2018 Russia–United States summit

2018 Russia–United States summit
Donald Trump and Vladimir Putin shake hands during the summit
Host country  Finland[1]
Date July 16, 2018[1]
Venue(s) Presidential Palace
Cities Helsinki, Finland
Participants United States Donald Trump
Russia Vladimir Putin
Website um.fi/helsinki2018

The 2018 Russia–United States summit was a summit meeting between United States President Donald Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin (hence also known as the Trump–Putin summit) on July 16, 2018, in Helsinki, Finland. The Finnish Ministry for Foreign Affairs officially titled the summit as the #HELSINKI2018 Meeting and it was hosted by the President of Finland Sauli Niinistö.

During a post-summit joint press conference with Putin, Trump failed to acknowledge Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. elections. Trump's omissions provoked an uproar across the political spectrum, including from some of his usual allies. One day later, Trump amended part of his remarks, contending that he had misspoken due to an incorrectly perceived "double-negative".

History

President Vladimir Putin and NSC Advisor John R. Bolton meeting at the Kremlin, Moscow, on June 27, 2018, to discuss the summit

Helsinki previously served as the location for the signing of the Helsinki Accords in 1975, following a series of meetings intended to reduce tensions between the Western and Soviet blocs during the Cold War.[2] The US National Security Advisor John R. Bolton met with Russian President Vladimir Putin on June 27, 2018, to discuss the details of the summit and other bilateral issues.[3] On June 28, the location of the summit was announced by the White House and the Kremlin to be Helsinki.[4]

Background

The Presidential Palace in Helsinki, the venue of the summit

The summit was officially called the #HELSINKI2018 Meeting by the Finnish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and was hosted by the President of Finland Sauli Niinistö.[5] The summit took place in the Presidential Palace and marked the first official meeting between the leaders after previous unofficial talks between Trump and Putin at the G20 Hamburg and APEC Vietnam summits held in 2017.[6] Topics Trump announced to be discussed at the summit included the situations in Syria and Ukraine.[7][8] The United States Secretary of State Mike Pompeo met his Russian and Finnish counterparts Sergey Lavrov and Timo Soini.[9]

Niinistö held bilateral meetings with both presidents on the day of the summit. That morning, Niinistö and Finnish First Lady Jenni Haukio welcomed Trump and U.S. First Lady Melania Trump at their main official residence in Mäntyniemi. During the presidents' meeting, the two women met for a joint breakfast.[10]

The #HELSINKI2018 meeting began at the Presidential Palace after midday (at approximately 1 pm) with Niinistö officially welcoming Putin, followed by Trump. The bilateral discussions between the Russian and American presidents took place in the Presidential Palace's Gothic Hall; Trump and Putin met with only interpreters present.[11] Their meeting was followed by a working lunch including additional officials in the Hall of Mirrors.[12]

NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg and former Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev said they welcomed Trump's planned meeting with Vladimir Putin.[13]

On July 13, 2018, three days before the summit, Rod Rosenstein, the United States Deputy Attorney General, announced indictments of twelve Russian GRU officers for their efforts in the 2016 Democratic National Committee email leak, through the establishment of false identities as DCLeaks and Guccifer 2.0, as well as charges of money laundering using bitcoin. The timing of these indictments lead to closer scrutiny of the upcoming meeting and pressure for Trump to discuss election meddling with Putin.[14] Bloomberg News reported the day after the summit that Trump permitted the indictments to be announced prior to the summit hoping it would strengthen his position in negotiations with Putin.[15]

Two days before the scheduled meeting, a group of top Senate Democrats urged Trump to not meet with Putin one-on-one. Signers of a letter advising him not to meet alone with Putin included Minority Leader Charles Schumer, Minority Whip Dick Durbin, and the top Democrats on the Senate Intelligence (Mark Warner), Foreign Relations (Bob Menendez), Judiciary (Dianne Feinstein), Armed Services (Jack Reed), Appropriations (Patrick Leahy), and Banking (Sherrod Brown) committees.[16][17]

Controversial remarks

During an interview on the eve of the summit with CBS News, Trump was asked who America's biggest foe is. He said Russia is "a foe in certain aspects" and called the European Union the biggest trade foe of the United States.[18] Trump tweeted on the morning of the summit that the relationship between Russia and the U.S. has "never been worse".[19] He blamed this on "foolishness and stupidity" on the part of the U.S., and referenced the ongoing Special Counsel investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 elections, calling it a "witchhunt". The Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs retweeted Trump's message, adding "We agree".[20] Trump also indicated his inclination to accept Putin's denial of Russian interference, saying "President Putin says it's not Russia. I don't see any reason why it would be."[21]

Demonstrations

According to the Finnish Broadcasting Company Yle, more than 10 demonstrations were planned for the summit.[22] On Sunday 15 July, about 2,500 protesters gathered for the "Helsinki Calling" pro-human rights demonstration at the Helsinki Senate Square.[23][24] Simultaneously, the youth section of the nationalist Finns Party staged a pro-Trump rally. The "Welcome Trump" event gathered a crowd of 50 people including Finns Party youth and Soldiers of Odin members.[24][25]

More demonstrations were planned for Monday 16 July, including the "Stop Putin" and "Helsinki against Trump and Putin" rallies and protests for women's rights, Afghanistan and against Russophobia.[22] Youth section of the conservative National Coalition Party said they would hold a demonstration against President Trump's trade policy and Russia's annexation of the Crimea.[22]

Delegations

U.S. delegation

Russian delegation

Private meeting

Trump and Putin met privately for two hours, without aides or note-takers, accompanied only by their respective interpreters. The meeting had been scheduled for 90 minutes but lasted two hours.[26][27] The private meeting was followed by a working lunch that included senior advisors.[27]

