47th United States Congress
| 47th United States Congress | |
|---|---|
|
46th ← → 48th | |
 United States Capitol (1877) | |
| March 4, 1881 – March 4, 1883 | |
| Senate President |
Chester A. Arthur (R) until September 19, 1881 Vacant from September 19, 1881 |
| Senate Pres. pro tem |
Thomas F. Bayard (D) David Davis (I) George F. Edmunds (R) |
| House Speaker | J. Warren Keifer (R) |
| Members |
76 senators 293 representatives 8 non-voting delegates |
| Senate Majority | Democratic |
| House Majority | Republican |
| Sessions | |
|
Special: March 4, 1881 – May 20, 1881 Special: October 10, 1881 – October 29, 1881 1st: December 5, 1881 – August 8, 1882 2nd: December 4, 1882 – March 3, 1883 | |
The Forty-seventh United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1881, to March 4, 1883, during the first and only year of James Garfield's presidency, and the first two years of his successor, Chester Arthur's tenure. The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Ninth Census of the United States in 1870. The House had a Republican majority; the Senate was evenly divided.[1]
Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
Senate
| Party (shading shows control) |
Total | Vacant | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic (D) |
Readjuster (RA) | Republican (R) | Independent (I) | Other | |||
| End of the previous congress | 42 | 0 | 31 | 1 | (Anti-Monopoly) 1 |
75 | 1 |
| Begin | 37 | 1 | 36 | 1 | 0 | 75 | 1 |
| End | 37 | 76 | 0 | ||||
| Final voting share | 48.7% | 1.3% | 48.7% | 1.3% | 0.0% | ||
| Beginning of the next congress | 36 | 2 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 76 | 0 |
House of Representatives
| Party (shading shows control) |
Total | Vacant | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic (D) |
Independent Democratic (ID) | Independent (I) | National Greenback (NG) | Independent Republican (IR) | Republican (R) | |||
| End of the previous congress | 146 | 4 | 1 | 11 | 0 | 129 | 291 | 2 |
| Begin | 134 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 0 | 146 | 291 | 2 |
| End | 130 | 1 | 150 | 292 | 1 | |||
| Final voting share | 44.5% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 3.1% | 0.3% | 51.4% | ||
| Beginning of the next congress | 196 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 117 | 325 | 1 |
Leadership
Senate
President of the Senate
Chester A. Arthur (R)
Chester A. Arthur (R)
- President: Chester A. Arthur (R), until September 19, 1881; vacant thereafter
- President pro tempore: Thomas F. Bayard (D), October 10, 1881 – October 13, 1881
- David Davis (I), from October 13, 1881
- George F. Edmunds (R), from March 3, 1883
- Democratic Caucus Chairman: George H. Pendleton
- Republican Conference Chairman: Henry B. Anthony
House of Representatives
| House seats by party holding plurality in state | |
|---|---|
80+% to 100% Democratic |
80+% to 100% Republican |
60+% to 80% Democratic |
60+% to 80% Republican |
Up to 60% Democratic |
Up to 60% Republican |
Major events
- March 4, 1881: James A. Garfield became President of the United States
- September 19, 1881: President Garfield died. Vice President Chester A. Arthur became President of the United States
Major legislation
- February 25, 1882: Apportionment of the Tenth Census, ch. 20, 22 Stat. 5
- May 6, 1882: Chinese Exclusion Act, 22 Stat. 58
- August 2, 1882: Rivers and Harbors Act
- January 16, 1883: Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, ch. 27, 22 Stat. 403
- March 3, 1883: Tariff of 1883 (Mongrel Tariff)
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and Representatives are listed by district.
Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election.
House of Representatives
Members' names are preceded by their district numbers.
Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of this Congress.
