Chengde Mountain Resort

Mountain Resort, Chengde
UNESCO World Heritage site
	Mountain Resort, Chengde
Location	Chengde, Hebei, China
Part of	Mountain Resort and its Outlying Temples, Chengde
Criteria	Cultural: (ii), (iv)
Reference	703
Inscription	1994 (18th Session)
Coordinates	40°59′15″N 117°56′15″E / 40.98750°N 117.93750°ECoordinates: 40°59′15″N 117°56′15″E / 40.98750°N 117.93750°E
	Location of Chengde Mountain Resort in Hebei Chengde Mountain Resort (China)

The Mountain Resort in Chengde (simplified Chinese: 避暑山庄; traditional Chinese: 避暑山莊; pinyin: Bìshǔ Shānzhuāng; literally: "Mountain Villa for Avoiding the Heat"; Manchu: Halhūn be jailara gurung) or Ligong (离宫; 離宮; Lígōng), is a large complex of imperial palaces and gardens situated in the city of Chengde in Hebei, China. Because of its vast and rich collection of Chinese landscapes and architecture, the Mountain Resort in many ways is a culmination of all the variety of gardens, pagodas, temples and palaces from various regions of China.^[1]

It is one of China's four famous gardens, World Heritage Site, national relic protection unit and Class 5A Tourist Attractions in China.^[2]

History

Qing dynasty map of the resort

Built between 1703 and 1792 during the Qing dynasty, the Mountain Resort took 89 years to complete. It covers a total area of 5.6 square kilometres (2.2 sq mi), almost half of Chengde's urban area. It is a vast complex of palaces and administrative and ceremonial buildings. Temples of various architectural styles and imperial gardens blend harmoniously into a landscape of lakes, pastureland and forests.

The Kangxi, Qianlong and Jiaqing emperors often spent several months a year here to escape the summer heat in the capital city of Beijing and the palace zone in the southern part of the resort was therefore designed to resemble the Forbidden City in Beijing. It consists of two parts: a court in front, where the emperor received high officials, nobles of various minority nationalities, and foreign envoys; and bed chambers in the rear, which were the imperial family's living quarters, notably the Yanbozhishuang Hall, where Emperor Kangxi spent a total of 12 summers while Qianlong spent 52 summers in the hall during the course of their reign. The Jiaqing and Xianfeng emperors both died while staying at Chengde in 1820 and 1861 respectively.

Climate

Chengde Mountain Resort is located in the transition zone from warm temperate zone to cold temperate zone.It has semi - temperate, semi - arid continental monsoon climate.It has large difference in temperature between day and night.In winter,it is cold and has little snow.It has much thundershower in summer, basically there is no hot period.Chengde Mountain Resort is suitable for traveling in every season,but best from April to October.^[3]

Scenic spots

The Mountain Resort is most famous for the 72 scenic spots which were named by the Kangxi and Qianlong emperors. Many of the scenic spots around the resort's lake area were copied from famous landscaped gardens in southern China. For instance, the main building on the Green Lotus Island, "Tower of Mist and Rain," (Chinese: 烟雨楼; pinyin: Yānyǔ Lóu) is modeled upon a tower in Nanhu Lake at Jiaxing in Zhejiang Province.

The resort's plain area also possesses characteristics of the scenery of the Mongolian grasslands. Forested mountains and valleys are dotted with various buildings. This includes a 70 metres (230 ft) tall stone Chinese pagoda, one of the tallest in China, built in 1751 during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor. The pagoda is shaped with an octagonal base, while the pagoda's nine stories are decorated with colorful glazed tiles and the steeple is crowned with a gilded round spire.

In December 1994 the Mountain Resort was listed by UNESCO on its list of World Heritage Sites.

Events

The 2018 Women's Bandy World Championship was held at a naturally frozen ice at the lake in the complex.

Gallery

A tower on the Little Golden Mountain
A pond of lotuses
One of the many pavilions inside the complex
The Mountain Resort is dotted with lakes and gardens that imitates landscapes from around China
The 70 m tall pagoda
The Kangxi Emperor inscription dragon board
An example of a grid door
The Wenjin Chamber
Bird's eye view of Xumi Fushou Temple from top of a hill in the Mountain Resort
Lizheng Gate - entrance reserved for the Qing emperors
Yanbozhishuang Hall - The Jiaqing Emperor and Xianfeng Emperor both died in this Hall on September 02, 1820 and August 22, 1861 respectively
Ice on the lake where the 2018 Women's Bandy World Championship was played

References

↑ Journal of garden history, Volume 19. Taylor & Francis from University of California. 1999.
↑ "中华人民共和国文化和旅游部". www.mcprc.gov.cn. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
↑ "承德 - 气象数据 -中国天气网". www.weather.com.cn. Retrieved 2018-07-05. line feed character in |title= at position 3 (help)

World Heritage sites in China
East	Classical Gardens of Suzhou Fujian Tulou Lushan Huangshan Mount Sanqing Mount Tai Wuyi Mountains Temple and Cemetery of Confucius and Kong Family Mansion in Qufu Xidi, and Hongcun West Lake Kulangsu
South Central	Ancient Building Complex in the Wudang Mountains Historic Centre of Macau Shennongjia Kaiping Diaolou and Villages Longmen Grottoes Historic Monuments of Dengfeng, including the Shaolin Monastery and Gaocheng Observatory Zuojiang Huashan Rock Art Wulingyuan Yinxu
Southwest	Chengjiang Fossil Site Dazu Rock Carvings Fanjingshan Honghe Hani Rice Terraces Huanglong Jiuzhaigou Lijiang Mount Emei and Leshan Giant Buddha Mount Qingcheng and Dujiangyan Potala Palace, including the Jokhang and Norbulingka Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries Three Parallel Rivers
North	Mount Wutai Chengde Mountain Resort, including Putuo Zongcheng Temple, Xumi Fushou Temple and Puning Temple Forbidden City Zhoukoudian Pingyao Summer Palace Temple of Heaven Xanadu Yungang Grottoes
Northeast	Koguryo sites Mukden Palace
Northwest	Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor Mogao Caves Xinjiang Tianshan Qinghai Hoh Xil
Multiple regions	Great Wall China Danxia Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties South China Karst Grand Canal Silk Roads Tusi Sites

