United States Ambassador to the United Nations

Ambassador of the United States to the United Nations
Seal of the United States Department of State
Incumbent
Nikki Haley
since January 27, 2017
United States Department of State
Style Madam Ambassador
Her Excellency
Member of Cabinet
National Security Council
Reports to U.S. President
U.S. Secretary of State
Seat United Nations
New York City, New York, U.S.
Nominator President of the United States
Appointer The President
with Senate advice and consent
Term length At the pleasure of the President
No fixed term
Inaugural holder Edward Stettinius Jr.
Formation December 21, 1945 (1945-12-21)
Salary Executive Schedule, Level 4
Website usun.state.gov

The United States Ambassador to the United Nations is the leader of the U.S. delegation, the U.S. Mission to the United Nations. The position is more formally known as the "Permanent Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations"; it is also known as the U.S. Permanent Representative to the United Nations.

The U.S. Permanent Representative, currently Nikki Haley, is charged with representing the United States on the U.N. Security Council and during almost all plenary meetings of the General Assembly, except in the rare situation in which a more senior officer of the United States (such as the U.S. Secretary of State or the President of the United States) is present. Like all United States ambassadors, he or she must be nominated by the U.S. President and confirmed by the Senate.

Many prominent U.S. politicians and diplomats have held the post, including Adlai Stevenson II, George H. W. Bush, Jeane Kirkpatrick, and Madeleine Albright. The Ambassador serves at the pleasure of the President of the United States, and is therefore appointed by the President.

Nikki Haley was nominated for this position by President Donald Trump[1] and was confirmed by the Senate. She assumed office upon presenting her credentials to the UN Secretary-General on January 27, 2017, but tendered her resignation to President Trump on October 9, 2018, to be effective at the end of that calendar year.

Cabinet status

Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., a leading moderate Republican who lost his seat in the United States Senate to John F. Kennedy in the 1952 elections, was appointed ambassador to the United Nations in 1953 by Dwight D. Eisenhower in gratitude for the defeated senator's role in the new president's defeat of conservative leader Robert A. Taft for the 1952 Republican nomination and subsequent service as his campaign manager in the general election; Eisenhower raised the ambassadorship to cabinet rank in order to give Lodge direct access to him without having to go through the State Department.[2]

The Ambassadorship continued to hold this status through the Ford, Carter, and Reagan administrations but was removed from cabinet rank by George H. W. Bush, who had previously held the position himself. It was restored under the Clinton administration. It was not a cabinet-level position under the George W. Bush administration (from 2001 to 2009),[3][4] but was once again elevated under the Obama administration, and retained by the Trump administration.[5]

Former UN Ambassador John R. Bolton has publicly opposed the granting of cabinet-level status to the office, stating "One, it overstates the role and importance the U.N. should have in U.S. foreign policy, second, you shouldn't have two secretaries in the same department".

List of Ambassadors

The following is a chronological list of those who have held the office:

# Ambassador Years served U.S. President
1 Edward Stettinius, Jr. January 17, 1946 – June 3, 1946 Harry Truman
— Herschel Johnson June 3, 1946 – January 14, 1947
Acting
2 Warren Austin January 14, 1947 – January 22, 1953
Dwight D. Eisenhower
3 Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. January 26, 1953[6] – September 3, 1960
4 James Jeremiah Wadsworth September 8, 1960 – January 21, 1961
John Kennedy
5 Adlai Stevenson January 23, 1961 – July 14, 1965
Lyndon B. Johnson
6 Arthur Goldberg July 28, 1965 – June 24, 1968
7 George W. Ball June 26, 1968 – September 25, 1968
8 James Russell Wiggins October 7, 1968 – January 20, 1969
9 Charles Yost January 23, 1969 – February 25, 1971 Richard Nixon
10 George H. W. Bush March 1, 1971 – January 18, 1973
11 John A. Scali February 20, 1973 – June 29, 1975
Gerald Ford
12 Daniel Patrick Moynihan June 30, 1975 – February 2, 1976
13 William Scranton March 15, 1976 – January 19, 1977
14 Andrew Young January 30, 1977 – September 23, 1979 Jimmy Carter
15 Donald McHenry September 23, 1979 – January 20, 1981
16 Jeane Kirkpatrick February 4, 1981 – April 1, 1985 Ronald Reagan
17 Vernon A. Walters May 22, 1985 – March 15, 1989
George H. W. Bush
18 Thomas R. Pickering March 20, 1989 – May 7, 1992
19 Edward J. Perkins May 12, 1992 – January 27, 1993
Bill Clinton
20 Madeleine Albright January 27, 1993 – January 21, 1997
21 Bill Richardson February 18, 1997 – August 18, 1998
— Peter Burleigh August 18, 1998 – September 7, 1999
Acting
22 Richard Holbrooke September 7, 1999 – January 20, 2001
— James B. Cunningham January 20, 2001 – September 19, 2001
Acting		 George W. Bush
23 John Negroponte September 19, 2001 – June 23, 2004
24 John Danforth July 23, 2004 – January 20, 2005
— Anne W. Patterson January 20, 2005 – August 2, 2005
Acting
25 John R. Bolton August 2, 2005 – December 31, 2006
Recess appointment, not confirmed by the U.S. Senate
— Alejandro Daniel Wolff December 31, 2006 – April 30, 2007
Acting
26 Zalmay Khalilzad April 30, 2007 – January 22, 2009
Barack Obama
27 Susan Rice January 26, 2009 – June 30, 2013
— Rosemary DiCarlo June 30, 2013 – August 5, 2013
Acting
28 Samantha Power August 5, 2013 – January 20, 2017
– Michele J. Sison January 20, 2017 – January 27, 2017
Acting		 Donald Trump
29 Nikki Haley January 27, 2017 – present

Living former U.S. Ambassadors to the United Nations

As of October 2018, there are thirteen living former U.S. Ambassadors to the United Nation (with all Ambassadors that have served since 2001 still living), the oldest being George H. W. Bush (served 1971–1973, born 1924). The most recent Ambassador to die was William Scranton (served 1976–1977, born 1917), on July 28, 2013.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ "Trump chooses women for Cabinet: Haley for UN, DeVos for Ed". The Big Story. Retrieved 2016-11-23.
  2. ↑ Hubbard, James P. (2011). The United States and the End of British Colonial Rule in Africa, 1941–1968. Jefferson City, NC: McFarland & Company. p. 172. ISBN 978-0-7864-5952-0.
  3. ↑ Kelemen, Michele (December 1, 2008). "U.N. Envoy Nominee Rice Known As Smart, Tough". National Public Radio. Retrieved January 21, 2009. The head of the United Nations Foundation, a Washington-based advocacy group, released a statement praising Rice as well as Obama's decision to make the post of U.N. ambassador a Cabinet-level position once again—as it was during the Clinton years.
  4. ↑ Cooper, Helene (November 20, 2008). "Clinton Decision Holding Up Other Obama Choices". New York Times. Retrieved February 9, 2009. Ms. Rice could get the post of United States ambassador to the United Nations, a cabinet-level position under President Clinton. President Bush downgraded the position when he came into office
  5. ↑ Walker, Hunter. "President Trump announces his full Cabinet roster." Yahoo News. 2017-02-07. Retrieved 2017-02-08.
  6. ↑ Chesly Manly (January 27, 1953). "Lodge Asks FBI to Screen All U.S. Aids [sic] on U.N." Chicago Tribune. Chicago Tribune Press Service.
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