Motorail

Austria

Motorail, railway station Neu-Isenburg, Germany, 2011.

Motorail train lines between Germany, Austria, Italy and Turkey (2017-2018)

In Austria, roughly half of the night trains of the Österreichische Bundesbahnen (ÖBB) (called ÖBB nightjet) include car-carrier wagons.^[1] Most of the car-carrier wagons are running on a daily basis all-year-round to car terminals located in Austria (Vienna, Graz, Villach, Feldkirch, Innsbruck) and Germany (Hamburg, Düsseldorf). In addition, ÖBB nightjets are serving two car terminals in Italy (Verona, Livorno) during three seasons (spring, summer, autumn). For the motorail services from Austria to Germany, ÖBB took over operations from DB AutoZug, a German motorail company which ceased operations.

Also seasonal is the Optima Express, a three-season service (spring, summer, autumn) between Villach in Austria and Edirne in Turkey with up to four trains each week in summer.

Germany

In Germany, DB Autozug offered motorail services for more than 70 years. DB Autozug ceased to operate in October 2016 as these trains were not considered to be profitable.^[2][3]

Four new motorail operators stepped on in 2015 and 2016, taking over the now abandoned motorail services claiming a sufficient market for motorail services in Germany. One of them (Euro-Express) stepped out of the market in late 2017, leaving three motorail operators addressing the German market.

Austrian railway ÖBB took over most motorail services from DB Autozug. ÖBB now (December 2016) offers daily or almost daily motorail connections (under the brand name ÖBB nightjet) running from Germany to Austria. These are a daily operated EuroNight overnight motorail trains from Vienna to Hamburg. In addition, similar services are offered from Düsseldorf to Innsbruck since December 2016 as a replacement for the former Düsseldorf to Innsbruck service being withdrawn by DB AutoZug in December 2014.

Another motorail service abandoned by DB Autozug was taken over by Bahntouristikexpress (BTE), a German rail tourism company, which is affiliated with the US-based Railroad Development Corporation (RDC). BTE took over the DB Autozug connection between Hamburg and Lörrach, offering all-year-round motorail services 1-4 times a week.

And finally, the German company train4you is offering - under the brand name Urlaubs-Express (UEX) - seasonal motorail trains between Hamburg and Munich, Verona, Villach, Lörrach, Innsbruck and also between Düsseldorf and Verona. They are seasonal except the motorail trains between Hamburg and Munich, which are bi-seasonal (summer & winter). The connection between Düsseldorf and Verona is operating on behalf of the Dutch travel agency Treinreiswinkel. Treinreiswinkel, by travelling from Düsseldorf, compensates for the loss of motorail services from the Netherlands to Italy, formerly starting from 's-Hertogenbosch (Den Bosch).^[4]

Italy

In Italy, Trenitalia operated national Motorail services, advertised as “Auto e moto al seguito”. As of 12 December 2011, all of these services have been withdrawn.^[5] After the withdrawal of motorail services by state-owned Trenitalia the private-owned railway company Arenaways started overnight motorail trains running from Torino in the north of Italy to Reggio Calabria and Bari in the south. Talgo train coaches from RENFE group in Spain were used for the services.^[6] After the bankrupty of Arenaways due to massively manipulated rules by state-owned Trenitalia to exclude the competitor from the market, all services were withdrawn.^[7]

Today, the Dutch travel agency Treinreiswinkel^[8] offers a seasonal connection between Düsseldorf and Verona and Livorno (operated by Euro-Express) and the state-owned Austrian railway ÖBB connect Verona and Livorno with the Austrian capital of Vienna, also seasonal.^[9]

Netherlands

There were motorail services, called AutoSlaapTrein, which ran in the summer months from 's-Hertogenbosch (Den Bosch) in the Netherlands to Koper in Slovenia, to Alessandria and Livorno in Italy, and Frejus and Avignon in the South of France. EETC (Euro-Express trein charter), the owner of the AutoSlaapTrein, suspended their services in April 2015. Another Dutch company, the travel agency Treinreiswinkel, continued the Autoslaaptrein in May 2015 with a connection between Germany (Düsseldorf) and Verona. Another connection (Düsseldorf to Livorno) will be implemented in Summer 2017. All these motorail trains are operated by Müller-Touristik-Group in Germany under the brand name Euro-Express.

Turkey

The only motorail train of Turkey is running between Villach/Austria and Edirne/Turkey mainly for the Turkish workers abroad, passing through Austria, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia and Bulgaria. The whole journey completes 1400 km in 30 hours. The train is operated by Optima Tours.^[10]

Czech Republic & Slovakia

Currently, there are two services per day all-year-round to Košice, Slovakia (EuroCity Košičan daytime and Euronight Slovakia overnight) and an additional daily overnight service between Prague and Poprad-Tatry, Slovakia (fastrain Hornád since 1997, now EuroCity Košičan). There used to be a seasonal service between Prague and Split (fasttrain Jadran) which took 24 hours, in seasons 2003–2005 weekly, in seasons 2007–2009 daily.

