42nd United States Congress

42nd United States Congress
41st ← → 43rd
United States Capitol (1877)
March 4, 1871 – March 4, 1873
Senate President	Schuyler Colfax (R)
Senate Pres. pro tem	Henry B. Anthony (R)
House Speaker	James G. Blaine (R)
Members	74 senators 243 representatives 10 non-voting delegates
Senate Majority	Republican
House Majority	Republican
Sessions
1st: March 4, 1871 – April 20, 1871 2nd: December 4, 1871 – June 10, 1872 3rd: December 2, 1872 – March 4, 1873

The Forty-second United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1871, to March 4, 1873, during the third and fourth years of Ulysses S. Grant's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Eighth Census of the United States in 1860. Both chambers had a Republican majority.

Major events

• June 10, 1871: U.S. Marines make naval attack on the Han River forts in Korea
• March 1, 1872: Yellowstone National Park was established as the world's first national park
• November 5, 1872: United States presidential election, 1872

Major legislation

• April 20, 1871: Civil Rights Act of 1871
• March 1, 1872: Yellowstone National Park founded
• May 10, 1872: General Mining Act of 1872
• May 23, 1872: Amnesty Act of 1872
• June 1, 1872: Practice Conformity Act (precursor to the Rules Enabling Act), ch. 255, 17 Stat. 196
• February 12, 1873: Coinage Act of 1873
• March 3, 1873: Timber Culture Act
• March 3, 1873: Comstock Act

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Leadership

President of the Senate Schuyler Colfax

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1874; Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring re-election in 1876; and Class 3 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring re-election in 1872.

Alabama 2. George Goldthwaite (D) 3. George E. Spencer (R) Arkansas 2. Powell Clayton (R) 3. Benjamin F. Rice (R) California 1. Eugene Casserly (D) 3. Cornelius Cole (R) Connecticut 1. William A. Buckingham (R) 3. Orris S. Ferry (R) Delaware 1. Thomas F. Bayard, Sr. (D) 2. Eli M. Saulsbury (D) Florida 1. Abijah Gilbert (R) 3. Thomas W. Osborn (R) Georgia 2. Thomas M. Norwood (D), from November 14, 1871 3. Joshua Hill (R) Illinois 2. John A. Logan (R) 3. Lyman Trumbull (LR) Indiana 1. Daniel D. Pratt (R) 3. Oliver H. P. T. Morton (R) Iowa 2. George G. Wright (R) 3. James Harlan (R) Kansas 2. Alexander Caldwell (R) 3. Samuel C. Pomeroy (R) Kentucky 2. John W. Stevenson (D) 3. Garrett Davis (D), until September 22, 1872 Willis B. Machen (D), from September 27, 1872 Louisiana 2. J. Rodman West (R) 3. William P. Kellogg (R), until November 1, 1872 Maine 1. Hannibal Hamlin (R) 2. Lot M. Morrill (R) Maryland 1. William T. Hamilton (D) 3. George Vickers (D) Massachusetts 1. Charles Sumner (R) 2. Henry Wilson (R), until March 3, 1873 Michigan 1. Zachariah Chandler (R) 2. Thomas W. Ferry (R) Minnesota 1. Alexander Ramsey (R) 2. William Windom (R) Mississippi 1. Adelbert Ames (R) 2. James L. Alcorn (R), from December 1, 1871

Missouri 1. Carl Schurz (R) 3. Francis P. Blair, Jr. (D) Nebraska 1. Thomas Tipton (R) 2. Phineas Hitchcock (R) Nevada 1. William M. Stewart (R) 3. James W. Nye (R) New Hampshire 2. Aaron H. Cragin (R) 3. James W. Patterson (R) New Jersey 1. John P. Stockton (D) 2. Frederick T. Frelinghuysen (R) New York 1. Reuben Fenton (R) 3. Roscoe Conkling (R) North Carolina 2. Matt W. Ransom (D), from January 30, 1872 3. John Pool (R) Ohio 1. Allen G. Thurman (D) 3. John Sherman (R) Oregon 2. James K. Kelly (D) 3. Henry W. Corbett (R) Pennsylvania 1. John Scott (R) 3. Simon Cameron (R) Rhode Island 1. William Sprague (R) 2. Henry B. Anthony (R) South Carolina 2. Thomas J. Robertson (R) 3. Frederick A. Sawyer (R) Tennessee 1. William G. Brownlow (R) 2. Henry Cooper (D) Texas 1. James W. Flanagan (R) 2. Morgan C. Hamilton (R) Vermont 1. George F. Edmunds (R) 3. Justin S. Morrill (R) Virginia 2. John W. Johnston (D), from March 15, 1871 1. John F. Lewis (R) West Virginia 1. Arthur I. Boreman (R) 2. Henry G. Davis (D) Wisconsin 1. Matthew H. Carpenter (R) 3. Timothy O. Howe (R)

