Punjabi Braille

Punjabi Braille; Gurmukhi Braille
Type	Alphabet
Languages	Punjabi language
Parent systems	Braille English Braille Bharati Braille Punjabi Braille; ; ;
Print basis	Gurmukhi alphabet

Punjabi Braille is the braille alphabet used in India for Punjabi. It is one of the Bharati braille alphabets, and largely conforms to the letter values of the other Bharati alphabets.^[1]

Alphabet

The alphabet is as follows.^[2] Vowel letters are used rather than diacritics, and they occur after consonants in their spoken order. For orthographic conventions, see Bharati Braille.

ISO	a	ā	i	ī	u	ū	ē	e	ō	o
Gurmukhi	ਅ	ਆ	ਇ	ਈ	ਉ	ਊ	ਏ	ਐ	ਓ	ਔ
Braille

ISO	k	kh	g	gh	ṅ
Gurmukhi	ਕ	ਖ	ਗ	ਘ	ਙ
Braille

ISO	c	ch	j	jh	ñ
Gurmukhi	ਚ	ਛ	ਜ	ਝ	ਞ
Braille

ISO	ṭ	ṭh	ḍ	ḍh	ṇ
Gurmukhi	ਟ	ਠ	ਡ	ਢ	ਣ
Braille

ISO	t	th	d	dh	n
Gurmukhi	ਤ	ਥ	ਦ	ਧ	ਨ
Braille

ISO	p	ph	b	bh	m
Gurmukhi	ਪ	ਫ	ਬ	ਭ	ਮ
Braille

ISO	y	r	l	v
Gurmukhi	ਯ	ਰ	ਲ	ਵ
Braille

ISO	s	h	ṛ ^[3]
Gurmukhi	ਸ	ਹ	ੜ
Braille

Pointing

The Bharati point, ⠐, is only used to derive one consonant, ਗ਼ ġa /ɣə/, from the base consonant letter ਗ ga /ɡə/. This system also operates in Hindi Braille and Indian Urdu Braille, but the Punjabi Braille alphabet is closer to Indian Urdu, as all other consonants that are pointed in print, such as ਖ਼ xa, are rendered with dedicated letters in braille based on international values. The six pointed letters in the Gurmukhi script have the following equivalents in braille:

ISO	x	ġ	z	f	ḷ	ś
Gurmukhi	ਖ਼	ਗ਼	ਜ਼	ਫ਼	ਲ਼	ਸ਼
Braille

Codas

Points are used for syllable codas.

Diacritics	Halant		Anusvara		Visarga		Candrabindu
Gurmukhi	ਕ੍		ਕਂ		ਕਃ		ਕਁ
Braille

Punctuation

See Bharati Braille#Punctuation.

References

↑ World Braille Usage, UNESCO, -2013
↑ UNESCO (2013) World Braille Usage, 3rd edition.
↑ Unesco (2013) also has ⠐⠻ for ੜ੍ਹ ṛh, but this is an apparent copy error: ੜ੍ਹ is a sequence ṛ-h, not the equivalent of the single letter ṛh in other Indic scripts.

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[unesco3-1] World Braille Usage, UNESCO, -2013

[Unesco-2] UNESCO (2013) World Braille Usage, 3rd edition.

[3] Unesco (2013) also has ⠐⠻ for ੜ੍ਹ ṛh, but this is an apparent copy error: ੜ੍ਹ is a sequence ṛ-h, not the equivalent of the single letter ṛh in other Indic scripts.