maharashtra and 28th in the country.

History

In pre-independent India, the administration spelled Kalyan as Kallian, Callian and sometimes as callianee. The city has been attacked by various foreign armies including the Mughal, the Portuguese and the British. The Maratha's were held in high regard by the locals for being the only line of defense against invasions.

Walter Hamilton, a foreign visitor passing through India described Callianee as follows in his 1820 book A Geographical, Statistical, and Historical Description of Hindustan, and the Adjacent Counties, Volume 2 on page 150:

Anandibai Joshi graduated from Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania (WMC) in 1886. Seen here with Kei Okami (center) and Tabat Islambooly (right). All three completed their medical studies, and each was the first woman from their respective countries to obtain a degree in Western medicine.

Anandi Gopal Joshi, from Kalyan along with Kadambini Ganguly, was one of the first two Indian women[1] to obtain a degree in Western medicine, in 1886. She is also believed to be the first Hindu woman to set foot on American soil.[2][3]

Around Kalyan

Durgadi Fort

Kalyan's Durgadi Fort entrance

The city of Kalyan was surrounded by a fort wall, the construction of which began during Shah Jahan's reign and was completed during Aurangzeb's reign in 1694 A.D. This city wall, which ran in excess of 2000 yards, 2123 to be precise, was guarded by 4 gates and 11 towers. The fort wall enclosed an area of 70 acres and on a high mound near the Kalyan creek, where the current Ganesh ghat stands, was a fine fort since as early as 1570.

The wall of the fort along the top of the inner bank of the ditch, and, near the north end, had a gateway known as the Delhi or Killyacha Darwaja.

Under the Marathas (1760–72), a new gate about 150 feet (46 m) to the south of the Ganesh gate was opened near the mansion of Ramji Mahadeo Biwalkar, the Peshwa's Governor. In the citadel of the fort Marathas built a small wooden temple of Durgadevi behind the mosque, and called the fort Durgadi Killain honorr of the goddess, a name which it still bears. The fort measures 220 feet (67 m) in length and somewhat less in breadth. Under the English rule, the fort wall was dismantled and stones carried to build the Kalyan and Thane piers and a dwelling for the customs inspector in the west of the Kalyan fort. The gate to the north-west is almost the only trace of the fort wall, which is of rough stone masonry. During 1876 the original idol of the goddess Durga was stolen.[4]

Kala Talao, a historic lake

Demographics

The majority of Kalyan citizens are Hindus with a minority of Muslims.

Climate

Climate data for Kalyan
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 29.3
(84.7)		 34.5
(94.1)		 43.6
(110.5)		 48.7
(119.7)		 38.7
(101.7)		 31.9
(89.4)		 29.8
(85.6)		 29.3
(84.7)		 30.1
(86.2)		 32.9
(91.2)		 33.4
(92.1)		 32.0
(89.6)		 34.5
(94.1)
Average low °C (°F) 14.6
(58.3)		 16.3
(61.3)		 19.6
(67.3)		 25.7
(78.3)		 26.1
(79)		 25.8
(78.4)		 24.8
(76.6)		 24.5
(76.1)		 24.0
(75.2)		 23.1
(73.6)		 20.5
(68.9)		 18.2
(64.8)		 21.9
(71.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 2.3
(0.091)		 1.0
(0.039)		 0.8
(0.031)		 1.8
(0.071)		 13.5
(0.531)		 432.6
(17.031)		 946.1
(37.248)		 553.3
(21.783)		 294.1
(11.579)		 87.1
(3.429)		 20.6
(0.811)		 2.0
(0.079)		 2,355.2
(92.723)
Source: Government of Maharashtra

Transportation

Kalyan Station, 1945

Auto-rickshaws are an important mode of transport. 200,000 Kalyan citizens travel daily by auto-rickshaw.[5]

Kalyan Junction is on the rail line between Mumbai and Karjat/Kasara. Kalyan Junction serves as an important railway station at the node of Mumbai.[6]

Civic amenities

With a population of more than 700,000, Kalyan is a part of Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation established in 1983, with municipalities of Kalyan, Dombivli, Ambernath and 81 villages. It was then one of the largest urban local bodies in Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) and in the state, with an area around 209 km2. The government of Maharashtra has decided to delete major area of the corporation limits on different occasions. Presently the total area of the corporation has remained, and measures about 67 km2.

Government

KDMC is a municipal corporation in Thane district of Maharashtra state, India. A municipal corporation formed in 1983 to administer the twin townships of Kalyan and Dombivli. The municipal corporation has a population 15,18,762 (2011 census). Due to its highly educated population it is often called the second cultural capital of Maharashtra after Pune. Kalyan was famous as a port since ancient times. Records of its existence as a premier port in the region have been found in ancient Greek manuscripts. Dombivli station is about 48 km from CSMT station along the central railway and is connected to all parts of Maharashtra by rail as well as road. Kalyan is one of the most important junctions in India with most of the outstation trains stopping at it. Nearest airport is Mumbai airport which is 40 km away.

The corporation is governed by Bombay Provincial Municipal Corporation Act 1949. The following authorities are given charge to carry out the provisions of the act:

  • A corporation
  • A standing committee
  • Ward committees
  • Municipal commissioner

Both the cities are divided into 122 wards. Municipal Corporation consists of Councillors elected directly at Ward Elections. The number and boundaries of the Wards into which the City is divided is specified by the State Election Commissioner. There are five Councillors nominated by the Corporation. As per the provisions of the Act, the total number of Councillors is 121. The Corporation elects one of its members as the Mayor and another to be the Deputy Mayor.[7]

Educational institutions

Mumbai University-affiliated colleges and school-cum-colleges

Schools

References

  1. ↑ Eron, Carol (1979). "Women in Medicine and Health Care". In O'Neill, Lois Decker. The Women's Book of World Records and Achievements. Anchor Press. p. 204. ISBN 0-385-12733-2. First Hindu Woman Doctor
  2. ↑ "Historical Photos Depict Women Medical Pioneers". Public Radio International. 12 July 2013. Retrieved 29 October 2013.
  3. ↑ "Anandabai Gopal Joshi....A forgotten Indian icon". Deshdaaz. 29 October 2014.
  4. ↑ Page no. 120, The Gazetteers of Bombay Presidency, Thane 3rd Edition
  5. ↑ "रिक्षाचालकांविरोधात प्रवासांचा एल्गार (Rikṣācālakāṃvirōdhāt Pravāsāṃcā Ēlgār)" (in Marathi). Kalyan, Thane: Sakal Publications. 24 February 2015. p. 6.
  6. ↑ "Mumbai CST-bound local train derails near Kalyan, 1 killed". Zee Media. Essel. 20 March 2014. Retrieved 28 May 2014.
  7. ↑ kalyancity.com. "Government in Kalyan". kalyancity.com.
  • KDMC: Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation
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