95th United States Congress

95th United States Congress
	94th ← → 96th
	United States Capitol (2002)
January 3, 1977 – January 3, 1979
Senate President	Nelson Rockefeller (R) ; until January 20, 1977 ; Walter Mondale (D) ; from January 20, 1977
Senate Pres. pro tem	James Eastland (D)
House Speaker	Tip O'Neill (D)
Members	100 senators; 435 representatives; 5 non-voting delegates
Senate Majority	Democratic
House Majority	Democratic
Sessions
	1st: January 4, 1977 – December 15, 1977; 2nd: January 19, 1978 – October 15, 1978

The Ninety-fifth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1977, to January 3, 1979, during the final weeks of the administration of U.S. President Gerald Ford and the first two years of the administration of U.S. President Jimmy Carter.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Nineteenth Census of the United States in 1970. Both chambers had a Democratic majority. It was the first time either party held a filibuster-proof 60% super majority in both the Senate and House chambers since the 89th United States Congress in 1965, and last time until the 111th United States Congress in 2009. All three super majorities were Democratic party and also were accompanied by Democratic Presidents.^[1] As of 2018, this is the most recent Congress to approve an amendment (the unratified District of Columbia Voting Rights Amendment) to the Constitution.

Major events

January 20, 1977: Inauguration of President Jimmy Carter
July 13, 1977: New York City blackout of 1977
January 1, 1978: The Northern Mariana Islands left the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands to become a Commonwealth of the United States, making it unincorporated and organized.
February 8, 1978: Senate proceedings are broadcast on radio for the first time.
August 7, 1978: Love Canal Disaster
September 17, 1978: Camp David Accords

Hearings

Project MKULTRA – (Church Committee, Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, Senate Human Resources subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research)

Major legislation

August 3, 1977: Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act, Pub.L. 95–87, 91 Stat. 445
August 4, 1977: Department of Energy Organization Act of 1977, Pub.L. 95–91, 91 Stat. 565
October 7, 1977: Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of 1977, Pub.L. 95–124, 91 Stat. 1098
October 12, 1977: Community Reinvestment Act, Pub.L. 95–128, title VIII, 91 Stat. 1147
November 23, 1977: Saccharin Study and Labeling Act of 1977, Pub.L. 95–203, 91 Stat. 1451
December 27, 1977: Clean Water Act, Pub.L. 95–217, 91 Stat. 1566
December 28, 1977: International Emergency Economic Powers Act, Pub.L. 95–223, title II, 91 Stat. 1626
March 10, 1978: Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978, Pub.L. 95–242, 92 Stat. 120
October 10, 1978: Susan B. Anthony Dollar Coin Act of 1979, Pub.L. 95–447, 92 Stat. 1072
October 13, 1978: Civil Service Reform Act, Pub.L. 95–454, 92 Stat. 1111
October 24, 1978: Airline Deregulation Act, Pub.L. 95–504, 92 Stat. 1705
October 25, 1978: Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, Pub.L. 95–511, 92 Stat. 1783
October 26, 1978: Ethics in Government Act, Pub.L. 95–521, 92 Stat. 1824
October 27, 1978: Humphrey-Hawkins Full Employment Act, Pub.L. 95–523, 92 Stat. 1887
October 31, 1978: Pregnancy Discrimination Act, Pub.L. 95–555, 92 Stat. 2076
November 1, 1978: Contract Disputes Act, Pub.L. 95–563, 92 Stat. 2383
November 4, 1978: Solar Photovoltaic Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1978, Pub.L. 95–590, 92 Stat. 2513
November 6, 1978: Bankruptcy Act of 1978, Pub.L. 95–598, 92 Stat. 2549
November 8, 1978: Indian Child Welfare Act, Pub.L. 95–608, 92 Stat. 3069
November 9, 1978: National Energy Conservation Policy Act, Pub.L. 95–619, 92 Stat. 3206

Constitutional amendments

August 22, 1978: Approved an amendment to the United States Constitution granting the District of Columbia full representation in the United States Congress, full representation in the Electoral College system, and full participation in the process by which the Constitution is amended, and submitted it to the state legislatures for ratification
- This amendment, commonly known as the District of Columbia Voting Rights Amendment, was later rendered inoperative, as it was not ratified within the seven–year time frame set by Congress

Treaties ratified

March 16, 1978: First of the Torrijos-Carter Treaties (Panama Canal) treaty: "The Treaty Concerning the Permanent Neutrality and Operation of the Panama Canal," commonly known as the "Neutrality Treaty"
April 19, 1978: Second of the Torrijos-Carter Treaties treaty, commonly known as "The Panama Canal Treaty"

Party summary

Senate

	Party (shading shows control)				Total	Vacant

	Conservative (N.Y.) (C)	Democratic (D)	Independent (I)	Republican (R)
End of the previous congress	1	61	1	37	100	0

