Central railway station, Sydney

Central Railway Station
General information
Status	Complete
Type	Railway station terminus
Architectural style	Federation Free Classical
Address	Eddy Avenue, Haymarket, Sydney, New South Wales
Country	Australia
Coordinates	33°52′57″S 151°12′24″E / 33.88250°S 151.20667°E / -33.88250; 151.20667Coordinates: 33°52′57″S 151°12′24″E / 33.88250°S 151.20667°E / -33.88250; 151.20667
Construction started	1901
Completed	1906 (1906)
Opened	5 August 1906 (1906-08-05)
Inaugurated	4 August 1906 (1906-08-04)
Renovated	January 1979, 1915 (1915-1921-1979)
Client	New South Wales Government Railways
Owner	Government of New South Wales
Height
Tip	85.6 metres (281 ft) AHD
Technical details
Material	Sydney sandstone Carrara marble and terrazzo Australian Red Cedar joinery Acid etched glazing metalwork balustrades
Design and construction
Architect	Walter Liberty Vernon (1901-06)
Architecture firm	New South Wales Government Architect
Developer	Government of New South Wales
Engineer	Henry Deane (Engineer in Chief of the New South Wales Government Railways)
Services engineer	Dr John Bradfield (rail engineering)
Other designers	Fairfax & Roberts (clock tower)
Main contractor	NSW Department of Public Works
Register of the National Estate
Official name	Central Railway Station, Eddy Av, Haymarket, NSW, Australia
Type	Historic
Designated	21 March 1978
Reference no.	2196
New South Wales Heritage Register
Official name	Central Railway Station
Type	Built
Criteria	a., b., c., d., e., f., g.
Designated	2009
Part of	Central Railway Station and Sydney Terminal Group
Reference no.	SRA s.170 Register
References
[1][2][3][4]

The Central railway station is a railway station located at the southern end of the central business district in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Often abbreviated as Central or Central station, the station is the largest and busiest railway station in New South Wales. It services almost all of the lines on the Sydney Trains network, and is the major terminus for NSW TrainLink services. Actual patronage was 11.35 million passenger movements in 2013.

Central station occupies a large city block separating Haymarket, Surry Hills, and the central business district, bounded by Railway Square and Pitt Street in the west, Eddy Avenue in the north, Elizabeth Street in the east and the Devonshire Street Tunnel in the south.

History

There have been three terminal stations in Sydney. The original Sydney station was opened on 26 September 1855 in an area known as Cleveland Fields. This station (one wooden platform in a corrugated iron shed), called Sydney Terminal, had Devonshire Street as its northern boundary.^[3] It was frequently but unofficially called Redfern station,^[5] while at that time the present Redfern station was officially called Eveleigh.^[6] It should be noted that the first and second Sydney Terminals were never actually located in Redfern, being to the north of Cleveland Street which is Redfern's northern boundary.

Central station was built on land previously occupied by the Devonshire Street Cemetery.

Laying the foundation stone for Central Station in 1903

When this station became inadequate for the traffic it carried, a new station was built in 1874 on the same site and also called Sydney Terminal. This was a brick building with two platforms. It grew to 14 platforms before it was replaced by the present-day station to the north of Devonshire Street. The new station was built on a site previously occupied by the Devonshire Street Cemetery,^[7] a convent, a female refuge, a police barracks, a parsonage, and a Benevolent Society. The remains exhumed from the cemetery were re-interred at several other Sydney cemeteries including Rookwood and Waverley cemeteries. Bodies were moved to Botany by steam tram motors and flat cars.^[3]

The present station was officially opened on 4 August 1906 and opening for passengers on 5 August 1906.^[8] The new station included the previous Mortuary railway station used to transport funeral parties to Rookwood Cemetery.^[2] The last train departed platform 5 of the 1874 station at midnight. During the remainder of that night, the passenger concourse was demolished and the line extended through the old station into the new station. The Western Mail arrived at 05:50 on 5 August 1906 at the new station.^[9] Devonshire Street, which separated the two stations, became a pedestrian underpass to allow people to cross the railway line and is now known by many as the Devonshire Street Tunnel.^[3]

A milk bar inside Central station, circa 1947

An 85.6-metre-tall (281 ft)^[3] clock tower in the Free Classical style was added at the north-western corner of the station, opening on 3 March 1921. The clock was designed by Richard Lamb and Alfred Fairfax, the co-founders of Fairfax & Roberts. Central station was designed by the Government Architect, Walter Liberty Vernon. As it was being built, it was reported that "Everything in connection with the new station appears to have been designed on a grand scale, from the great elevated approaches down to the system of handling luggage underground."^[10] It is listed on the NSW State Heritage Register^[1][2] and the now defunct Register of the National Estate.^[11]

A riot, dubbed the Battle of Central Station, took place in 1916. Soldiers rebelling against camp conditions had raided hotels in Liverpool and travelled to the city by commandeered trains. Upon arrival at Central station, the rioters set about destroying the station facilities, and fire was exchanged between rampaging rioters and military police. One rioter was shot dead and several were injured. The only remaining evidence of the gun battle is a small bullet-hole in the marble by the entrance to platform 1.^[12] This incident had a direct influence on the introduction of 6 o'clock closing of hotels in 1916, which lasted in New South Wales until 1955.^[3]

Station configuration

The station opened on 5 August 1906 with 11 platforms, but was soon expanded to 15, and by 1913 had 19.^[14] This section is dominated by a large vaulted roof over the concourse and elaborate masonry, primarily Sydney sandstone.