Finland

In Finland, VR has a popular automobile-carrying service on its night trains between the south and the north; the service transports 35,000 automobiles a year. VR recently bought 15 new auto carriers for €8 million. The service operates with trains originating from both Helsinki and Turku first stopping at Tampere; from there they follow the same line to the next stop in Oulu. Thereafter, the line splits with one line going up to Kolari and another line making stops at Rovaniemi and Kemijärvi. These trains also include sleeper cars allowing passengers to sleep well before driving the next morning.^[11]

France

In France, the SNCF's Auto/train service^[12] comprises several overnight automobile-carrying trains throughout France. In the past, all of the Auto/trains also carried sleeping cars. Nowadays passengers travel on a separate train to their automobiles. Typically, passengers drop off their car any time during the day and then use a separate train to reach their destination, where they can pick up the car any time the following day.

This service is available between 13 railway stations: the Gare de Bercy in Paris is the main auto-train terminal. There are also terminals in the stations of Avignon (separate station), Biarritz, Bordeaux, Briançon, Brive, Fréjus-St-Raphaël (separate station), Lyon-Perrache, Marseille-Saint-Charles, Nice, Narbonne (separate station), Toulon, and Toulouse.^[13] The automobiles are carried in open railcars. Other services are offered to the Auto Train service : a jockey to pick your car up at home, complementary insurances, free bus to leave the arrival station (Bercy, Avignon, Fréjus...), free parking... Since 2012, connections between other cities than Paris have been created, for instance, Bordeaux-Biarritz or Bordeaux-Nice.

Poland

In the early 1980s PKP offered motorail services between the following stations: Szczecin Dąbie, Trzebiatów, Gdynia Główna, Warszawa Główna, Poznań Główny, Katowice, Kraków Główny, and Zakopane. Services ran overnight and passengers were carried in sleeping cars and couchettes.

By the end of the 1990s PKP operated only a single motorail service on overnight trains between Gdynia and Zakopane. The service never gained essential popularity and ultimately was withdrawn in 2004. Among many factors which led to closure of this service, it was criticised for being too cumbersome: while in Zakopane the passengers' cars were available almost immediately, it took nearly two hours to load or unload cars in Gdynia.

Serbia

There is a Motorail service the transports cars in Serbia along the following routes: Throughout the year: Belgrade-Bar-Belgrade. In the summer season the accompanied cars are transported on the following routes: Belgrade-Bar-Belgrade, Novi Sad-Bar-Novi Sad and Belgrade – Thessaloniki - Belgrade.^[14]

Switzerland

In Switzerland, several car shuttle trains run, called Autoverlad; no motorail services exist.

United Kingdom

British Rail operated Motorail services from 1955 serving various destination, but had discontinued them by the time the state-owned body was wound-up in the mid 1990s. Privatised train operator First Great Western went on to revive the service between London and Penzance in 1998, operating it until September 2005.

Australia

Great Southern Rail provides a Motorail service on its long-distance Indian Pacific, between Adelaide and Perth, The Ghan, between Adelaide and Darwin, and formerly offered Motorail on The Overland services.^[15][16][17]

Traveltrain in Queensland formerly offered a Motorail service on its Sunlander and Spirit of the Outback trains.^[18]

The Victorian Railways formerly offered Motorail on The Vinelander, and Sunraysia services on the Mildura line.^[19] The New South Wales Railways (later the Public Transport Commission) once offered Motorail services on its long-distance lines.

Japan

A Japanese "car train" in Nagoya in 1988.

Several overnight "car train" (カートレイン) services were operated by the Japanese National Railways and its successor JR Group between 1985 and 1999. The first such service operated between Shiodome Freight Terminal in Tokyo and Higashi-Kokura Freight Terminal in northern Kyushu. At various times during the 1990s, similar services were operated between Nagoya and Kyushu, between Tokyo and Hokkaido through the Seikan Tunnel, and within Hokkaido.

The freight terminal at Ebisu Station was used as a terminal for car train services prior to its closure for redevelopment as the Ebisu Garden Place complex, at which point such services were moved to Hamamatsucho Station.

There were a number of problems with these services which contributed to their eventual cancellation, including fairly severe size restrictions on the vehicles that could be transported, lack of on-board dining facilities, revenue sharing issues between regional operating companies following the privatization of JR, and competition with both long-distance car ferries and combination air/rental car travel products.

Canada

The Ontario Northland Railway's Polar Bear Express has several flatcars that carry vehicles from Cochrane to Moosonee. Snowmobiles and ATVs are carried in boxcars.

CN Rail operated the Car-Go Rail in the 1960s, but closed the service a few years after.

Chile

In Chile, EFE (Empresa de los Ferrocarriles del Estado) operates a service called "Autotren"^[20] between Santiago and Temuco.

United States

Amtrak operates their dedicated Auto Train between Lorton, Virginia (near Washington, D.C.) and Sanford, Florida (near Orlando), a distance of 855 miles (1,376 km).