Begin	0	61	1	38	100	0
End	0	58	1	41	100	0
Final voting share	5000000000000000000♠0.0%	7001580000000000000♠58.0%	7000100000000000000♠1.0%	7001410000000000000♠41.0%

Beginning of the next congress	0	58	1	41	100	0

Party standings on the opening day of the 95th Congress

61 Democratic Senators

1 Independent Senator, caucusing with Democrats

38 Republican Senators

House of Representatives

	Party (shading shows control)		Total	Vacant

	Democratic (D)	Republican (R)
End of the previous congress	291	144	435	0

Begin	292	143	435	0
End	275	140	415	20
Final voting share	7001663000000000000♠66.3%	7001337000000000000♠33.7%

Beginning of the next congress	277	158	435	0

Leadership

Senate

President of the Senate: Nelson Rockefeller (R), until January 20, 1977
- Walter Mondale (D), from January 20, 1977
President pro tempore: James Eastland (D)
Permanent Acting President pro tempore: Lee Metcalf (D), until January 12, 1978
Deputy President pro tempore: Hubert Humphrey (D), until January 13, 1978

Majority (Democratic) leadership

Minority (Republican) leadership

House of Representatives

Speaker: Tip O'Neill (D)

Majority (Democratic) leadership

Minority (Republican) leadership

Caucuses

Members

Senate

In this Congress, Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1978; Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1980; and Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1982.

Alabama

2. John Sparkman (D)
3. James Allen (D), until June 1, 1978
- Maryon Pittman Allen (D), from June 8, 1978, until November 7, 1978
- Donald Stewart (D), from November 7, 1978

Alaska

2. Ted Stevens (R)
3. Mike Gravel (D)

Arizona

1. Dennis DeConcini (D)
3. Barry Goldwater (R)

Arkansas

2. John Little McClellan (D), until November 28, 1977
- Kaneaster Hodges Jr. (D), from December 10, 1977
3. Dale Bumpers (D)

Kansas

2. James B. Pearson (R), until December 23, 1978
- Nancy Kassebaum (R), from December 23, 1978
3. Bob Dole (R)

Kentucky

2. Walter Dee Huddleston (D)
3. Wendell H. Ford (D)

Louisiana

2. J. Bennett Johnston (D)
3. Russell B. Long (D)

Maine

1. Edmund Muskie (D)
2. William Hathaway (D)

Maryland

1. Paul Sarbanes (D)
3. Charles Mathias (R)

Massachusetts

1. Ted Kennedy (D)
2. Edward Brooke (R)

Michigan

1. Donald W. Riegle Jr. (D)
2. Robert P. Griffin (R)

Minnesota

1. Hubert Humphrey, (DFL), until January 13, 1978
- Muriel Humphrey, (DFL), from January 25, 1978, until November 7, 1978
- David Durenberger (R), from November 8, 1978
2. Wendell Anderson, (DFL), until December 29, 1978
- Rudy Boschwitz (R), from December 30, 1978

Mississippi

1. John C. Stennis (D)
2. James Eastland (D), until December 27, 1978
- Thad Cochran (R), from December 27, 1978

Missouri

1. John Danforth (R)
3. Thomas Eagleton (D)

Montana

1. John Melcher (D)
2. Lee Metcalf (D), until January 12, 1978
- Paul G. Hatfield (D), from January 22, 1978, until December 12, 1978
- Max Baucus (D), from December 15, 1978

Nebraska

1. Edward Zorinsky (D)
2. Carl Curtis (R)

Nevada

1. Howard Cannon (D)
3. Paul Laxalt (R)

New Hampshire

2. Thomas J. McIntyre (D)
3. John A. Durkin (D)

New Jersey

1. Harrison A. Williams (D)
2. Clifford P. Case (R)

New Mexico

1. Harrison Schmitt (R)
2. Pete Domenici (R)

New York

1. Daniel Patrick Moynihan (D)
3. Jacob K. Javits (R)

North Carolina

2. Jesse Helms (R)
3. Robert Burren Morgan (D)

North Dakota

1. Quentin N. Burdick (D)
3. Milton Young (R)

Ohio

1. Howard Metzenbaum (D)
3. John Glenn (D)

Oklahoma

2. Dewey F. Bartlett (R)
3. Henry Bellmon (R)

Oregon

2. Mark Hatfield (R)
3. Bob Packwood (R)

Pennsylvania

1. H. John Heinz III (R)
3. Richard Schweiker (R)

Rhode Island

1. John Chafee (R)
2. Claiborne Pell (D)

South Carolina

2. Strom Thurmond (R)
3. Ernest Hollings (D)

South Dakota

2. James Abourezk (D)
3. George McGovern (D)

Tennessee

1. Jim Sasser (D)
2. Howard Baker (R)

Texas

1. Lloyd Bentsen (D)
2. John Tower (R)

Utah

1. Orrin Hatch (R)
3. Jake Garn (R)

Vermont

1. Robert Stafford (R)
3. Patrick Leahy (D)

Virginia

1. Harry F. Byrd Jr. (I)
2. William L. Scott (R), until January 1, 1979
- John Warner (R), from January 2, 1979

Washington

1. Henry M. Jackson (D)
3. Warren Magnuson (D)

West Virginia

1. Robert Byrd (D)
2. Jennings Randolph (D)

Wisconsin

1. William Proxmire (D)
3. Gaylord Nelson (D)

Wyoming

1. Malcolm Wallop (R)
2. Clifford Hansen (R), until December 31, 1978
- Alan K. Simpson (R), from January 1, 1979

House of Representatives

Members of the House of Representatives elected statewide at-large, are preceded by "At-large," and the names of those elected from districts, are preceded by their district numbers.

Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.

Alabama

Alaska

At-large. Don Young (R)

Arizona

Arkansas

California

1. Harold T. Johnson (D)
2. Donald H. Clausen (R)
3. John E. Moss (D), until December 31, 1978
4. Robert L. Leggett (D)
5. John L. Burton (D)
6. Phillip Burton (D)
7. George Miller (D)
8. Ronald V. Dellums (D)
9. Pete Stark (D)
10. Don Edwards (D)
11. Leo Ryan (D), until November 18, 1978
12. Pete McCloskey (R)
13. Norman Mineta (D)
14. John J. McFall (D), until December 31, 1978
15. B. F. Sisk (D)
16. Leon Panetta (D)
17. John Hans Krebs (D)
18. William M. Ketchum (R), until June 24, 1978
19. Robert J. Lagomarsino (R)
20. Barry Goldwater Jr. (R)
21. James C. Corman (D)
22. Carlos J. Moorhead (R)
23. Anthony C. Beilenson (D)
24. Henry Waxman (D)
25. Edward R. Roybal (D)
26. John H. Rousselot (R)
27. Robert K. Dornan (R)
28. Yvonne B. Burke (D)
29. Augustus F. Hawkins (D)
30. George E. Danielson (D)
31. Charles H. Wilson (D)
32. Glenn M. Anderson (D)
33. Del M. Clawson (R), until December 31, 1978
34. Mark W. Hannaford (D)
35. James F. Lloyd (D)
36. George Brown Jr. (D)
37. Shirley Neil Pettis (R)
38. Jerry M. Patterson (D)
39. Charles E. Wiggins (R)
40. Robert E. Badham (R)
41. Bob Wilson (R)
42. Lionel Van Deerlin (D)
43. Clair W. Burgener (R)

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

At-large. Tom Evans (R)

Florida

Georgia

1. Ronald B. Ginn (D)
2. Dawson Mathis (D)
3. Jack T. Brinkley (D)
4. Elliott H. Levitas (D)
5. Andrew Young (D), until January 29, 1977
- Wyche Fowler (D), from April 6, 1977
6. Jack Flynt (D)
7. Lawrence P. McDonald (D)
8. Billy Lee Evans (D)
9. Edgar L. Jenkins (D)
10. Doug Barnard Jr. (D)

Hawaii

1. Cecil Heftel (D)
2. Daniel Akaka (D)

Idaho

1. Steve Symms (R)
2. George V. Hansen (R)

Illinois

1. Ralph Metcalfe (D), until October 10, 1978
2. Morgan F. Murphy (D)
3. Marty Russo (D)
4. Edward J. Derwinski (R)
5. John G. Fary (D)
6. Henry J. Hyde (R)
7. Cardiss Collins (D)
8. Daniel D. Rostenkowski (D)
9. Sidney R. Yates (D)
10. Abner J. Mikva (D)
11. Frank Annunzio (D)
12. Philip M. Crane (R)
13. Robert McClory (R)
14. John N. Erlenborn (R)
15. Tom Corcoran (R)
16. John B. Anderson (R)
17. George M. O'Brien (R)
18. Robert H. Michel (R)
19. Thomas F. Railsback (R)
20. Paul Findley (R)
21. Edward Rell Madigan (R)
22. George E. Shipley (D)
23. Melvin Price (D)
24. Paul M. Simon (D)

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

1. Keith Sebelius (R)
2. Martha Elizabeth Keys (D)
3. Larry Winn (R)
4. Dan Glickman (D)
5. Joe Skubitz (R), until December 31, 1978

Kentucky

Louisiana

1. Richard A. Tonry (D), until May 4, 1977
- Bob Livingston (R), from August 27, 1977
2. Lindy Boggs (D)
3. David C. Treen (R)
4. Joe Waggonner (D)
5. Jerry Huckaby (D)
6. Henson Moore (R)
7. John B. Breaux (D)
8. Gillis W. Long (D)

Maine

1. David F. Emery (R)
2. William Cohen (R)

Maryland

1. Robert Bauman (R)
2. Clarence D. Long (D)
3. Barbara Mikulski (D)
4. Marjorie Holt (R)
5. Gladys Spellman (D)
6. Goodloe Byron (D), until October 11, 1978
7. Parren Mitchell (D)
8. Newton Steers (R)

