Council for Christian Colleges and Universities

Council for Christian Colleges & Universities

The Council for Christian Colleges & Universities (CCCU) is a higher education association of more than 180 Christian institutions around the world. With campuses across the globe, including more than 150 in the U.S. and Canada and nearly 30 more from an additional 18 countries, CCCU institutions are accredited, comprehensive colleges and universities whose missions are Christ-centered and rooted in the historic Christian faith. Most also have curricula rooted in the arts and sciences. The CCCU’s mission is to advance the cause of Christ-centered higher education and to help our institutions transform lives by faithfully relating scholarship and service to biblical truth.[1]

Location

The CCCU is a tax-exempt 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization headquartered in the historic district of Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C.. The Council also owns facilities in Oxford, England, for its Oxford student programmes and San Jose, Costa Rica, for its Latin American Studies Program. The CCCU leases spaces for the remaining Best Semester student programs around the world (see below). In 1989, the Council purchased the townhouse adjacent to The Dellenback Center for guest housing in its Capitol Hill location. In 1999, the Council purchased and renovated an existing townhouse to use as its main headquarters. The original two-story townhouse was constructed in the 1850s and is one of the few remaining wooden clapboard structures on Capitol Hill. It is within walking distance to Union Station, the Capitol and the Washington Mall.[2]

History

In 1976, presidents of colleges in the Christian College Consortium called a meeting in Washington, D.C. to organize a Coalition for Christian Colleges that could expand the objectives of the consortium. Representatives from 38 colleges participated in the founding meeting to establish a new organization to provide a unified voice representing the interests and concerns of Christian colleges to government decision makers and the general public.[3] The Coalition and the Consortium shared facilities until 1982, when the Consortium relocated to St. Paul, Minnesota and the Coalition formally incorporated as an independent organization. In 1995, the organization changed its name to the Coalition for Christian Colleges and Universities; in 1999 it changed again to the Council for Christian Colleges and Universities.[3]

Leadership

In September 2014, Shirley V. Hoogstra, J.D., was named the Council's seventh president.[4] Before that, she was the vice president for student life at Calvin College in Grand Rapids, Michigan, after having served for four years on Calvin’s Board of Trustees. While at Calvin, Hoogstra also served as a cabinet member who became familiar with team building, campus-wide planning and communications. She was also the co-host of Inner Compass, a nationally televised show on PBS.[5] She has served in a variety of volunteer leadership roles for CCCU institutes and commissions, and is the Council's first female president.[6] The previous president, Edward O. Blews Jr., served from January 1, 2013, to October 22, 2013.[7][8] William P. Robinson, former president of Whitworth University, was named the interim president[7] before Hoogstra was appointed. Most of the 17 members of the board of directors are presidents of member institutions.[9] The chair is James H. Barnes III, president of Bethel University. [10]

Services

With a $13 million budget, 65 employees and hundreds of volunteer leaders,[11] the CCCU provides more than 100 programs and services to fulfill the Council's mission and to meet the needs of Christ-centered colleges and universities. These include student global education opportunities, and many professional development opportunities for its members throughout the year, such as annual gatherings for its college and university presidents, and annual conferences for member Chief Institutional Development Officers; Communication, Marketing and Media Officers; Chief Enrollment Officers; Chief Financial Officers; Campus Ministry Directions, and other leadership development programs. Other member services include webinars, grant-making opportunities for scholarship and research, discipline specific forums, networking communities, a tuition waver exchange program, and an online career center.[12] Members also receive access to the Council's biannual magazine called CCCU ADVANCE, as well as regular news updates, website resources on scholarship, and information related to Christian higher education policy and issues.

Best Semester

The CCCU administers a number of student study programs around the world through its Best Semester programs.[13] More than 700 students take part in these academic programs each year. Students of CCCU member institutions have the opportunity to participate in study abroad programs that include course work, field experiences, cross cultural events and internships in Australia, Latin America, the Middle East, Northern Ireland, Oxford, England, and Uganda. There is also a public affairs program and a journalism program in Washington, D.C., a contemporary music program in Nashville, and a film studies program in Los Angeles. A program in Russia operated from 1994 to 2010.[14]

Membership

Following a dispute in 2015 about same-sex marriage that led to eight institutions withdrawing from the council, the CCCU adopted a new membership policy that was announced in 2016 and went into effect in July 2017.[15] The policy defined six criteria according to which affiliated schools would be designated as governing members, associate members, or collaborative partners.[16] Schools located outside of the United States or Canada are classified as International Affiliates.

