This article is about the Christchurch Central electorate. For the Christchurch central city suburb, see
Christchurch Central City.
Christchurch Central electorate boundaries used since the
2014 election
Christchurch Central is a New Zealand parliamentary electorate in the South Island city of Christchurch. The electorate was established for the 1946 election and, until 2011 had always been won by the Labour Party. Since 2008, the incumbent was Brendon Burns but the election night results for the 2011 election resulted in a tie; the special vote results combined with a judicial recount revealed a 47-vote majority for Nicky Wagner, the National list MP based in the electorate. Wagner significantly increased her winning margin in the 2014 election after having declared the electorate "unwinnable" for National earlier in the year following a boundary review.
Population centres
Christchurch Central electorate boundaries for the 2008 and 2011 elections
The 1941 census had been postponed due to World War II, so the 1946 electoral redistribution had to take ten years of population growth and movements into account. The North Island gained a further two electorates from the South Island due to faster population growth. The abolition of the country quota through the Electoral Amendment Act, 1945 reduced the number and increased the size of rural electorates. None of the existing electorates remained unchanged, 27 electorates were abolished, eight former electorates were re-established, and 19 electorates were created for the first time, including Christchurch Central.
As the name suggests, the electorate covers the Christchurch Central City, plus several inner suburbs to the north and east of the central city. Since the 2008 election, the following suburbs, in alphabetical order, are at least partially located in the electorate: Avonside, Central City, Edgeware, Linwood, Mairehau, Merivale, North Linwood, Northcote, Papanui, Phillipstown, Redwood, Richmond, Shirley, St Albans, Sydenham, and Waltham.[2] In the 2013/14 redistribution, the electorate lost Mairehau and Shirley to Christchurch East and gained more of Sydenham and Beckenham from Port Hills and more of Redwood from Waimakariri.[3]
History
The Christchurch Central electorate was created in 1946,[4] Labour has won the seat in each election since the electorate's establishment, though a high turnout for the Alliance did see Tim Barnett's 1996 majority come in at under a thousand. The incumbent, Brendon Burns, had a majority in the 2008 election of also just under one thousand.[5]
The first representative was Robert Macfarlane, who had earlier represented the Christchurch South electorate. He held Christchurch Central until the 1969 election, when he retired. He was succeeded by Bruce Barclay, who died in office in 1979. This caused the 1979 by-election held on 18 August, which was won by Geoffrey Palmer. Palmer would eventually go on to become Prime Minister.[6]
Palmer retired at the 1990 election and was succeeded by Lianne Dalziel. At the 1996 election, i.e. with the advent of MMP, Dalziel did not contest an electorate but stood as a list candidate only. Tim Barnett succeeded her and held the electorate until the 2008 election, when he retired. Brendon Burns succeeded Barnett.
The election night results for the 2011 election resulted in a tie; Burns and Nicky Wagner of the National Party received 10,493 votes each. The outcome of the election thus depended on the special votes.[7] This was the first time a tie result had been achieved since 1928.[8] When the final vote count was announce on 10 December Wagner was declared the winner with a majority of 45 over Burns, making the result the second-smallest majority after Waitakere. Due to the closeness of the results a judicial recount was held where Wagner's Majority increased by 2 votes to 47.[9][10]
When draft electoral boundary changes were released, Wagner declared the electorate "unwinnable" for National. Although she was expected to not contest the 2014 general election, she announced at the end of January 2014 that she will try to defend her seat.[11] Labour chose Tony Milne as their candidate for Christchurch Central.[12] Wagner had a 2,420 majority over Milne.[13] The Labour Party chose Duncan Webb as its candidate for the 2017 general election He is a prominent lawyer and earthquake claims advocate.[14]
List MPs
Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested the Christchurch Central electorate.