Senate President pro tempore Henry B. Anthony

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Alabama 1. Benjamin S. Turner (R) 2. Charles W. Buckley (R) 3. William A. Handley (D) 4. Charles Hays (R) 5. Peter M. Dox (D) 6. Joseph H. Sloss (D) Arkansas 1. James M. Hanks (D) 2. Oliver P. Snyder (R) 3. John Edwards (LR), until February 9, 1872 Thomas Boles (R), from February 9, 1872 California 1. Sherman O. Houghton (R) 2. Aaron A. Sargent (R) 3. John M. Coghlan (R) Connecticut 1. Julius L. Strong (R), until September 7, 1872 Joseph R. Hawley (R), from December 2, 1872 2. Stephen W. Kellogg (R) 3. Henry H. Starkweather (R) 4. William H. Barnum (D) Delaware At-large. Benjamin T. Biggs (D) Florida At-large. Josiah T. Walls (R), until January 29, 1873 Silas L. Niblack (D), from January 29, 1873 Georgia 1. Archibald T. MacIntyre (D) 2. Richard H. Whiteley (R) 3. John S. Bigby (R) 4. Thomas J. Speer (R), until August 18, 1872 Erasmus W. Beck (D), from December 2, 1872 5. Dudley M. Du Bose (D) 6. William P. Price (D) 7. Pierce M. B. Young (D) Illinois 1. Charles B. Farwell (R) 2. John F. Farnsworth (R) 3. Horatio C. Burchard (R) 4. John B. Hawley (R) 5. Bradford N. Stevens (D) 6. Burton C. Cook (R), until August 26, 1871 Henry Snapp (R), from December 4, 1871 7. Jesse H. Moore (R) 8. James C. Robinson (D) 9. Thompson W. McNeely (D) 10. Edward Y. Rice (D) 11. Samuel S. Marshall (D) 12. John B. Hay (R) 13. John M. Crebs (D) At-large. John L. Beveridge (R), November 7, 1871 – January 4, 1873 Indiana 1. William E. Niblack (D) 2. Michael C. Kerr (D) 3. William S. Holman (D) 4. Jeremiah M. Wilson (R) 5. John Coburn (R) 6. Daniel W. Voorhees (D) 7. Mahlon D. Manson (D) 8. James N. Tyner (R) 9. John P. C. Shanks (R) 10. William Williams (R) 11. Jasper Packard (R) Iowa 1. George W. McCrary (R) 2. Aylett R. Cotton (R) 3. William G. Donnan (R) 4. Madison M. Walden (R) 5. Francis W. Palmer (R) 6. Jackson Orr (R) Kansas At-large. David P. Lowe (R) Kentucky 1. Edward Crossland (D) 2. Henry D. McHenry (D) 3. Joseph H. Lewis (D) 4. William B. Read (D) 5. Boyd Winchester (D) 6. William E. Arthur (D) 7. James B. Beck (D) 8. George M. Adams (D) 9. John M. Rice (D) Louisiana 1. J. Hale Sypher (R) 2. Lionel A. Sheldon (R) 3. Chester B. Darrall (R) 4. James McCleery (R), until November 5, 1871 Alexander Boarman (LR), from December 3, 1872 5. Frank Morey (R) Maine 1. John Lynch (R) 2. William P. Frye (R) 3. James G. Blaine (R) 4. John A. Peters (R) 5. Eugene Hale (R) Maryland 1. Samuel Hambleton (D) 2. Stevenson Archer (D) 3. Thomas Swann (D) 4. John Ritchie (D) 5. William M. Merrick (D) Massachusetts 1. James Buffington (R) 2. Oakes Ames (R) 3. Ginery Twichell (R) 4. Samuel Hooper (R) 5. Benjamin F. Butler (R) 6. Nathaniel P. Banks (R) 7. George M. Brooks (R), until May 13, 1872 Constantine C. Esty (R), from December 2, 1872 8. George F. Hoar (R) 9. William B. Washburn (R), until December 5, 1871 Alvah Crocker (R), from January 2, 1872 10. Henry L. Dawes (R) Michigan 1. Henry Waldron (R) 2. William L. Stoughton (R) 3. Austin Blair (R) 4. Wilder D. Foster (R), from December 4, 1871 5. Omar D. Conger (R) 6. Jabez G. Sutherland (D) Minnesota 1. Mark H. Dunnell (R) 2. John T. Averill (R) Mississippi 1. George E. Harris (R) 2. Joseph L. Morphis (R) 3. Henry W. Barry (R) 4. George C. McKee (R) 5. Legrand W. Perce (R) Missouri 1. Erastus Wells (D) 2. Gustavus A. Finkelnburg (LR) 3. James R. McCormick (D) 4. Harrison E. Havens (R) 5. Samuel S. Burdett (R) 6. Abram Comingo (D) 7. Isaac C. Parker (R) 8. James G. Blair (LR) 9. Andrew King (D) Nebraska At-large. John Taffe (R) Nevada At-large. Charles W. Kendall (D) New Hampshire 1. Ellery A. Hibbard (D) 2. Samuel N. Bell (D) 3. Hosea W. Parker (D)