Governing Member Institutions

Governing (voting) members must fulfill all six criteria:

  • Christian mission
  • Institutional type and accreditation (must offer a "comprehensive undergraduate curricula rooted in the arts and sciences")
  • Cooperation and participation (dues)
  • Institutional integrity (financial ethics)
  • Employment policies (full-time faculty and administrators must be professing Christians), and
  • Christian distinctions and advocacy (must support the advocacy agenda determined by the Board of Directors, including a sexual ethic committed to heterosexual marriage, care for the marginalized and suffering, and environmental stewardship).[15][16]
Institution
name
City/
town
State/
province
Total
enrollment
[17]
Current
affiliation
Year
founded
Regional
accreditation
[18][19][20][21][22][23]
Year
joined
[24][25][26]
Abilene Christian University Abilene Texas 4,461 Churches of Christ 1906 1971 1982
Anderson University Anderson Indiana 2,737 Church of God (Anderson) 1917 1946 1982
Anderson University Anderson South Carolina 3,500 South Carolina Baptist Convention 1848 1959 2011
Asbury University Wilmore Kentucky 1,613 None 1890 1940 1976
Azusa Pacific University Azusa California 10,755 None 1899 1961 1976
Belhaven University Jackson Mississippi 2,619 None 1883 1946 1979
Bethany Lutheran College Mankato Minnesota 600 Evangelical Lutheran Synod 1927 2017
Bethel College Mishawaka Indiana 2,075 Missionary Church 1947 1971 1984
Bethel University Arden Hills Minnesota 4,332 Baptist General Conference 1871 1959 1976
Biola University La Mirada California 6,301 None 1908 1961 1976
Bluefield College Bluefield Virginia 736 Baptist General Association of Virginia 1922 1949 2008
California Baptist University Riverside California 4,013 Southern Baptist Convention 1950 1961 1990
Calvin College Grand Rapids Michigan 4,171 Christian Reformed Church 1876 1930 1981
Campbellsville University Campbellsville Kentucky 2,830 Southern Baptist Convention 1906 1963 1976
Carson–Newman University Jefferson City Tennessee 2,032 Southern Baptist Convention 1851 1927 2003
Central Christian College of Kansas McPherson Kansas 1884 Free Methodist Church 1887
Charleston Southern University North Charleston South Carolina 3,298 South Carolina Baptist Convention 1964
College of the Ozarks Point Lookout Missouri 1,334 Presbyterian Church USA 1906 1961 1996
Colorado Christian University Lakewood Colorado 2,599 None 1914 1981 1985
Concordia University Irvine Irvine California 3,251 Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod 1976 1981 2011
Corban University Salem Oregon 1,031 Baptist 1935 1971 1992
Cornerstone University Grand Rapids Michigan 2,440 None 1941 1977 1991
Covenant College Lookout Mountain Georgia 1,343 Presbyterian Church in America 1955 1971 1976
Crown College St. Bonifacius Minnesota 1,229 Christian and Missionary Alliance 1916 1980 1997
Dallas Baptist University Dallas Texas 5,297 Baptist General Convention of Texas 1898 1959 1984
Dordt College Sioux Center Iowa 1,361 Christian Reformed Church 1955 1969 1981
East Texas Baptist University Marshall Texas 1,210 Southern Baptist Convention 1912 1957 1995
Eastern Nazarene College Quincy Massachusetts 1,000 Church of the Nazarene 1900 1943 1982
Eastern University St. Davids Pennsylvania 4,364 American Baptist Churches USA 1952 1954 1976
Emmanuel College Franklin Springs Georgia 800 International Pentecostal Holiness Church 1919 1967 2011
Erskine College Due West South Carolina 864 Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church 1839 1925 1981
Evangel University Springfield Missouri 1,911 Assemblies of God Church 1955 1965
Faulkner University Montgomery Alabama 3,574 Churches of Christ 1942
Fresno Pacific University Fresno California 2,436 Mennonite Brethren Church 1944 1961 1981
Geneva College Beaver Falls Pennsylvania 1,951 Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America 1848 1922 1976
George Fox University Newberg Oregon 3,383 Northwest Yearly Meeting of Friends 1885 1959 1976
Gordon College Wenham Massachusetts 1,748 None 1889 1961 1976
Grace College and Theological Seminary Winona Lake Indiana 1,509 Fellowship of Grace Brethren Churches 1948 1976 1976
Greenville College Greenville Illinois 1,618 Free Methodist Church 1892 1948 1976
Hannibal–LaGrange University Hannibal Missouri 1,150 Southern Baptist Convention 1928 2007 2010
Hardin–Simmons University Abilene Texas 2,387 Baptist General Convention of Texas 1891 1927 2003
Harding University Searcy Arkansas Churches of Christ 2015
Hope International University Fullerton California 864 None 1928 1969 1994
Houghton College Houghton New York 1,415 Wesleyan Church 1883 1935 1976
Houston Baptist University Houston Texas 2,564 Southern Baptist Convention 1960 1968 2000
Howard Payne University Brownwood Texas 1,388 Baptist General Convention of Texas 1889 1948 2000
Huntington University Huntington Indiana 1,230 United Brethren Church 1897 1961 1978
Indiana Wesleyan University Marion Indiana 14,959 Wesleyan Church 1920 1966 1976
John Brown University Siloam Springs Arkansas 2,017 None 1919 1962 1976
Judson College Marion Alabama 324 Southern Baptist Convention 1838 1925
Judson University Elgin Illinois 1,239 American Baptist Churches USA 1963 1973