Massachusetts

Michigan

1. John Conyers (D)
2. Carl Pursell (R)
3. Garry E. Brown (R)
4. David Stockman (R)
5. Harold S. Sawyer (R)
6. Bob Carr (D)
7. Dale Kildee (D)
8. Bob Traxler (D)
9. Guy A. Vander Jagt (R)
10. Elford A. Cederberg (R), until December 31, 1978
11. Philip E. Ruppe (R)
12. David Bonior (D)
13. Charles Diggs (D)
14. Lucien N. Nedzi (D)
15. William D. Ford (D)
16. John Dingell (D)
17. William M. Brodhead (D)
18. James J. Blanchard (D)
19. William S. Broomfield (R)

Minnesota

1. Al Quie (R)
2. Tom Hagedorn (R)
3. Bill Frenzel (R)
4. Bruce Vento (DFL)
5. Donald M. Fraser (DFL)
6. Richard Nolan (DFL)
7. Robert Bergland (DFL), until January 22, 1977
- Arlan Stangeland (R), from February 22, 1977
8. Jim Oberstar, (DFL)

Mississippi

1. Jamie L. Whitten (D)
2. David R. Bowen (D)
3. Gillespie V. Montgomery (D)
4. Thad Cochran (R), until December 26, 1978
5. Trent Lott (R)

Missouri

Montana

1. Max Baucus (D), until December 14, 1978
2. Ron Marlenee (R)

Nebraska

Nevada

At-large. James David Santini (D)

New Hampshire

1. Norman D'Amours (D)
2. James C. Cleveland (R)

New Jersey

1. James J. Florio (D)
2. William J. Hughes (D)
3. James J. Howard (D)
4. Frank Thompson (D)
5. Millicent Fenwick (R)
6. Edwin B. Forsythe (R)
7. Andrew Maguire (D)
8. Robert A. Roe (D)
9. Harold C. Hollenbeck (R)
10. Peter W. Rodino (D)
11. Joseph G. Minish (D)
12. Matthew J. Rinaldo (R)
13. Helen Stevenson Meyner (D)
14. Joseph A. LeFante (D), until December 14, 1978
15. Edward J. Patten (D)

New Mexico

1. Manuel Lujan Jr. (R)
2. Harold L. Runnels (D)

New York

1. Otis G. Pike (D)
2. Thomas J. Downey (D)
3. Jerome Ambro (D)
4. Norman F. Lent (R)
5. John W. Wydler (R)
6. Lester L. Wolff (D)
7. Joseph P. Addabbo (D)
8. Benjamin S. Rosenthal (D)
9. James J. Delaney (D), until December 31, 1978
10. Mario Biaggi (D)
11. James H. Scheuer (D)
12. Shirley Chisholm (D)
13. Stephen J. Solarz (D)
14. Frederick W. Richmond (D)
15. Leo C. Zeferetti (D)
16. Elizabeth Holtzman (D)
17. John M. Murphy (D)
18. Edward I. Koch (D), until December 31, 1977
- S. William Green (R), from February 14, 1978
19. Charles B. Rangel (D)
20. Theodore S. Weiss (D)
21. Herman Badillo (D-L), until December 31, 1977
- Robert Garcia (R-L, then D), from February 14, 1978, changed parties February 21, 1978
22. Jonathan Brewster Bingham (D)
23. Bruce Faulkner Caputo (R)
24. Richard Ottinger (D)
25. Hamilton Fish IV (R)
26. Benjamin A. Gilman (R)
27. Matthew F. McHugh (D)
28. Samuel S. Stratton (D)
29. Edward W. Pattison (D)
30. Robert C. McEwen (R)
31. Donald J. Mitchell (R)
32. James M. Hanley (D)
33. William F. Walsh (R)
34. Frank Horton (R)
35. Barber Conable (R)
36. John J. LaFalce (D)
37. Henry J. Nowak (D)
38. Jack Kemp (R)
39. Stanley N. Lundine (D)

North Carolina

North Dakota

1. Mark Andrews (R)

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

2. Fernand St. Germain (D)
1. Edward Beard (D)

South Carolina

South Dakota

1. Larry Pressler (R)
2. James Abdnor (R)

Tennessee

1. James H. Quillen (R)
2. John Duncan Sr. (R)
3. Marilyn Lloyd (D)
4. Al Gore (D)
5. Clifford Allen (D), until June 18, 1978
6. Robin Beard (R)
7. Ed Jones (D)
8. Harold Ford Sr. (D)