Election results
2017 election
General election, 2017: Christchurch Central[15] |
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
Party votes |
% |
±% |
|
Labour |
Duncan Webb |
16,631 |
47.47 |
+8.54 |
14,541 |
40.57 |
+14.31 |
|
National |
N Nicky Wagner |
13,760 |
39.27 |
−6.95 |
13,956 |
38.94 |
−5.72 |
|
Green |
Peter Richardson |
1,957 |
5.58 |
−2.85 |
3,492 |
9.74 |
−6.08 |
|
NZ First |
Phil Robinson |
1,091 |
3.11 |
−0.64 |
1,869 |
5.21 |
−1.98 |
|
Opportunities |
Doug Hill |
879 |
2.50 |
— |
1,246 |
3.47 |
— |
|
Legalise Cannabis |
Janine Shufflebotham |
304 |
0.86 |
— |
108 |
0.30 |
−0.18 |
|
United Future |
Ian Gaskin |
80 |
0.22 |
— |
45 |
0.12 |
−0.05 |
|
ACT |
|
155 |
0.43 |
−0.06 |
|
Māori |
|
139 |
0.38 |
−0.08 |
|
Conservative |
|
94 |
0.26 |
−2.85 |
|
Outdoors |
|
21 |
0.05 |
— |
|
Ban 1080 |
|
21 |
0.05 |
−0.03 |
|
People's Party |
|
16 |
0.04 |
— |
|
Mana |
|
11 |
0.03 |
−1.00[lower-alpha 1] |
|
Internet |
|
8 |
0.02 |
−1.01[lower-alpha 2] |
|
Democrats |
|
5 |
0.01 |
−0.08 |
Informal votes |
331 |
|
|
111 |
|
|
Total Valid votes |
35,033 |
|
|
35,838 |
|
|
Turnout |
36,220 |
81.01[16] |
+2.51 |
|
|
Labour gain from National |
Majority |
2,871 |
8.20 |
+15.49 |
|
2014 election
General election, 2014: Christchurch Central[17] |
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
Party votes |
% |
±% |
|
National |
Y Nicky Wagner |
15,346 |
46.22 |
+1.69 |
15,301 |
44.66 |
+0.03 |
|
Labour |
Tony Milne |
12,926 |
38.93 |
−5.43 |
8,995 |
26.25 |
−3.15 |
|
Green |
David Moorhouse |
2,800 |
8.43 |
−0.14 |
5,419 |
15.82 |
−0.44 |
|
NZ First |
George Abraham |
1,245 |
3.75 |
+3.75 |
2,462 |
7.19 |
+2.23 |
|
Conservative |
Michael Cooke |
598 |
1.80 |
+0.18 |
1,065 |
3.11 |
+1.37 |
|
ACT |
Toni Severin |
122 |
0.37 |
−0.04 |
167 |
0.49 |
−0.29 |
|
Māori |
Lenis Davidson |
109 |
0.33 |
+0.33 |
157 |
0.46 |
−0.04 |
|
Democrats |
Robin Columbus |
57 |
0.17 |
+0.17 |
30 |
0.09 |
+0.06 |
|
Internet Mana |
|
353 |
1.03 |
+0.67[lower-alpha 3] |
|
Legalise Cannabis |
|
165 |
0.48 |
−0.16 |
|
United Future |
|
79 |
0.23 |
−0.31 |
|
Civilian |
|
40 |
0.12 |
+0.12 |
|
Ban 1080 |
|
27 |
0.08 |
+0.08 |
|
Independent Coalition |
|
3 |
0.01 |
+0.01 |
|
Focus |
|
1 |
0.00 |
+0.00 |
Informal votes |
281 |
|
|
108 |
|
|
Total Valid votes |
33,203 |
|
|
34,264 |
|
|
Turnout |
34,480 |
78.01 |
+6.32 |
|
|
National hold |
Majority |
2,420 |
7.29 |
+7.12 |
|
2011 election
General election, 2011: Christchurch Central[18] |
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
Party votes |
% |
±% |
|
National |
Nicky Wagner |
12,064 |
44.53 |
+3.61 |
12,506 |
44.63 |
+7.05 |
|
Labour |
N Brendon Burns |
12,017 |
44.36 |
+0.52 |
8,240 |
29.40 |
-9.96 |
|
Green |
David Moorhouse |
2,321 |
8.57 |
+0.14 |
4,556 |
16.26 |
+5.09 |
|
Conservative |
Michael Cooke |
439 |
1.62 |
+1.62 |
487 |
1.74 |
+1.74 |
|
Independent |
Luke Chandler |
138 |
0.51 |
+0.51 |
|
|
ACT |
Toni Severin |
110 |
0.41 |
-1.09 |
219 |
0.78 |
-1.93 |
|
NZ First |
|
1,391 |
4.96 |
+1.83 |
|
Legalise Cannabis |
|
180 |
0.64 |
+0.08 |
|
United Future |
|
151 |
0.54 |
-0.18 |
|
Māori |
|
139 |
0.50 |
-0.20 |
|
Mana |
|
100 |
0.36 |
+0.36 |
|
Alliance |
|
24 |
0.09 |
-0.04 |
|
Libertarianz |
|
22 |
0.08 |
+0.01 |
|
Democrats |
|
9 |
0.03 |
-0.02 |
Informal votes |
532 |
|
|
237 |
|
|
Total Valid votes |
27,089 |
|
|
28,024 |
|
|
|
National gain from Labour |
Majority |
47 |
0.17 |
+3.08 |
|
Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 39,419[19]
2008 election