Kentucky Christian University Grayson Kentucky 662 Christian churches and churches of Christ 1919 1984 1999
King University Bristol Tennessee 1,702 Presbyterian Church USA 1867 1947 1979
The King's University Edmonton Alberta 652* None 1979 - 1987
Lee University Cleveland Tennessee 4,922 Church of God (Cleveland) 1918 1960 1981
LeTourneau University Longview Texas 3,662 None 1946 1970 1985
Lipscomb University Nashville Tennessee 4,580 Churches of Christ 1891 1954 1999
Louisiana College Pineville Louisiana 1,096 Southern Baptist Convention 1906 1923 2003
Malone University Canton Ohio 2,442 Evangelical Friends Church - Eastern Region 1892 1964 1976
Messiah College Grantham Pennsylvania 2,802 None 1909 1963 1976
MidAmerica Nazarene University Olathe Kansas 1,743 Church of the Nazarene 1966 1974 1978
Milligan College Carter County Tennessee 1,018 Christian churches and churches of Christ 1866 1960 1984
Mississippi College Clinton Mississippi 4,741 Southern Baptist Convention 1826 1922 2003
Missouri Baptist University St. Louis Missouri 4,614 Baptist 1957 1978 2005
Montreat College Montreat North Carolina 1,113 None 1916 1960 1985
Mount Vernon Nazarene University Mount Vernon Ohio 2,558 Church of the Nazarene 1968 1972 1982
North Central University Minneapolis Minnesota 1,200 General Council of the Assemblies of God in the United States of America 1930 1964 2010
North Greenville University Tigerville South Carolina 2,160 Southern Baptist Convention 1891 1957 2000
North Park University Chicago Illinois 3,244 Evangelical Covenant Church 1891 1926 1981
Northwest Christian University Eugene Oregon 534 Christian churches and churches of Christ and Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) 1895 1962 1981
Northwest Nazarene University Nampa Idaho 1,939 Church of the Nazarene 1913 1930 1979
Northwest University Kirkland Washington 1,246 Assemblies of God Church 1934 1973 1992
Northwestern College Orange City Iowa 1,226 Reformed Church in America 1882 1953
Nyack College Nyack New York 3,041 Christian and Missionary Alliance 1882 1962 1976
Oklahoma Baptist University Shawnee Oklahoma 1,769 Southern Baptist Convention 1910 1952 1994
Oklahoma Christian University Oklahoma City Oklahoma 2,166 Churches of Christ 1950 1966 1998
Olivet Nazarene University Bourbonnais Illinois 4,579 Church of the Nazarene 1907 1956 1978
Oral Roberts University Tulsa Oklahoma 3,067 None 1963 1971 1997
Palm Beach Atlantic University West Palm Beach Florida 3,226 None 1968 1972 1982
Point Loma Nazarene University San Diego California 3,390 Church of the Nazarene 1902 1949 1979
Redeemer University College Ancaster Ontario 715 None 1982 - 1986
Regent University Virginia Beach Virginia 5,915 1978
Roberts Wesleyan College North Chili New York 1,902 Free Methodist Church 1866 1963 1982
San Diego Christian College El Cajon California 916 None 1970 1984 2008
Simpson University Redding California 1,147 Christian and Missionary Alliance 1921 1969 1976
Southeastern University Lakeland Florida 3,075 Assemblies of God Church 1935 1986 2002
Southern Nazarene University Bethany Oklahoma 2,069 Church of the Nazarene 1899 1956 1978
Southern Wesleyan University Central South Carolina 2,391 Wesleyan Church 1906 1973 1978
Southwest Baptist University Bolivar Missouri 3,656 Southern Baptist Convention 1878 1957 1995
Spring Arbor University Spring Arbor Michigan 3,973 Free Methodist Church 1873 1960 1978
Sterling College Sterling Kansas 653 Presbyterian Church USA 1887 1928/1957 1980
Tabor College Hillsboro Kansas 612 Mennonite Brethren Church 1908 1965 1979
Taylor University Upland Indiana 1,871 None 1846 1947 1976
Toccoa Falls College Toccoa Falls Georgia 899 Christian and Missionary Alliance 1911 1983 2008
Trevecca Nazarene University Nashville Tennessee 2,366 Church of the Nazarene 1901 1969 1980
Trinity Christian College Palos Heights Illinois 1,404 None 1959 1976 1980
Trinity International University Deerfield Illinois 2,694 Evangelical Free Church 1897 1969 1976
Trinity Western University Langley British Columbia 3,017* Evangelical Free Church 1962 - 1986
University of Mary Hardin-Baylor Belton Texas 2,648 Baptist General Convention of Texas 1845 1926 2008
University of Mobile Prichard Alabama 1,577 Alabama Baptist Convention 1961
University of Northwestern – St. Paul Roseville Minnesota 3,427 None 1902 1978
University of Sioux Falls Sioux Falls South Dakota 1,589 American Baptist Churches USA 1883 1931/1958 1981
University of the Southwest Hobbs New Mexico 509 Baptist 1962 1980 2008
Vanguard University of Southern California Costa Mesa California 2,149 Assemblies of God Church 1920 1964
Warner Pacific College Portland Oregon 973 Church of God (Anderson) 1937 1961 1982
Warner University Lake Wales Florida 1,154 Church of God (Anderson) 1968 1977 1982
Westmont College Santa Barbara California 1,340 None 1937 1957 1976
Wheaton College Wheaton Illinois 2,915 None 1860 1916 1976
Whitworth University Spokane Washington 2,704 Presbyterian Church USA 1890 1933 1981
William Jessup University Rocklin California 1,280 Nondenominational Christianity 1939
Williams Baptist College Walnut Ridge Arkansas 560 Southern Baptist Convention 1941 1963 1994
Wisconsin Lutheran College Milwaukee Wisconsin Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod 2015
York College York Nebraska 459 Churches of Christ 1890