Texas

1. Sam B. Hall (D)
2. Charles Wilson (D)
3. James M. Collins (R)
4. H. Ray Roberts (D)
5. Jim Mattox (D)
6. Olin E. Teague (D), until December 31, 1978
7. William Reynolds Archer Jr. (R)
8. Robert C. Eckhardt (D)
9. Jack B. Brooks (D)
10. James J. (Jake) Pickle (D)
11. William R. Poage (D), until December 31, 1978
12. Jim Wright (D)
13. Jack Hightower (D)
14. John A. Young (D)
15. Eligio (Kika) de la Garza, II (D)
16. Richard C. White (D)
17. Omar T. Burleson (D), until December 31, 1978
18. Barbara Jordan (D)
19. George H. Mahon (D)
20. Henry B. González (D)
21. Robert Krueger (D)
22. Robert Gammage (D)
23. Abraham Kazen (D)
24. Dale Milford (D)

Utah

1. K. Gunn McKay (D)
2. David Daniel Marriott (R)

Vermont

At-large. Jim Jeffords (R)

Virginia

Washington

1. Joel Pritchard (R)
2. E. Lloyd Meeds (D)
3. Don Bonker (D)
4. Mike McCormack (D)
5. Thomas S. Foley (D)
6. Norman Dicks (D)
7. Brockman Adams (D), until January 22, 1977
- John E. Cunningham (R)from May 17, 1977

West Virginia

Wisconsin

1. Les Aspin (D)
2. Robert W. Kastenmeier (D)
3. Alvin Baldus (D)
4. Clement J. Zablocki (D)
5. Henry S. Reuss (D)
6. William A. Steiger (R), until December 4, 1978
7. Dave Obey (D)
8. Robert John Cornell (D)
9. Bob Kasten (R)

Wyoming

At-large. Teno Roncalio (D), until December 30, 1978

Non-voting members

District of Columbia. Walter E. Fauntroy (D)
Guam. Antonio Borja Won Pat (D)
Puerto Rico. Baltasar Corrada del Río (PNP)
Virgin Islands. Ron de Lugo (D)

House seats by party holding plurality in state
80+% to 100% Republican	80+% to 100% Democratic
60+% to 80% Republican	60+% to 80% Democratic
50+% to 60% Republican	50+% to 60% Democratic
Striped: 50–50 split

Changes in Membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

replacements: 11
- Democratic: 3 seat net loss
- Republican: 3 seat net gain
deaths: 4
resignations: 5
vacancy:
Total seats with changes: 9

State (class)	Vacator	Reason for change	Successor	Date of successor's formal installation
Arkansas (2)	John L. McClellan (D)	Died November 28, 1977. Successor appointed to finish the term.	Kaneaster Hodges Jr. (D)	December 10, 1977
Montana (2)	Lee Metcalf (D)	Died January 12, 1978. Successor appointed to finish the term.	Paul G. Hatfield (D)	January 22, 1978
Minnesota (1)	Hubert Humphrey (DFL)	Died January 13, 1978. Successor appointed to continue the term.	Muriel Humphrey (D)	January 25, 1978
Alabama (3)	James Allen (D)	Died June 1, 1978. Successor appointed to continue the term.	Maryon Pittman Allen (D)	June 8, 1978
Alabama (3)	Maryon Pittman Allen (D)	Appointee lost special election. Successor elected November 7, 1978.	Donald Stewart (D)	November 7, 1978
Minnesota (1)	Muriel Humphrey (DFL)	Appointee retired when successor qualified. Successor elected November 7, 1978.	David Durenberger (R)	November 8, 1978
Montana (2)	Paul G. Hatfield (D)	Lost nomination to the next term. Resigned early December 12, 1978. Successor appointed, having already been elected to the next term.	Max Baucus (D)	December 15, 1978
Kansas (2)	James B. Pearson (R)	Resigned December 23, 1978. Successor appointed, having already been elected to the next term.	Nancy Kassebaum (R)	December 23, 1978
Mississippi (2)	James Eastland (D)	Resigned December 27, 1978. Successor appointed, having already been elected to the next term.	Thad Cochran (R)	December 27, 1978
Minnesota (2)	Wendell Anderson (DFL)	Resigned December 29, 1978. Successor appointed, having already been elected to the next term.	Rudy Boschwitz (R)	December 30, 1978
Wyoming (2)	Clifford Hansen (R)	Resigned December 31, 1978. Successor appointed, having already been elected to the next term.	Alan K. Simpson (R)	January 1, 1979
Virginia (2)	William L. Scott (R)	Resigned January 1, 1979. Successor appointed, having already been elected to the next term.	John Warner (R)	January 2, 1979

House of Representatives

replacements: 6
- Democratic: 4 seat net loss
- Republican: 4 seat net gain
deaths: 6
resignations: 21
contested election:
Total seats with changes: 25