General election, 2008: Christchurch Central[20] |
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
Party votes |
% |
±% |
|
Labour |
Brendon Burns |
14,078 |
43.83 |
-8.74 |
12,999 |
39.36 |
-8.95 |
|
National |
Nicky Wagner |
13,143 |
40.92 |
11.65 |
12,409 |
37.58 |
+7.07 |
|
Green |
Jan McLauchlan |
2,708 |
8.43 |
+1.78 |
3,688 |
11.17 |
+1.47 |
|
Progressive |
Somnath Bagchi |
598 |
1.86 |
-1.34 |
697 |
2.11 |
+0.25 |
|
Legalise Cannabis |
Michael Britnell |
487 |
1.52 |
– |
187 |
0.57 |
+0.20 |
|
ACT |
Toni Severin |
482 |
1.50 |
+0.49 |
897 |
2.72 |
+1.66 |
|
Kiwi |
Andrew Beaven |
353 |
1.10 |
– |
218 |
0.66 |
– |
|
Workers Party |
Byron Clark[lower-alpha 4] |
164 |
0.51 |
+0.24 |
33 |
0.10 |
|
|
Alliance |
Greg Kleis |
103 |
0.32 |
– |
41 |
0.12 |
+0.01 |
|
NZ First |
|
1,036 |
3.14 |
-0.90 |
|
United Future |
|
239 |
0.72 |
-2.32 |
|
Māori |
|
230 |
0.70 |
0.36 |
|
Bill and Ben |
|
187 |
0.57 |
– |
|
Family Party |
|
87 |
0.26 |
– |
|
Pacific |
|
31 |
0.09 |
– |
|
Libertarianz |
|
21 |
0.06 |
+0.04 |
|
Democrats |
|
16 |
0.05 |
+0.00 |
|
RONZ |
|
5 |
0.02 |
+0.00 |
|
RAM |
|
2 |
0.01 |
– |
Informal votes |
306 |
|
|
119 |
|
|
Total Valid votes |
32,116 |
|
|
33,023 |
|
|
|
Labour hold |
Majority |
935 |
2.91 |
-20.38 |
|
2005 election
General election, 2005: Christchurch Central[21] |
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
Party votes |
% |
±% |
|
Labour |
Y Tim Barnett |
17,685 |
52.57 |
|
16,652 |
48.31 |
|
|
National |
Nicky Wagner |
9,849 |
29.28 |
|
10,515 |
30.51 |
|
|
Green |
Natalie Cutler-Welsh |
2,236 |
6.65 |
|
3,342 |
9.70 |
|
|
NZ First |
Kevin Gardener |
1,022 |
3.04 |
|
1,391 |
4.04 |
|
|
Progressive |
Megan Woods |
1,077 |
3.20 |
|
643 |
1.87 |
|
|
United Future |
John van Buren |
761 |
2.26 |
|
1,048 |
3.04 |
|
|
ACT |
Shirley Marshall |
340 |
1.01 |
|
364 |
1.06 |
|
|
Destiny |
Anita Breach |
338 |
1.01 |
|
144 |
0.42 |
|
|
Māori |
Darryl Gregory |
188 |
0.56 |
|
116 |
0.34 |
|
|
Anti-Capitalist Alliance |
Byron Clark |
90 |
0.27 |
|
|
|
Communist League |
Annalucia Vermunt |
53 |
0.16 |
|
|
|
Legalise Cannabis |
|
125 |
0.36 |
|
|
Alliance |
|
40 |
0.12 |
|
|
Christian Heritage |
|
37 |
0.11 |
|
|
Democrats |
|
15 |
0.04 |
|
|
99 MP |
|
10 |
0.03 |
|
|
Libertarianz |
|
9 |
0.03 |
|
|
Direct Democracy |
|
7 |
0.02 |
|
|
RONZ |
|
5 |
0.01 |
|
|
Family Rights |
|
4 |
0.01 |
|
|
One NZ |
|
2 |
0.01 |
|
Informal votes |
410 |
|
|
193 |
|
|
Total Valid votes |
33,639 |
|
|
34,469 |
|
|
|
Labour hold |
Majority |
7,836 |
|
|
|
2002 election
General election, 2002: Christchurch Central[22] |
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
Party votes |
% |
±% |
|
Labour |
Y Tim Barnett |
17,190 |
56.2 |
|
13,853 |
43.4 |
|
|
National |
Nicky Wagner |
6,837 |
22.4 |
|
5,338 |
17.0 |
|
|
Green |
Matt Morris |
1,791 |
5.9 |
|
3,479 |
11.1 |
|
|
United Future |
Stephen Russell |
1,160 |
3.8 |
|
2,118 |
6.8 |
|
|
Christian Heritage |
Vic Pollard |
874 |
2.9 |
|
430 |
1.4 |
|
|
ACT |
Anthony Watson |
762 |
2.5 |
|
1,845 |
5.9 |
|
|
Progressive |
Fleur Churton |
761 |
2.5 |
|
930 |
3.0 |
|
|
Alliance |
Liz Gordon |
635 |
2.1 |
|
598 |
1.9 |
|
|
Legalise Cannabis |
Jeanette Saxby |
469 |
1.5 |
|
327 |
1.0 |
|
|
Communist League |
Appu Baskaran |
99 |
0.3 |
|
|
|
NZ First |
|
2,106 |
6.7 |
|
|
ORNZ |
|
280 |
0.9 |
|
|
One NZ |
|
16 |
0.1 |
|
|
Mana Māori |
|
10 |
<0.1 |
|
|
NMP |
|
3 |
(0.1 |
|
Informal votes |
516 |
|
|
135 |
|
|
Total Valid votes |
30,578 |
|
|
31,333 |
|
|
|
Labour hold |
Majority |
10,353 |
|
|
|
1999 election
