Inscriptional Pahlavi

Inscriptional Pahlavi;
	Inscribed stone block from the Paikuli inscription
Type	Abjad
Languages	Middle Iranian languages
Time period	171–38 BC
Parent systems	Aramaic alphabet Pahlavi scripts Inscriptional Pahlavi; ;
Direction	Right-to-left
ISO 15924	Phli, 131
Unicode alias	Inscriptional Pahlavi
Unicode range	U+10B60–U+10B7F

Inscriptional Pahlavi is the earliest attested form of Pahlavi scripts, and is evident in clay fragments that have been dated to the reign of Mithridates I (r. 171–38 BC). Other early evidence includes the Pahlavi inscriptions of Arsacid era coins and rock inscriptions of Sassanid kings and other notables such as Kartir.

Letters

Inscriptional Pahlavi used 19 non-joining letters:^[1]^[2]

Name^[A]	Text	IPA^[3]	Name	Text	IPA	Name	Text	IPA
Aleph	𐭠	/a/, /ā/	Heth	𐭧	/h/, /x/	Samekh	𐭮	/s/, /h/
Beth	𐭡	/b/, /w/	Teth	𐭨	/ṭ/	Pe	𐭯	/p/, /b/, /f/
Gimel	𐭢	/g/, /y/	Yodh	𐭩	/y/, /ē̆/, /ī̆/, /ǰ/	Sadhe	𐭰	/č/, /ǰ/, /z/
Daleth	𐭣	/d/, /y/	Kaph	𐭪	/k/, /g/	Shin	𐭱	/š/
He	𐭤	/h/	Lamedh	𐭫	/l/, /r/	Taw	𐭲	/t/, /d/
Waw-ayin-resh	𐭥	/w/, /ʿ/, /r/	Mem-qoph	𐭬	/m/, /q/
Zayin	𐭦	/z/	Nun	𐭭	/n/

^ Letter names are based on the corresponding Imperial Aramaic characters^[1]

Numbers

Inscriptional Pahlavi had its own numerals:

Value		1	2	3	4	10	20	100	1000
Sign	Image
Sign	Text	𐭸	𐭹	𐭺	𐭻	𐭼	𐭽	𐭾	𐭿

Numbers are written right-to-left. Numbers without corresponding numerals are additive. For example, 24 is written as 𐭽𐭻‎ (20 + 4).^[1]

Unicode

Inscriptional Pahlavi script was added to the Unicode Standard in October, 2009 with the release of version 5.2.

The Unicode block for Inscriptional Pahlavi is U+10B60–U+10B7F:

Inscriptional Pahlavi^[1]^[2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	A	B	C	D	E	F
U+10B6x	𐭠	𐭡	𐭢	𐭣	𐭤	𐭥	𐭦	𐭧	𐭨	𐭩	𐭪	𐭫	𐭬	𐭭	𐭮	𐭯
U+10B7x	𐭰	𐭱	𐭲						𐭸	𐭹	𐭺	𐭻	𐭼	𐭽	𐭾	𐭿
Notes 1.^ As of Unicode version 11.0 2.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points

Gallery

Inscriptional Pahlavi text from Shapur III at Taq-e Bostan, 4th century
Kartir's inscription at Naqsh-e Rajab
Coin of Ardashir I (r. 224–42) with Inscriptional Pahlavi writings
Sasanian relief with Inscriptional Pahlavi monogram ʾpr, which stands for abzūn farr, meaning "May his farr increase!"

References

1 2 3 Everson, Michael; Pournader, Roozbeh (2007-08-24). "L2/07-207R: Proposal for encoding the Inscriptional Parthian, Inscriptional Pahlavi, and Psalter Pahlavi scripts in the SMP of the UCS" (PDF).
↑ Livinsky, BA; Guang‐Da, Zhang; Samghabadi, R Shabani; Masson, Vadim Mikhaĭlovich (March 1999), Dani, Ahmad Hasan, ed., History of civilizations of Central Asia, Multiple history, 3. The crossroads of civilizations: A.D. 250 to 750, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, p. 89, ISBN 978-81-208-1540-7 .
↑ Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William, eds. (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press, Inc. p. 518. ISBN 978-0195079937.

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[cnote_A] Letter names are based on the corresponding Imperial Aramaic characters^[1]

[L207207-1] 1 2 3 Everson, Michael; Pournader, Roozbeh (2007-08-24). "L2/07-207R: Proposal for encoding the Inscriptional Parthian, Inscriptional Pahlavi, and Psalter Pahlavi scripts in the SMP of the UCS" (PDF).

[2] Livinsky, BA; Guang‐Da, Zhang; Samghabadi, R Shabani; Masson, Vadim Mikhaĭlovich (March 1999), Dani, Ahmad Hasan, ed., History of civilizations of Central Asia, Multiple history, 3. The crossroads of civilizations: A.D. 250 to 750, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, p. 89, ISBN 978-81-208-1540-7 .

[WWS-3] Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William, eds. (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press, Inc. p. 518. ISBN 978-0195079937.

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