Hebei topics
Shijiazhuang (capital)
General	History Politics Economy
Geography	Cities North China Plain Taihang Mountains Yan Mountains Shanhai Pass Bohai Sea Hai River watershed Luan He watershed Baiyangdian Lake
Education	Hebei University Hebei Agricultural University Hebei University of Technology Hebei University of Economics and Business Hebei University of Science and Technology
Culture	Zhongyuan culture Music Pingju opera Er ren tai
Visitor attractions	Beidaihe beach resort Chengde Mountain Resort Eastern Qing Tombs Western Qing Tombs Anji Bridge Hebei Museum
Category Commons

Qing dynasty topics
History	Seven Grievances First Manchu invasion of Korea Second Manchu invasion of Korea Qing conquest of the Ming Battle of Shanhai Pass Great Clearance Revolt of the Three Feudatories High Qing era Sino-Russian border conflicts Dzungar–Qing War Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720) Chinese Rites controversy Ten Great Campaigns Miao Rebellion (1735–36) Lhasa riot of 1750 Sino-Burmese War (1765–69) Battle of Ngọc Hồi-Đống Đa Sino-Nepalese War Miao Rebellion (1795–1806) White Lotus Rebellion First Opium War Sino-Sikh War Taiping Rebellion Nian Rebellion Red Turban Rebellion (1854–1856) Small Swords Society Miao Rebellion (1854–73) Nepalese–Tibetan War Panthay Rebellion Second Opium War Punti-Hakka Clan Wars Amur Acquisition Self-Strengthening Movement Tongzhi Restoration Dungan Revolt (1862–77) Mudan Incident (1871) Tianjin Massacre Margary Affair Northern Chinese Famine Qing reconquest of Xinjiang Sino-French War Sikkim Expedition Jindandao Incident First Sino-Japanese War Gongche Shangshu movement Dungan Revolt (1895–96) Hundred Days' Reform Boxer Rebellion Red Lanterns Eight-Nation Alliance New Policies British expedition to Tibet 1905 Tibetan Rebellion 1909 Provincial Assembly elections Chinese expedition to Tibet (1910) Railway Protection Movement Xinhai Revolution Wuchang Uprising Xinhai Lhasa turmoil Mongolian Revolution of 1911 Xinhai Revolution in Xinjiang Manchu Restoration
Government	Emperor List Family tree Amban Cup of Solid Gold Deliberative Council Flag of the Qing dynasty Grand Council Great Qing Legal Code Imperial Clan Court Imperial Commissioner Imperial Household Department Lifan Yuan Ministry of Posts and Communications Nine Gates Infantry Commander Provincial governor Provincial military commander Qinding Xianfa Dagang Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty Viceroys Zhili Shaan-Gan Liangjiang Huguang Sichuan Min-Zhe Liangguang Yun-Gui Three Northeast Provinces Zongli Yamen
Military	Military of the Qing dynasty Beiyang Army Chu Army Eight Banners Ever Victorious Army Green Standard Army Huai Army Hushenying Imperial Guards Brigade New Army Peking Field Force Shuishiying Wuwei Corps Xiang Army
Special regions	Qing dynasty in Inner Asia Manchuria under Qing rule Mongolia under Qing rule Administrative divisions Tibet under Qing rule Golden Urn List of imperial residents Xinjiang under Qing rule General of Ili Taiwan under Qing rule Provincial Administration Hall
Palaces & mausoleums	Chengde Mountain Resort Forbidden City Mukden Palace Old Summer Palace Summer Palace Eastern Qing tombs Fuling Mausoleum Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties Western Qing tombs
Society & culture	Booi Aha Changzhou School of Thought Dibao Four Wangs Gujin Tushu Jicheng History of Ming Islam during the Qing dynasty Kangxi Dictionary Kaozheng Literary Inquisition Manchu Han Imperial Feast Peiwen Yunfu Pentaglot Dictionary Qing official headwear Qing poetry Quan Tangshi Queue Researches on Manchu Origins Sacred Edict of the Kangxi Emperor Shamanism in the Qing dynasty Siku Quanshu Zongmu Tiyao
Treaties	Treaty of Kyakhta (1727) Treaty of Nerchinsk Unequal treaty Boxer Protocol Burlingame Treaty Chefoo Convention Convention Between Great Britain and China Respecting Tibet Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory Convention of Peking Convention of Tientsin Li–Lobanov Treaty Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Peking Treaty of Aigun Treaty of the Bogue Treaty of Canton Treaty of Kulja Treaty of Nanking Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1881) Treaty of Shimonoseki Treaty of Tarbagatai Treaty of Tientsin Treaty of Wanghia Treaty of Whampoa
Coinage	Kangxi Tongbao Qianlong Tongbao
Other topics	Aisin Gioro Anti-Qing sentiment Canton System Chuang Guandong Draft History of Qing Imperial hunt of the Qing dynasty Manchu people Names of the Qing dynasty New Qing History Qing conquest theory Timeline of late anti-Qing rebellions Treaty ports Willow Palisade