Senate
- Deaths: 2
- Resignations: 8
- Interim appointments: 1
- Total replacements: 8
- Democratic: no net change
- Republican: no net change
- Total seats with changes: 10
| State (class) |
Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wisconsin (3) | Vacant | Senator Matthew H. Carpenter died in the previous congress. Successor elected March 14, 1881. |
Angus Cameron (R) | March 14, 1881 |
| Maine (2) | James G. Blaine (R) | Resigned March 5, 1881, to become U.S. Secretary of State. Successor elected March 18, 1881. |
William P. Frye (R) | March 15, 1881 |
| Iowa (2) | Samuel J. Kirkwood (R) | Resigned March 7, 1881, to become U.S. Secretary of the Interior. Successor appointed March 8, 1881, to continue the term. Appointee elected January 25, 1882, to finish the term. |
James W. McDill (R) | March 8, 1881 |
| Minnesota (2) | William Windom (R) | Resigned March 7, 1881, to become U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. Successor appointed March 12, 1881, to continue the term. |
Alonzo J. Edgerton (R) | March 12, 1881 |
| New York (1) | Thomas C. Platt (R) | Resigned May 16, 1881, as a protest against federal appointments made in New York. Successor elected October 11, 1881. |
Warner Miller (R) | July 27, 1881 |
| New York (3) | Roscoe Conkling (R) | Resigned May 16, 1881, as a protest against federal appointments made in New York. Successor elected October 11, 1881. |
Elbridge G. Lapham (R) | August 2, 1881 |
| Rhode Island (1) | Ambrose Burnside (R) | Died September 13, 1881. Successor elected October 5, 1881. |
Nelson W. Aldrich (R) | October 5, 1881 |
| Minnesota (2) | Alonzo J. Edgerton (R) | Interim appointee replaced by successor elected October 30, 1881. | William Windom (R) | November 15, 1881 |
| Colorado (2) | Henry M. Teller (R) | Resigned April 17, 1882, to become U.S. Secretary of the Interior. Successor appointed April 17, 1882. |
George M. Chilcott (R) | April 17, 1882 |
| Georgia (2) | Benjamin H. Hill (D) | Died August 16, 1882. Successor elected November 15, 1882. |
M. Pope Barrow (D) | November 15, 1882 |
| Colorado (2) | George M. Chilcott (R) | Interim appointee replaced by successor elected January 27, 1883. | Horace Tabor (R) | January 27, 1883 |
House of Representatives
- Deaths: 6
- Resignations: 9
- Contested elections: 8
- Total replacements: 14
- Democratic: 1 seat net gain
- Republican: 1 seat net loss
- Total seats with changes: 22
| District | Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Michigan 7th | Vacant | Rep. Omar D. Conger resigned during previous congress | John T. Rich (R) | April 5, 1881 |
| New York 9th | Vacant | Rep. Fernando Wood resigned during previous congress | John Hardy (D) | December 5, 1881 |
| Maine 2nd | William P. Frye (R) | Resigned March 17, 1881, after being elected to the US Senate | Nelson Dingley, Jr. (R) | September 12, 1881 |
| New York 11th | Levi P. Morton (R) | Resigned March 21, 1881, after being appointed Minister to France | Roswell P. Flower (D) | November 8, 1881 |
| South Carolina 2nd | Michael P. O'Connor (D) | Died April 26, 1881, during a contested election. Dibble presented credentials to replace him due to his death. | Samuel Dibble (D) | June 9, 1881 |
| New York 22nd | Warner Miller (R) | Resigned July 26, 1881, after being elected to the US Senate | Charles R. Skinner (R) | November 8, 1881 |
| New York 27th | Elbridge G. Lapham (R) | Resigned July 29, 1881, after being elected to the US Senate | James W. Wadsworth (R) | November 8, 1881 |
| Rhode Island 1st | Nelson W. Aldrich (R) | Resigned October 5, 1881, after being elected to the US Senate | Henry J. Spooner (R) | December 5, 1881 |
| Missouri 2nd | Thomas Allen (D) | Died April 8, 1882 | James H. McLean (R) | December 15, 1882 |
| Mississippi 6th | James R. Chalmers (D) | Lost contested election April 29, 1882 | John R. Lynch (R) | April 29, 1882 |
| South Carolina 2nd | Samuel Dibble (D) | Lost contested election May 31, 1882, during an election originally contested with Michael P. O'Connor. Dibble presented credentials to replace him until Mackey was determined to be the victor under terms of the original election. | Edmund W. M. Mackey (IR) | May 31, 1882 |
| Florida 2nd | Jesse J. Finley (D) | Lost contested election June 1, 1882 | Horatio Bisbee, Jr. (R) | June 1, 1882 |
| Alabama 8th | Joseph Wheeler (D) | Lost contested election June 3, 1882 | William M. Lowe (GB) | June 3, 1882 |
| Illinois 5th | Robert M. A. Hawk (R) | Died June 29, 1882 | Robert R. Hitt (R) | November 7, 1882 |
| South Carolina 5th | George D. Tillman (D) | Lost contested election July 19, 1882 | Robert Smalls (R) | July 19, 1882 |
| Alabama 4th | Charles M. Shelley (D) | Election contested by James Q. Smith. Seat declared vacant July 20, 1882. Shelley re-elected to fill seat. | Charles M. Shelley (D) | November 7, 1882 |
| Alabama 8th | William M. Lowe (GB) | Died October 12, 1882 | Joseph Wheeler (D) | January 15, 1883 |
| Georgia 8th | Alexander H. Stephens (D) | Resigned November 4, 1882, after being elected Governor of Georgia | Seaborn Reese (D) | December 4, 1882 |
| Ohio 16th | Jonathan T. Updegraff (R) | Died November 30, 1882 | Joseph D. Taylor (R) | January 2, 1883 |
| Indiana 9th | Godlove S. Orth (R) | Died December 16, 1882 | Charles T. Doxey (R) | January 17, 1883 |
| North Carolina 3rd | John W. Shackelford (D) | Died January 18, 1883 | Vacant | Not filled this term |
| Missouri 3rd | Richard G. Frost (D) | Lost contested election March 2, 1883 | Gustavus Sessinghaus (R) | March 2, 1883 |
| Iowa 6th | Marsena E. Cutts (R) | Lost election contest March 3, 1883 | John C. Cook (D) | March 3, 1883 |
Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders, for members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click on the link (4 links), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.