Associate Member Institutions

Associate members must meet all the same criteria as governing members except institutional type and accreditation. Thus, institutions that do not offer a comprehensive undergraduate program (including Bible colleges or seminaries) can be associate members.

Institution Location Denominational affiliation Founded Enrollment* Year Joined
Ambrose University College Calgary, Alberta Christian and Missionary Alliance; Church of the Nazarene 1921 800
Arizona Christian University Phoenix, Arizona None 1960 683
Asbury Theological Seminary Wilmore, Kentucky None 1923 1,662
Booth University College Winnipeg, Manitoba Salvation Army 1982 200
Briercrest College and Seminary Caronport, Saskatchewan 1935 640
Cairn University Langhorne, Pennsylvania None 1913 1,227
Columbia International University Columbia, South Carolina None 1923 1,250
Crandall University Moncton, New Brunswick Canadian Baptist 1949 685
Dallas Theological Seminary Dallas, Texas None 1924 2,149
Fuller Theological Seminary Pasadena, California None 1947 4,300
Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary South Hamilton, Massachusetts None
Johnson University Knoxville, Tennessee 1893 956
Kilns College Bend, Oregon 2017[27]
Kuyper College Grand Rapids, Michigan 1939
Life Pacific College San Dimas, California International Church of the Foursquare Gospel 1923
Lincoln Christian University Lincoln, Illinois Christian Churches and Churches of Christ 1944 1,050
McMaster Divinity College Hamilton, Ontario Canadian Baptist 1838
Mid-Atlantic Christian University Elizabeth City, North Carolina Christian Churches and Churches of Christ
Moody Bible Institute Chicago, Illinois 1886 3,701
Multnomah University Portland, Oregon None 1936 600
New Saint Andrews College Moscow, Idaho
Ohio Christian University Circleville, Ohio Churches of Christ in Christian Union
Prairie College Three Hills, Alberta 1922 285
Providence Christian College Pasadena, California None 2002 100
Providence University College and Theological Seminary Otterburne, Manitoba None 1925
Southwestern Assemblies of God University Waxahachie, Texas Assemblies of God 1927 1,703
Southwestern Christian University Bethany, Oklahoma International Pentecostal Holiness Church
The King's College New York City, New York None 1938 856
Tyndale University College and Seminary Toronto, Ontario None 1894 1,361
University of Valley Forge Phoenixville, Pennsylvania Assemblies of God 1939 1,130