As part of the construction of the electrified city railway in the 1920s, a new Central station was built. The existing station was cut back to 15 platforms with new platforms 16 to 23 built on the station's eastern side and a six-track bridge paralleling Elizabeth Street to Goulburn Street built to the north.

Railway employees then referred to the main building and platforms 10 to 15 as Sydney Terminal Station and platforms 16 to 23, and the lower level concourse serving them, as Central Electric Station and the two stations were managed and staffed as separate entities.

South of these new platforms, a series of flying junctions were built. This involved the four southbound tracks passing beneath the northbound tracks with a series of diamond crossings allowing trains to cross lines without impeding trains traveling in the opposite direction.^[14]

As part of the project, platforms 10 to 15 were electrified, with platforms 1 to 9 following in 1956.^[14][15]

To the west of Platform 1 there was a siding leading to two dock platforms for use of mail trains, now cut back to serve a motorail loading ramp for the Indian Pacific. The space were where the mail sidings is now a Youth Hostels Association hostel named the Sydney Railway Square YHA. The hostel rooms are modelled on old train carriages.^[16]

Carriage sheds to the south of Platform 15 were demolished in the 1986 as were the sheds to the west of Platform 1 in 1999.^[17][18]

In February 1926, Platform 18 and 19 of the steam station were wired for electric trains with a demonstration run from Sydney to Hurstville. This wiring was transferred to Platforms 21 and 23 and Platforms 14 and 15 were wired for Bankstown electric train services commencing October 1926 and later worked into St James. As the Homebush electrification was completed, Platforms 17 and 18 were wired. Electric trains to Hornsby via the main line commenced on 21 January 1929. Trains to Hornsby used Platforms 16 and 18. Steam services to Parramatta and Liverpool were converted to electric in November 1929. Western electric trains began operating through to Wynyard from 28 February 1932.^[19]

The eastern ("suburban") part of the station, consists of 10 through platforms, all aligned north-south, two of which are underground. These are used by suburban Sydney Trains services and by a limited number of NSW TrainLink intercity services during peak hours. The eight above-ground platforms were opened in 1926 as part of a large electrification and modernisation program aimed at improving Sydney's suburban railway services. Prince Alfred sidings, south of Platform 23, were used to stable electric trains until closed in August 1995 and later demolished to make way for the Airport line.^[20]

The two underground platforms were built as part of the Eastern Suburbs Railway. Construction commenced in 1948 but the line was not finished until 1979. While the plans called for four platforms, two (for the Southern Suburbs line) were intended to be used in the future and were used for archival storage by the railways.

A contract for a major upgrade of the station was awarded in March 2018. The project includes construction of two new underground platforms to serve the Sydney Metro City & Southwest and a new underground concourse called Central Walk. The new platforms will be built beneath platforms 13-14.^[21][22]

Platforms and services

Eastward view of the Grand Concourse in 2017

Platform 20 and 21 at Central Station in 2013

Central serves all Sydney suburban lines except for the Cumberland and Carlingford lines. All long-distance NSW TrainLink XPT and Xplorer services and the Great Southern Rail Indian Pacific terminate at Central. These generally use Platforms 1 to 3, although when the Indian Pacific is in the station occupying both Platforms 2 and 3, some NSW TrainLink regional services use Platforms 4 to 12.

Construction works for the Sydney Metro City & Southwest have meant that platforms 13, 14 and 15 have been fenced off and no longer usable by trains.^[23]

The platforms are numbered from 1 to 25, with 1 being the westernmost platform and 25 being one of the easternmost. The services which generally use each platform are listed below:

Indicator board

1906 Central station Indicator Board on display at the Powerhouse Museum

When opened, Central station had an indicator board with 22 vertical panels. It was replaced in June 1982 by computer screens with the original indicator board conserved by the Powerhouse Museum.^[41] In June 2015, a new elevated 11-metre-long (36 ft) indicator board was installed on the main concourse on the same standstone base as the original board.^[42]

Transport links

Light rail

The Inner West Light Rail at Central

Central is the eastern terminus of the Dulwich Hill Line that operates to Chinatown, Darling Harbour, Pyrmont and the inner western suburbs. The light rail stop is in an outside concourse area, near the main waiting area and departure hall. This area was originally designed for trams, and as such was used by trams until 1958, when the service was withdrawn. It was known as Railway Colonnade. Light rail services operate in a clockwise direction, whereas the trams operated in an anti-clockwise direction.

Construction of the CBD and South East Light Rail line from Circular Quay to Kingsford and Randwick via Central commenced in 2015.^[43] Stops will be located at Rawson Place and on Chalmers Street.

Devonshire Street Tunnel

After Central was built in 1906, the Devonshire Street Tunnel, to the north of the old station, became an underpass. The underpass allows pedestrians to access the eastern "suburban" section from Railway Square and Chalmers Street.^[46] The tunnel connects to The Goods Line–a park and pedestrian pathway to Ultimo and Darling Harbour.

Diagrams and maps

Diagram of track layout at the suburban section of the station, there are seven grade separations in the Flying junctions, plus one unused one

Map of the station
Map of the Central station precinct

See also

• Architecture of Sydney
• Light rail in Sydney
• Mortuary railway station
• Rail transport in New South Wales
• Trams in Sydney

References

Further reading

• McKillop, Robert; Ellsmore, Donald; Oakes, John (2008). A Century of Central. Australian Railway Historical Society. ISBN 978-0-9757870-6-9.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Central railway station, Sydney.

• Central Station at Transport for New South Wales (Archived 3 December 2017)
• Photographs from NSW Records
• Dunn, Mark (2008). "Central Railway Station". Dictionary of Sydney. Retrieved 9 October 2015. [CC-By-SA]