New Jersey 1. John W. Hazelton (R) 2. Samuel C. Forker (D) 3. John T. Bird (D) 4. John Hill (R) 5. George A. Halsey (R) New York 1. Dwight Townsend (D) 2. Thomas Kinsella (D) 3. Henry W. Slocum (D) 4. Robert Roosevelt (D) 5. William R. Roberts (D) 6. Samuel S. Cox (D) 7. Smith Ely, Jr. (D) 8. James Brooks (D) 9. Fernando Wood (D) 10. Clarkson N. Potter (D) 11. Charles St. John (R) 12. John H. Ketcham (R) 13. Joseph H. Tuthill (D) 14. Eli Perry (D) 15. Joseph M. Warren (D) 16. John Rogers (D) 17. William A. Wheeler (R) 18. John M. Carroll (D) 19. Elizur H. Prindle (R) 20. Clinton L. Merriam (R) 21. Ellis H. Roberts (R) 22. William E. Lansing (R) 23. R. Holland Duell (R) 24. John E. Seeley (R) 25. William H. Lamport (R) 26. Milo Goodrich (R) 27. H. Boardman Smith (R) 28. Freeman Clarke (R) 29. Seth Wakeman (R) 30. William Williams (D) 31. Walter L. Sessions (R) North Carolina 1. Clinton L. Cobb (R) 2. Charles R. Thomas (R) 3. Alfred M. Waddell (D) 4. Sion H. Rogers (D) 5. James M. Leach (D) 6. Francis E. Shober (D) 7. James C. Harper (D) Ohio 1. Aaron F. Perry (R), until July 14, 1872 Ozro J. Dodds (D), from October 9, 1872 2. Job E. Stevenson (R) 3. Lewis D. Campbell (D) 4. John F. McKinney (D) 5. Charles N. Lamison (D) 6. John A. Smith (R) 7. Samuel Shellabarger (R) 8. John Beatty (R) 9. Charles Foster (R) 10. Erasmus D. Peck (R) 11. John T. Wilson (R) 12. Philadelph Van Trump (D) 13. George W. Morgan (D) 14. James Monroe (R) 15. William P. Sprague (R) 16. John Bingham (R) 17. Jacob A. Ambler (R) 18. William H. Upson (R) 19. James A. Garfield (R) Oregon At-large. James H. Slater (D) Pennsylvania 1. Samuel J. Randall (D) 2. John V. Creely (IR) 3. Leonard Myers (R) 4. William D. Kelley (R) 5. Alfred C. Harmer (R) 6. Ephraim L. Acker (D) 7. Washington Townsend (R) 8. J. Lawrence Getz (D) 9. Oliver J. Dickey (R) 10. John W. Killinger (R) 11. John B. Storm (D) 12. Lazarus D. Shoemaker (R) 13. Ulysses Mercur (R), until December 2, 1872 Frank C. Bunnell (R), from December 24, 1872 14. John B. Packer (R) 15. Richard J. Haldeman (D) 16. Benjamin F. Meyers (D) 17. R. Milton Speer (D) 18. Henry Sherwood (D) 19. Glenni W. Scofield (R) 20. Samuel Griffith (D) 21. Henry D. Foster (D) 22. James S. Negley (R) 23. Ebenezer McJunkin (R) 24. William McClelland (D) Rhode Island 1. Benjamin T. Eames (R) 2. James M. Pendleton (R) South Carolina 1. Joseph Rainey (R) 2. Robert C. De Large (R), until January 24, 1873; vacant thereafter 3. Robert B. Elliott (R) 4. Alexander S. Wallace (R) Tennessee 1. Roderick R. Butler (R) 2. Horace Maynard (R) 3. Abraham E. Garrett (D) 4. John M. Bright (D) 5. Edward I. Golladay (D) 6. Washington C. Whitthorne (D) 7. Robert P. Caldwell (D) 8. William W. Vaughan (D) Texas 1. William S. Herndon (D) 2. John C. Conner (D) 3. William T. Clark (R), until May 13, 1872 De Witt C. Giddings (D), from May 13, 1872 4. John Hancock (D) Vermont 1. Charles W. Willard (R) 2. Luke P. Poland (R) 3. Worthington C. Smith (R) Virginia 1. John Critcher (D) 2. James H. Platt, Jr. (R) 3. Charles H. Porter (R) 4. William H. H. Stowell (R) 5. Richard T. W. Duke (D) 6. John T. Harris (D) 7. Elliott M. Braxton (D) 8. William Terry (D) West Virginia 1. John J. Davis (D) 2. James C. McGrew (R) 3. Frank Hereford (D) Wisconsin 1. Alexander Mitchell (D) 2. Gerry W. Hazelton (R) 3. J. Allen Barber (R) 4. Charles A. Eldredge (D) 5. Philetus Sawyer (R) 6. Jeremiah M. Rusk (R) Non-voting members Arizona Territory. Richard C. McCormick (D) Colorado Territory. Jerome B. Chaffee (R) Dakota Territory. Moses K. Armstrong (D) District of Columbia. Norton P. Chipman (R), from April 21, 1871 Idaho Territory. Samuel A. Merritt (D) Montana Territory. William H. Clagett (R) New Mexico Territory. José Manuel Gallegos (D) Utah Territory. William H. Hooper (D) Washington Territory. Selucius Garfielde (R) Wyoming Territory. William T. Jones (R)