District	Vacator	Reason for change	Successor	Date of successor's formal installation
Minnesota 7th	Robert Bergland (DFL)	Resigned January 22, 1977, after being appointed United States Secretary of Agriculture	Arlan Stangeland (R)	February 22, 1977
Washington 7th	Brock Adams (D)	Resigned January 22, 1977, after being appointed United States Secretary of Transportation	John E. Cunningham (R)	May 17, 1977
Georgia 5th	Andrew Young (D)	Resigned January 29, 1977, after being appointed United States Ambassador to the United Nations	Wyche Fowler (D)	April 6, 1977
Louisiana 1st	Richard A. Tonry (D)	Forced to resign May 4, 1977	Bob Livingston (R)	August 27, 1977
New York 18th	Ed Koch (D)	Resigned December 31, 1977, after being elected Mayor of New York City	S. William Green (R)	February 14, 1978
New York 21st	Herman Badillo (D)	Resigned December 31, 1977, after becoming Deputy Mayor of New York City	Robert García (D)	February 21, 1978
Tennessee 5th	Clifford Allen (D)	Died June 18, 1978	Vacant	Not filled this term
California 18th	William M. Ketchum (R)	Died June 24, 1978	Vacant	Not filled this term
Illinois 1st	Ralph Metcalfe (D)	Died October 10, 1978	Vacant	Not filled this term
Maryland 6th	Goodloe Byron (D)	Died October 11, 1978	Vacant	Not filled this term
California 11th	Leo Ryan (D)	Murdered by members of the Peoples Temple at the Guyana Airport November 18, 1978, shortly before the Jonestown Massacre	Vacant	Not filled this term
Wisconsin 6th	William A. Steiger (R)	Died December 4, 1978	Vacant	Not filled this term
Montana 1st	Max Baucus (D)	Resigned December 14, 1978, after being appointed to the U.S. Senate	Vacant	Not filled this term
Mississippi 4th	Thad Cochran (R)	Resigned December 26, 1978, after being appointed to the U.S. Senate	Vacant	Not filled this term
Wyoming At-large	Teno Roncalio (D)	Resigned December 30, 1978	Vacant	Not filled this term
California 3rd	John E. Moss (D)	Resigned December 31, 1978	Vacant	Not filled this term
California 14th	John J. McFall (D)	Resigned December 31, 1978	Vacant	Not filled this term
California 33rd	Del M. Clawson (R)	Resigned December 31, 1978	Vacant	Not filled this term
Kansas 5th	Joe Skubitz (R)	Resigned December 31, 1978	Vacant	Not filled this term
Michigan 10th	Elford A. Cederberg (R)	Resigned December 31, 1978	Vacant	Not filled this term
New Jersey 14th	Joseph A. LeFante (D)	Resigned December 31, 1978	Vacant	Not filled this term
New York 9th	James Delaney (D)	Resigned December 31, 1978	Vacant	Not filled this term
Texas 6th	Olin E. Teague (D)	Resigned December 31, 1978	Vacant	Not filled this term
Texas 11th	William R. Poage (D)	Resigned December 31, 1978	Vacant	Not filled this term
Texas 17th	Omar Burleson (D)	Resigned December 31, 1978	Vacant	Not filled this term

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders, for members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click on the link (2 links), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.

Senate

Aging (Special) (Chair: Frank Church)
Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry (Chair: Herman Talmadge)
- Environment, Soil Conservation and Forestry
- Agricultural Credit and Rural Electrification
- Agricultural Production, Marketing and Stabilization of Prices
- Agricultural Research and General Legislation
- Rural Development
- Foreign Agricultural Policy
- Nutrition
Appropriations (Chair: Warren Magnuson)
- Agriculture and Related Agencies
- Defense
- District of Columbia
- Foreign Operations
- HUD-Independent Agencies
- Interior
- Labor, Health, Education and Welfare
- Legislative
- Military Construction
- Public Works
- State, Justice, Commerce and the Judiciary
- Transportation
- Treasury, Postal Service and General Government
Armed Services (Chair: John C. Stennis)
- Intelligence
- General Procurement
- Military Construction and Stockfiles
- Arms Control
- Tactical Aircraft
- Research and Development
- General Legislation
- Manpower and Personnel
Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs (Chair: William Proxmire)
- Federal Credit Programs
- Housing and Urban Affairs
- Financial Institutions
- Securities
- International Finance
- Production and Stabilization
- Consumer Affairs
- Rural Housing
Budget (Chair: Edmund Muskie)
Commerce, Science and Transportation (Chair: Howard Cannon)
- Aviation
- Communications
- Consumer
- Merchant Marine and Tourism
- Science, Technology and Space
- Surface Transportation
Energy and Natural Resources (Chair: Henry M. Jackson)
- Public Lands and Resources
- Parks and Recreation
- Energy Production and Supply
- Energy Conservation and Regulation
- Energy R&D
Environment and Public Works (Chair: Jennings Randolph)
- Environmental Pollution
- Water Resources
- Transportation
- Regional and Community Development
- Nuclear Regulation
Ethics (Select) (Chair: Adlai Stevenson III)
Finance (Chair: Russell B. Long)
- Health
- International Trade
- Taxation and Debt Management Generally
- Social Security
- Energy and Foundations
- Private Pension Plans and Employee Fringe Benefits
- Unemployment Compensation, Revenue Sharing and Economic Problems
- Administration of the Internal Revenue Code
- Tourism and Sugar
- Public Assistance
Foreign Relations (Chair: John Sparkman)
- European Affairs
- East Asian and Pacific Affairs
- International Operations
- Foreign Economic Policy
- Arms Control, Oceans and International Environment
- Western Hemisphere Affairs
- Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs
- Foreign Assistance
- African Affairs
Governmental Affairs (Chair: Abraham A. Ribicoff)
- Investigations
- Intergovernmental Relations
- Reports, Accounting and Management
- Governmental Efficiency and the District of Columbia
- Federal Spending Practices and Open Government
- Energy, Nuclear Proliferation and Federal Services
- Civil Service and General Services
Human Resources (Chair: Harrison A. Williams)
- Labor
- Handicapped
- Education, Arts and Humanities
- Employment, Poverty and Migratory Labor
- Health and Scientific Research
- Aging
- Child and Human Development
- Alcoholism and Drug Abuse
Indian Affairs (Select) (Chair: James Abourezk)
Judiciary (Chair: James Eastland)
Intelligence (Select) (Chair: Daniel Inouye)
Nutrition and Human Needs (Select)
Rules and Administration (Chair: Howard Cannon, then Claiborne Pell)
Senate Committee System (Special)
Small Business (Select) (Chair: Gaylord Nelson)
Veterans' Affairs (Chair: Alan Cranston)
- Compensation and Pensions
- Health and Readjustment
- Housing, Insurance and Cemeteries
Whole