General election, 1999: Christchurch Central[23][24] |
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
Party votes |
% |
±% |
|
Labour |
Y Tim Barnett |
17,229 |
52.80 |
|
13,407 |
|
|
|
National |
John Stringer |
7,825 |
23.98 |
|
8,887 |
|
|
|
Alliance |
Liz Gordon |
2,690 |
8.24 |
|
3,369 |
|
|
|
Green |
Diana Pennell |
1,658 |
5.08 |
|
2,421 |
|
|
|
ACT |
Katherine Sillars |
951 |
2.91 |
|
1,731 |
|
|
|
Christian Heritage |
John Bryant |
689 |
2.11 |
|
695 |
|
|
|
NZ First |
John Ballantyne |
641 |
1.96 |
|
880 |
|
|
|
Future NZ |
Daryl Gregory |
481 |
1.47 |
|
423 |
|
|
|
McGillicuddy Serious |
Cecil G. Murgatroyd |
232 |
0.71 |
|
56 |
|
|
|
Independent |
David Ball |
132 |
0.40 |
|
|
|
Communist League |
Ruth Gray |
51 |
0.16 |
|
|
|
National Democrats |
Anton Foljambe |
44 |
0.13 |
|
|
|
Dominion Workers |
Clifford Mundy |
9 |
0.03 |
|
|
|
Legalise Cannabis |
|
584 |
|
|
|
United NZ |
|
154 |
|
|
|
Libertarianz |
|
132 |
|
|
|
South Island |
|
69 |
|
|
|
Animals First |
|
58 |
|
|
|
Natural Law |
|
17 |
|
|
|
Mauri Pacific |
|
7 |
|
|
|
One NZ |
|
7 |
|
|
|
Republican |
|
7 |
|
|
|
Mana Māori |
|
6 |
|
|
|
NMP |
|
4 |
|
|
|
Freedom Movement |
|
2 |
|
|
|
People's Choice Party |
|
2 |
|
|
Informal votes |
|
|
|
267 |
|
|
Total Valid votes |
|
|
|
32,918 |
|
|
|
Labour hold |
Majority |
9,404 |
|
|
|
1996 election
General election, 1996: Christchurch Central[25][26][27] |
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
Party votes |
% |
±% |
|
Labour |
Tim Barnett |
9,689 |
32.28 |
|
9,967 |
32.79 |
|
|
National |
Kerry Sullivan |
9,036 |
30.10 |
|
9,355 |
30.77 |
|
|
Alliance |
Liz Gordon |
6,377 |
21.25 |
|
4,372 |
14.38 |
|
|
NZ First |
Ron Mark |
3,067 |
10.22 |
|
2,434 |
8.01 |
|
|
ACT |
Matthew Ball |
953 |
3.18 |
|
1,517 |
4.99 |
|
|
Progressive Greens |
Gillian Baillie |
386 |
1.29 |
|
106 |
0.35 |
|
|
United NZ |
Jacinta Grice |
224 |
0.75 |
|
226 |
0.74 |
|
|
Natural Law |
Raymond Cain |
112 |
0.37 |
|
66 |
0.22 |
|
|
Independent |
David Christopher Ball |
102 |
0.34 |
|
|
|
Communist League |
Patrick Brown |
69 |
0.23 |
|
|
|
Christian Coalition |
|
1,162 |
3.82 |
|
|
Legalise Cannabis |
|
931 |
3.06 |
|
|
McGillicuddy Serious |
|
102 |
0.34 |
|
|
Animals First |
|
85 |
0.28 |
|
|
Green Society |
|
19 |
0.06 |
|
|
Superannuitants & Youth |
|
16 |
0.05 |
|
|
Mana Māori |
|
11 |
0.04 |
|
|
Ethnic Minority Party |
|
10 |
0.03 |
|
|
Conservatives |
|
8 |
0.03 |
|
|
Libertarianz |
|
7 |
0.02 |
|
|
Advance New Zealand |
|
3 |
0.01 |
|
|
Asia Pacific United |
|
1 |
0.00 |
|
|
Te Tawharau |
|
1 |
0.00 |
|
Informal votes |
476 |
|
|
92 |
|
|
Total Valid votes |
30,015 |
|
|
30,399 |
|
|
|
Labour hold |
Majority |
653 |
2.18 |
|
|
- ↑ 2017 Mana Party swing is relative to the votes for Internet-Mana in 2014; it shared a party list with the Internet Party in the 2014 election
- ↑ 2017 Internet Party swing is relative to the votes for Internet-Mana in 2014; it shared a party list with Mana Party in the 2014 election
- ↑ 2014 Internet Mana swing is relative to the votes for Mana in 2011; it shared a party list with Internet in the 2014 election.
- ↑ Byron Clark contested the seat in the 2005 election for the same party, which was then called the Anti-Capitalist Alliance.
Notes
- ↑ "Electorate Boundaries". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 24 November 2011.
- ↑ Report of the Representation Commission 2014 (PDF). Representation Commission. 4 April 2014. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-477-10414-2. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