Senate
- Additional Accommodations for the Library of Congress (Select)
- Agriculture
- Appropriations
- Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate
- Cabinet Officers on the Floor of the Senate (Select)
- Civil Service and Retrenchment
- Claims
- Commerce
- Distilled Spirit Tax Bill (Select)
- Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)
- District of Columbia
- Education and Labor
- Engrossed Bills
- Enrolled Bills
- Epidemic Diseases (Select)
- Examine the Several Branches in the Civil Service (Select)
- Finance
- Foreign Relations
- Indian Affairs
- Judiciary
- Manufactures
- Memorial on Services Rendered by Carlisle P. Patterson
- Military Affairs
- Mines and Mining
- Mississippi River and its Tributaries (Select)
- Naval Affairs
- Nicaraguan Claims (Select)
- Ordnance and Gunnery (Select)
- Ordnance and Projectiles (Select)
- Ordnance and War Ships (Select)
- Patents
- Pensions
- Post Office and Post Roads
- Potomac River Front (Select)
- Private Land Claims
- Privileges and Elections
- Public Lands
- Railroads
- Revenue Collections in North Carolina (Special)
- Revision of the Laws
- Revolutionary Claims
- Rules
- Sioux and Crow Indians (Select)
- Tariff Regulation (Select)
- Tenth Census (Select)
- Territories
- Transportation Routes to the Seaboard
- Whole
- Woman Suffrage (Select)
House of Representatives
- Accounts
- Alcoholic Liquor Traffic (Select)
- Agriculture
- Appropriations
- Banking and Currency
- Claims
- Coinage, Weights and Measures
- Commerce
- District of Columbia
- Education and Labor
- Elections
- Enrolled Bills
- Expenditures in the Interior Department
- Expenditures in the Justice Department
- Expenditures in the Navy Department
- Expenditures in the Post Office Department
- Expenditures in the State Department
- Expenditures in the Treasury Department
- Expenditures in the War Department
- Expenditures on Public Buildings
- Foreign Affairs
- Indian Affairs
- Invalid Pensions
- Levees and Improvements of the Mississippi River
- Manufactures
- Mileage
- Military Affairs
- Militia
- Mines and Mining
- Naval Affairs
- Pacific Railroads
- Patents
- Pensions
- Post Office and Post Roads
- Public Buildings and Grounds
- Public Lands
- Railways and Canals
- Revision of Laws
- Rules
- Standards of Official Conduct
- Territories
- War Claims
- Ways and Means
- Whole
Joint committees
- American Shipbuilding (Select)
- Budget Control
- Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)
- State, War and Navy Department Building
Caucuses
- Democratic (House)
- Democratic (Senate)
Employees
- Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark
- Librarian of Congress: Ainsworth Rand Spofford
- Public Printer of the United States: John D. Defrees (until 1882), Sterling P. Rounds (starting 1882)
Senate
- Secretary: John C. Burch, elected March 24, 1879, died July 28, 1881
- Francis E. Shober, (Acting), elected October 25, 1881
- Sergeant at Arms: Richard J. Bright
- Chaplain: Joseph J. Bullock (Presbyterian)
House of Representatives
- Clerk: Edward McPherson
- Sergeant at Arms: George W. Hooker
- Doorkeeper: Walter P. Brownlow
- Postmaster: Henry Sherwood
- Clerk at the Speaker’s Table: J. Guilford White
- Michael Sullivan
- Reading Clerks: [Data unknown/missing.]
- Chaplain: Frederick D. Power (Disciples of Christ)
See also
- United States elections, 1880 (elections leading to this Congress)
- United States elections, 1882 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
References
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
External links
- The Great Senate Deadlock of 1881
- Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
- U.S. House of Representatives: House History
- U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
- Congressional Directory for the 47th Congress, 1st Session.
- Congressional Directory for the 47th Congress, 1st Session (Revision).
- Congressional Directory for the 47th Congress, 2nd Session.
- Congressional Directory for the 47th Congress, 2nd Session (Revision).
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