House of Representatives

Aging (Select) (Chair: Claude Pepper)
Agriculture (Chair: Tom Foley)
- Livestock and Grains
- Tobacco
- Cotton
- Dairy and Poultry
- Family Farms and Rural Development
- Oilseeds and Rice
- Tobacco
- Conservation and Credit
- Department, Investigations, Oversight and Research
- Domestic Marketing, Consumer Relations and Nutrition
- Family Farms, Rural Development and Special Studies
Appropriations (Chair: George H. Mahon)
- Agriculture and Related Agencies
- Defense
- District of Columbia
- Foreign Operations
- HUD-Independent Agencies
- Interior
- Labor-Health, Education and Welfare
- Legislative
- Military Construction
- Public Works
- State, Justice, Commerce and Judiciary
- Transportation
- Treasury, Postal Service and General Government
Armed Services (Chair: Charles Melvin Price)
- Intelligence and Military Application of Nuclear Energy
- Research and Development
- Seapower, Strategic and Critical Materials
- Investigations
- Military Installations and Facilities
- Military Personnel
- Military Compensation
Assassinations (Select) (Chair: Henry B. Gonzalez)
Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs (Chair: Henry S. Reuss)
- The City
- Housing and Community and Development
- Economic Stabilization
- Financial Institutions Supervision, Regulation and Insurance
- International Development Institutions and Finance
- General Oversight and Renegotiation
- Consumer Affairs
- Domestic Monetary Policy
- Historic Preservation and Coinage
- International Trade, Investment and Monetary Policy
Budget (Chair: Robert Giaimo)
- Task Forces
- Budget Process
- Economic Policy
- Tax Expenditures, Government Organization and Regulation
- Distributive Impacts of Budget and Economic Policies
- National Security
- Human Resources
- Community and Physical Resources
- State and Local Government
Crime (Select)
District of Columbia (Chair: Charles Diggs)
- Fiscal and Government Affairs
- Judiciary
- Economic Development
Education and Labor (Chair: Carl D. Perkins)
- Elementary, Secondary and Vocational Education
- Labor-Management Relations
- Labor Standards
- Select Education
- Employment Opportunities
- Postsecondary Education
- Compensation, Health and Safety
- Economic Opportunity
Ethics (Select)
Government Operations (Chair: Jack Brooks)
- Legislation and National Security
- Intergovernmental Relations and Human Resources
- Commerce, Consumer and Monetary Affairs
- Environment, Energy and Natural Resources
- Manpower and Housing
- Government Activities and Transportation
- Government Information and Individual Rights
House Administration (Chair: Frank Thompson)
- Accounts
- Libraries and Memorials
- Printing
- Personnel and Police
- Contracts
- Services
- Office Systems
House Beauty Shop (Select)
Intelligence (Select) (Chair: Edward Boland)
Insular Affairs (Chair: Mo Udall)
- Energy and the Environment
- General Oversight and Alaska Lands
- Mines and Mining
- National Parks and Insular Affairs
- Indian Affairs and Public Lands
- Special Investigations
- Water and Power Resources
International Relations (Chair: Clement J. Zablocki)
- International Security and Scientific Affairs
- International Operations
- Africa
- International Organizations
- Europe and the Middle East
- Asian and Pacific Affairs
- International Economic Policy and Trade
Interstate and Foreign Commerce (Chair: Harley Orrin Staggers)
- International Security and Scientific Affairs
- Oversight and Investigations
- Energy and Power
- Health and the Environment
- Communications
- Transportation and Commerce
- Consumer Protection and Finance
Judiciary (Chair: Peter W. Rodino)
- Immigration, Citizenship and International Law
- Administrative Law and Governmental Relations
- Courts, Civil Liberties and the Administration of Justice
- Civil and Constitutional Rights
- Monopolies and Commercial Law
- Crime
- Criminal Justice
Merchant Marine and Fisheries (Chair: John M. Murphy)
- Merchant Marine
- Fisheries, Wildlife Conservation and the Environment
- Coast Guard and Navigation
- Oceangraphy
- Panama Canal
- Maritime Education and Training (Ad Hoc)
Modernization of House Gallery Facilities (Special)
Narcotics Abuse and Control (Select)
Outer Continental Shelf (Ad Hoc/Select)
Post Office and Civil Service
- Employee Ethics and Utilization
- Civil Service
- Investigations
- Compensations and Employee Benefits
- Postal Operations and Services
- Census and Population
- Postal Personnel and Modernization
Public Works and Transportation (Chair: Harold T. Johnson)
- Aviation
- Economic Development
- Investigations and Review
- Public Buildings and Grounds
- Surface Transportation
- Water Resources
Rules (Chair: James J. Delaney)
Science and Technology (Chair: Olin E. Teague)
- Space Science and Applications
- Fossil and Energy Research, Development and Demonstration
- Advanced Energy Technologies, Energy Conservation, Development and Demonstration
- Environment and the Atmosphere
- Transportation, Aviation and Weather
- Science, Research and Technology
- Domestic and International Scientific Planning, Analysis and Cooperation
Small Business
- SBA and SBIC Authority and General Small Business
- Minority Enterprise and General Oversight
- Antitrust and Restraint of Trade Activities Affecting Small Business
- Energy, Environment, Safety and Research
- Capital Investment and Business Opportunities
- Special Small Business Problems
Standards of Official Conduct (Chair: L. Richardson Preyer)
Veterans' Affairs (Chair: Ray Roberts)
- Compensation, Pension and Insurance
- Education and Training
- Medical Facilities and Benefits
- Housing
- Cemeteries and Burial Benefits
Ways and Means (Chair: Al Ullman)
- Social Security
- Health
- Trade
- Public Assistance and Unemployment Compensation
- Oversight
- Miscellaneous Revenue Measures
Whole