- ↑ Scholefield, Guy (1950) [First ed. published 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949 (3rd ed.). Wellington: Govt. Printer. p. 156.
- ↑ New Zealand Parliament — Brendon Burns MP
- ↑ "Geoffrey Palmer". Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 9 July 2010. Retrieved 19 November 2011.
- ↑ "Unprecedented dead heat in ChCh central". The Press. 26 November 2011. Retrieved 26 November 2011.
- ↑ "Nail-biting dead heat in Christchurch". 27 November 2011. Retrieved 13 August 2013.
- ↑ "Election results to declare new Govt". The New Zealand Herald. 10 December 2011. Retrieved 12 December 2011.
- ↑ Chapman, Kate (14 December 2011). "Recount confirms Christchurch central seat". Stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 21 September 2014.
- ↑ Conway, Glenn (30 January 2014). "Wagner to defend Chch Central seat". The Press. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
- ↑ Robinson, Shelley (8 March 2014). "Tony Milne to run for Chch Central". The Press. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
- ↑ Mathewson, Nicole; Stylianou, Georgina; Fulton, Tim (21 September 2014). "Election 2014: Canterbury decides". The Press. Retrieved 21 September 2014.
- ↑ Stylianou, Georgina (4 May 2016). "Claims advocate to seek election". The Press. p. A7. Retrieved 4 May 2016.
- ↑ "Official Count Results -- Christchurch Central (2017)". Electoral Commission. 7 October 2017. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
- ↑ "Party Votes and Turnout by Electorate". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
- ↑ "Official Count Results – Christchurch Central". Electoral Commission. 10 October 2014. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
- ↑ Christchurch Central results, 2011
- ↑ "Enrolment statistics". Electoral Commission. 11 November 2011. Retrieved 17 November 2011.
- ↑ Official Count Results – Christchurch Central 2008
- ↑ "Official Count Results – Christchurch Central". Electoral Commission. 1 October 2005. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
- ↑ 2002 election results
- ↑ "Official Count Results (1999) – Electoral Votes for registered parties by electorate". NZ Electoral Commission. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
- ↑ "Official Count Results (1999) – Candidate Vote Details". NZ Electoral Commission. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
- ↑ "Electorate Candidate and Party Votes Recorded at Each Polling Place – Christchurch Central, 1996" (PDF). Retrieved 9 July 2013.
- ↑ "Part III – Party Lists of Successful Registered Parties" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
- ↑ "Part III – Party Lists of unsuccessful Registered Parties" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
- ↑ Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1993. pp. 12, 161.
- ↑ Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1990. p. 17.
- ↑ "The New Zealand Official Year-Book, 1951–52". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
- ↑ "The General Election, 1949". National Library. 1950. pp. 1–5, 8. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
- ↑ "The General Election, 1946". National Library. 1947. pp. 1–11, 14. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
References
- McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
- Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.
External links
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