Espiritú Santo Fault System
| Espíritu Santo Fault | |
|---|---|
| Falla de Espíritu Santo | |
  | |
| Etymology | Espíritu Santo River |
| Country |
 |
| Region | Andean |
| State | Antioquia |
| Characteristics | |
| Range | Central Ranges, Andes |
| Part of | Andean oblique faults |
| Length | 124.4 km (77.3 mi) |
| Strike | 033.9 ± 5 |
| Dip | Northwest |
| Dip angle | High to vertical |
| Displacement | 0.2–1 mm (0.0079–0.0394 in)/yr |
| Tectonics | |
| Plate | North Andean |
| Status | Active |
| Earthquakes | ~500 years ago |
| Type | Oblique strike-slip fault |
| Movement | Normal dextral |
| Rock units | Puquí Complex, Valdivia Group |
| Age | Quaternary |
| Orogeny | Andean |
The Espíritu Santo Fault (Spanish: Falla de Espíritu Santo) is a dextral oblique strike-slip fault in the department of Antioquia in northwestern Colombia. The fault has a total length of 124.4 kilometres (77.3 mi) and runs along an average northeast to southwest strike of 033.9 ± 5 in the Central Ranges of the Colombian Andes. Estimated activity took place around 500 years ago.
Etymology
The fault is named after the Espíritu Santo River, Antioquia.[1]
Description
The Espíritu Santo Fault is one of the more prominent Cenozoic faults in the northern Central Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The fault extends from the Sabanalarga Fault near the town of Liborina in the southwest, as far northeast as the town of Cáceres in the Bajo Cauca area. There, it disappears under young sediment of the Cauca and Nechí River valleys. It has a reverse sense in the northern part and normal sense in the southern part. The Espíritu Santo Fault places Precambrian metamorphic rocks to the south against Paleozoic metamorphic rocks to the north. The fault displaces rocks of the Puquí Complex, Valdivia Group, and mafic and ultramafic rocks and sediments of the Bajo Cauca.[1] The Santa Rita Fault terminates against the Espíritu Santo Fault.[2]
The fault forms well developed fault lines and valleys. The fault trace is marked by young morphologic features such as ground ruptures, saddles, shutter ridges, closed depressions, aligned and captured drainages and linear scarps on recent sediment. There is clear offset of 50-100 thousand year old terraces and Quaternary deposits around El Doce. In addition, the fault has displaced a Tertiary erosion surface. The last activity of the fault has been estimated at around 500 years ago.[3]
The fault displays dextral (right-lateral) movement in ramps, displacing older deformational structures and forming an intense cataclasis. Rotated foliations are observed in a northeasterly direction, overprinting older foliations of a north-northwest trend.[4]
See also
References
Bibliography
- Cuéllar Cárdenas, Mario Andrés; Julián Andrés López Isaza; Jairo Alonso Osorio Naranjo, and Edgar Joaquín Carrillo Lombana. 2012. Análisis estructural del segmento Bucaramanga del Sistema de Fallas de Bucaramanga (SFB) entre los municipios de Pailitas y Curumaní, Cesar - Colombia. Boletín de Geología, Universidad Industrial de Santander 34. 73–101. Accessed 2017-10-04.
- Paris, Gabriel; Michael N. Machette; Richard L. Dart, and Kathleen M. Haller. 2000a. Map and Database of Quaternary Faults and Folds in Colombia and its Offshore Regions, 1–66. USGS. Accessed 2017-09-18.
Maps
- Paris, Gabriel; Michael N. Machette; Richard L. Dart, and Kathleen M. Haller. 2000b. Map of Quaternary Faults and Folds of Colombia and Its Offshore Regions, 1. USGS. Accessed 2017-09-18.
Further reading
- Page, W.D. 1986. Seismic geology and seismicity of Northwestern Colombia, 1–200. San Francisco, California, Woodward-Clyde Consultants Report for ISA and Integral Ltda., Medellín.