Joint committees

Atomic Energy
Congressional Operations
Defense Productions
Economic
Taxation
Library
Printing

Employees and legislative agency directors

Legislative branch agency directors

Architect of the Capitol: George M. White
Attending Physician of the United States Congress: Freeman H. Cary
Comptroller General of the United States: Elmer B. Staats
Director of the Congressional Budget Office: Alice M. Rivlin
Librarian of Congress: Daniel J. Boorstin
Public Printer of the United States: Thomas F. McCormick (until 1977), John J. Boyle (starting 1977)

Senate

Chaplain: Edward L.R. Elson
Historian: Richard A. Baker
Parliamentarian: Murray Zweben
Secretary: Francis R. Valeo (until March 31, 1977) J. Stanley Kimmitt (starting March 31, 1977)
Sergeant at Arms: Frank Hoffmann
Secretary for the Majority: Howard O. Greene Jr.
Secretary for the Minority: Walter J. Stewart

House of Representatives

Chaplain: Edward G. Latch
Clerk: Edmund L. Henshaw Jr.
Doorkeeper: James T. Molloy
Parliamentarian: William Holmes Brown
Reading Clerks: Bob Berry (R), N/A (D)
Postmaster: Robert V. Rota
Sergeant at Arms: Kenneth R. Harding

References

Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

↑ "Court declares Franken the winner of Minnesota Senate race". CNN. June 30, 2009.

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[1] "Court declares Franken the winner of Minnesota Senate race". CNN. June 30, 2009.

95th United States Congress
94th ← → 96th
United States Capitol (2002)
January 3, 1977 – January 3, 1979
Senate President	Nelson Rockefeller (R) until January 20, 1977 Walter Mondale (D) from January 20, 1977
Senate Pres. pro tem	James Eastland (D)
House Speaker	Tip O'Neill (D)
Members	100 senators 435 representatives 5 non-voting delegates
Senate Majority	Democratic
House Majority	Democratic
Sessions
1st: January 4, 1977 – December 15, 1977 2nd: January 19, 1978 – October 15, 1978

95th United States Congress

Major events

Hearings

Major legislation

Constitutional amendments

Treaties ratified

Party summary

Senate

House of Representatives

Leadership

Senate

Majority (Democratic) leadership

Minority (Republican) leadership

House of Representatives

Majority (Democratic) leadership

Minority (Republican) leadership

Caucuses

Members

Senate

House of Representatives

Non-voting members

Changes in Membership

Senate

House of Representatives

Committees

Senate

House of Representatives

Joint committees

Employees and legislative agency directors

Legislative branch agency directors

Senate

House of Representatives

See also

References

External links