House seats by party holding plurality in state   80+% to 100% Democratic   80+% to 100% Republican   60+% to 80% Democratic   60+% to 80% Republican   Up to 60% Democratic   Up to 60% Republican Speaker of the House James G. Blaine

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders, for members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click on the link (1 link), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.

Caucuses

• Democratic (House)
• Democratic (Senate)

Employees

• Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark
• Librarian of Congress: Ainsworth Rand Spofford

See also

• United States elections, 1870 (elections leading to this Congress)
  • United States Senate elections, 1870 and 1871
  • United States House of Representatives elections, 1870
• United States elections, 1872 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
  • United States presidential election, 1872
  • United States Senate elections, 1872 and 1873
  • United States House of Representatives elections, 1872

References

• Byrd, Robert C.; Wolff, Wendy (October 1, 1993). "The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789-1992" (volume 4 Bicentennial ed.). U.S. Government Printing Office.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

External links

• Statutes at Large, 1789-1875
• Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
• House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
• Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
• U.S. House of Representatives: House History
• U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
• Congressional Directory for the 42nd Congress, 1st Session.
• Congressional Directory for the 42nd Congress, 2nd Session.
• Congressional Directory for the 42nd Congress, 2nd Session (Revision).
• Congressional Directory for the 42nd Congress, 3rd Session.
• Congressional Directory for the 42nd Congress, 3rd Session (Revision).