Collaborative Partner Institutions

Collaborative partners must meet the first four criteria set for governing members (Christian mission, institutional type and accreditation, cooperation and participation, and institutional integrity), but may depart from last two: employment policies and Christian distinctions and advocacy. Institutions that do not require all of their faculty to be professing Christians and/or do not agree with all elements of the CCCU's advocacy agenda, but nevertheless wish to take part in the council's programs and partnerships, may be collaborative partners.[16]

Institution Location Denominational affiliation Founded Enrollment* Year Joined
Baylor University Waco, Texas Baptist 1845 16,263
Campbell University Buies Creek, North Carolina Southern Baptist 1887 7,121
Franciscan University of Steubenville Steubenville, Ohio Roman Catholic 1946 2,112
Friends University Wichita, Kansas None 1898 2,782
Pepperdine University Malibu, California Churches of Christ 1937 3,474
Samford University Homewood, Alabama Southern Baptist 1841 4,933
Seattle Pacific University Seattle, Washington Free Methodist 1891 3,891 1976
Walla Walla University College Place, Washington Seventh-Day Adventist 1892 1,940
Warner Pacific College Portland, Oregon Church of God (Anderson) 1937 973 1982
Whitworth University Spokane, Washington Presbyterian Church (USA) 1890 2,704 1981

International Affiliates

At the end of 2017, the CCCU had 29 affiliated institutions in 18 countries outside the United States and Canada.

Institution Location Founded Enrollment* Year Joined
Africa International University Nairobi, Kenya 1983
Africa Nazarene University Nairobi, Kenya 1994
Alphacrucis College Parramatta, New South Wales 1948 500
Avondale College Cooranbong, New South Wales 1897 1,300
Central University College Accra, Ghana 1998 8,400
Christelijke Hogeschool Ede Ede, Netherlands 1994 4,200
Christian Heritage College Brisbane, Australia
Christ's College Taipei, Taiwan
CSI Bishop Appasamy College of Arts and Sciences Coimbatore, India
Excelsia College Macquarie Park, New South Wales
Handong Global University Pohang, South Korea 1995 3,561
Jerusalem University College Jerusalem, Israel 1957
John Wesley Theological College Budapest, Hungary
Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church in Hungary Budapest, Hungary 1855
KC University Seoul, South Korea
Laidlaw College Auckland, New Zealand 1922
LCC International University Klaipėda, Lithuania 1991 650
Nazarene Theological College Manchester, England 1944
North Haiti Christian University Limbé, Nord, Haiti
Queensland University Port-au-Prince, Haiti
Seoul Theological University Bucheon, South Korea 2017[27]
Sheng-te Christian College Taoyuan City, Taiwan
Tokyo Christian University Inzai, Chiba, Japan 1966
Uganda Christian University Mukono, Uganda 1997 11,000
Universidad Evangélica Boliviana Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
Universidad Nacional Evangelica Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
Universitas Pelita Harapan Banten, Indonesia 1994
University of the Holy Land Jerusalem, Israel

Controversies

In 2015, Union University[28] and Oklahoma Wesleyan University[29] withdrew from membership in the CCCU because of a policy change by two member institutions to hire same-sex couples. A potential split within the CCCU was avoided with the announcement on September 21, 2015 that both Goshen College and Eastern Mennonite University, the two colleges that changed their policies to hire same-sex couples, had withdrawn from the council. The council issued a statement affirming the traditional Christian view of marriage as between a man and a woman.[30] A task force was appointed to examine the rationale for the existing associational categories plus address how to remain rooted in traditional Christianity, leading to the announcement of a new membership policy in 2016.[31] Bluffton University also withdrew its membership in the council in December 2015 when it announced a policy change to allow hiring gay and lesbian employees.[32]

On November 3, 2015, The Master's College announced their withdrawal from the CCCU due to the college's "concerns about the direction of the CCCU" on issues such as Creation and Evolution and same-sex marriage, stating that "the vast majority of [CCCU] member schools do not accept the Genesis account of creation or the inerrancy of Scripture".[33] Cedarville University and Shorter University also withdrew from the council over concerns that the council's rejection of same-sex marriage was not swift or complete enough.[34]

References

  1. ↑ "About the CCCU | CCCU". CCCU. Retrieved 2018-03-02.
  2. ↑ "Council for Christian Colleges & Universities - Location". Cccu.org. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
  3. 1 2 Balmer, Randall (2002). "Council for Christian Colleges and Universities". Encyclopedia of Evangelicalism. Louisville: Westminster John Knox.
  4. ↑ "Council for Christian Colleges & Universities - President-Elect". Council for Christian Colleges & Universities. Retrieved 2015-09-25.
  5. ↑ "Calvin College - Inner Compass - Television Interview Show". Calvin College.
  6. ↑ "CCCU Names First Woman as President Following Controversial Firing of Previous Leader". Christian Post.
  7. 1 2 Goldie Blumenstyk (24 October 2013). "Christian-College Group Dismisses Its New President Without Explanation". The Chronicle of Higher Education. Archived from the original on 2018-01-24.
  8. ↑ Jeremy Weber (22 October 2013). "After 'Careful Investigation,' Council for Christian Colleges and Universities Ousts President". Christianity Today. Retrieved 2015-09-25.
  9. ↑ "Council for Christian Colleges & Universities - Board Of Directors". www.cccu.org. Retrieved 2017-05-30.
  10. ↑ "CCCU Leadership | CCCU". CCCU. Retrieved 2018-03-02.
  11. ↑ "Programs and Services". CCCU. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
  12. ↑ "Office of Professional Development & Research". Cccu.org. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
  13. ↑ Council for Christian Colleges & Universities (CCCU) (2015-02-12). "BestSemester". BestSemester. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
  14. ↑ "BestSemester Magazine Spring 2010". Issuu. Retrieved 2018-02-01.
  15. 1 2 Derrick, J.C. (October 3, 2016). "CCCU adopts new membership policy". www.bpnews.net. Archived from the original on 2016-10-18. Retrieved 2018-01-17.
  16. 1 2 3 "Our Institutions | CCCU". CCCU. Retrieved 2018-01-17.
  17. ↑ "Search For Schools and Colleges". Nces.ed.gov. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
  18. ↑ Archived August 28, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
  19. ↑ http://www.msche.org/Institutions_Directory.asp
  20. ↑ "Commission on Colleges". Sacscoc.org. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
  21. ↑ "Criteria and Core Components | Criteria, Eligibility and Candidacy | Accreditation Processes". Ncahlc.org. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
  22. ↑ "All NWCCU Institutions". Nwccu.org. Archived from the original on 2005-01-24. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
  23. ↑ "Institutions | WASC Senior College and University Commission". Wascsenior.org (in Walloon). Retrieved 2016-02-01.
  24. ↑ Archived October 18, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
  25. ↑ "Two New Colleges Join the CCCU". the way of improvement leads home. 2015-08-19. Retrieved 2018-01-16.
  26. ↑ "Three New Institutions Join CCCU". CCCU. August 29, 2017. Retrieved 2017-12-23.
  27. 1 2 "CCCU Adds Two New Affiliates". CCCU. February 24, 2017. Retrieved 2018-02-01.
  28. ↑ "CCCU loses Union University". World Magazine. 12 August 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-08-13. Retrieved 2015-08-14.
  29. ↑ J.C. Derrick (31 August 2015). "Second school leaves the CCCU". WORLD Magazine. Archived from the original on 2015-09-02. Retrieved 2015-09-06.
  30. ↑ "Statement by the Council for Christian Colleges and Universities (CCCU) Board of Directors re: Membership Consultation Process and Ongoing Commitment to Mission". Council for Christian Colleges and Universities. September 21, 2015. Archived from the original on October 25, 2015. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
  31. ↑ J.C. Derrick (21 September 2015). "EMU, Goshen voluntarily leave CCCU". WORLD. Archived from the original on 2015-09-22. Retrieved 2015-09-25.
  32. ↑ Jaschik, Scott (December 8, 2015). "Another Christian College Will Hire Gay People | Inside Higher Ed". Retrieved 2018-01-17.
  33. ↑ "Master's Moment: TMC Withdraws from CCCU". Us9.campaign-archive1.com. 2015-11-03. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
  34. ↑ Derrick, J.C. (July 29, 2016). "CCCU board considers membership requirements". www.bpnews.net. Archived from the original on 2016-07-30. Retrieved 2018-01-17.
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