Topics discussed

No agenda was published for their discussion, and no communique was issued afterward. Some issues were touched on at the press conference. In the following days Russia issued multiple statements about what it said were agreements made at the summit, "shaping a narrative of the meeting with no confirmation or alternative account from the Trump administration."[28] Four days after the summit, Director of National Intelligence Dan Coats stated, "I don't know what happened in that meeting." Senate minority leader Chuck Schumer remarked, "It is utterly amazing, utterly amazing, that no one knows what was said."[29] Senator Jeanne Shaheen and Representative Bill Pascrell called for Trump's interpreter, Marina Gross, to testify before Congress, while House Intelligence Committee ranking member Adam Schiff called for her to testify to the Committee in closed session.[30][31][32]

In the press conference immediately following the meeting, both leaders described some of their positions. On the question of the Syrian civil war, Trump wanted Iranian troops to leave Syria, while Putin would not commit to their departure. Both agreed that Iranian troops should be kept away from the Israel-Syria border, with Trump noting that "Creating safety for Israel is something both Putin and I would like to see very much." Trump said he is willing to help Syria with humanitarian aid, even if there is no wider peace settlement.[33] That may contradict the earlier Trump administration position that it will not provide reconstruction assistance to any part of Syria that remains under the control of Bashar al-Assad, whom Russia backs. The Russian ambassador to the U.S. later said that Syria had been the major topic of discussion, along with "the removal of the concerns that the United States has regarding the well-known claims about alleged interference in the elections". Four days after the meeting, a Russian military spokesman said Russia has sent formal proposals for a joint U.S.-Russian effort to reconstruct Syria and facilitate the return home of Syrian refugees.[28]

In a Fox News interview the next day, Putin indicated that the two had agreed to disagree about Crimea. Putin said he wanted acceptance of the disputed 2014 referendum in which Crimeans voted to become part of Russia, and insisted that Ukraine must never become part of NATO. He said they had agreed to hold talks on extension of the START treaty, which expires in 2021, but he wants to see evidence that the U.S. has lived up to the terms of the treaty. He also wants to negotiate on the 1987 Intermediate Nuclear Treaty.[33]

The day after the meeting, a Russian military spokesman said that Russia is "ready for practical implementation of the agreements reached between Russian President Vladimir Putin and US President Donald Trump in the sphere of international security achieved at the Helsinki summit." His statement said the agreements include cooperation in Syria and discussions about extending the START Treaty.[34] No agreements were announced at the summit, and White House and Pentagon spokesmen said they were not aware of any new agreements.[35] A spokesman for the National Security Council said "As President Trump stated, the two sides agreed that their national security council staffs will follow up on the presidents' meetings, and these discussions are underway. There were no commitments to undertake any concrete action, beyond agreement that both sides should continue discussions." The spokesman said they are also reviewing suggestions by Putin for a "cyber-group" and an anti-terrorism group.[28]

Press conference

After the private meeting and the working lunch, Trump and Putin gave a joint press conference. When Trump was asked whether he would condemn Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. election, he demurred, saying that Putin had denied it.[36]

JONATHAN LEMIRE, ASSOCIATED PRESS: President Trump, you first. Just now, President Putin denied having anything to do with the election interference in 2016. Every U.S. intelligence agency has concluded that Russia did. My first question for you sir is, who do you believe? My second question is would you now, with the whole world watching, tell President Putin, would you denounce what happened in 2016 and would you want him to never do it again?

TRUMP: So let me just say that we have two thoughts. You have groups that are wondering why the FBI never took the server. Why haven't they taken the server? Why was the FBI told to leave the office of the Democratic National Committee?

I've been wondering that. I've been asking that for months and months and I've been tweeting it out and calling it out on social media. Where is the server? I want to know where is the server and what is the server saying?

With that being said, all I can do is ask the question.

My people came to me, Dan Coats, came to me and some others they said they think it's Russia. I have President Putin. He just said it's not Russia.

I will say this: I don't see any reason why it would be. But I really do want to see the server but I have, I have confidence in both parties.

[...]

I have great confidence in my intelligence people but I will tell you that President Putin was extremely strong and powerful in his denial today and what he did is an incredible offer.

He offered to have the people working on the case come and work with their investigators, with respect to the 12 people. I think that's an incredible offer. Ok? Thank you.[36]

During the press conference, Jeff Mason from Reuters asked whether Putin had wanted Donald Trump to win the 2016 presidential election and had he directed any of his officials to help him do that? Putin replied: "Yes, I did. Because he talked about bringing the US-Russia relationship back to normal." This contradicted a tweet sent by Trump in which he claimed: "I'm very concerned that Russia will be fighting very hard to have an impact on the upcoming Election. Based on the fact that no President has been tougher on Russia than me, they will be pushing very hard for the Democrats. They definitely don't want Trump!" All reference to that exchange between Mr Mason and the Russian leader was omitted from the official White House transcript.[37][38]

Asked whether Russia possessed any compromising material on Trump, Putin laughed and talked about the number of businessmen who visit Russia, but did not give a direct answer. Trump commented that if any such material existed "it would have been out long ago".[39]

Followup

Reaction

The hours immediately following the summit drew bipartisan criticism in the United States. Criticism focused on Trump's perceived acceptance of Putin's denial of involvement in Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections, which contradicted the findings of the United States Intelligence Community, and stood in pointed contrast to the indictment of twelve Russian GRU agents just three days earlier in the ongoing Special Counsel investigation:[36] U.S. media reaction was almost universally negative, even from many commentators on Fox News who normally support the president.[40] International news coverage of the summit was mostly negative in Europe, triumphant in Russia, and muted in China.[41]

Democrats universally condemned Trump's performance. House minority leader Nancy Pelosi called it a "sad day for America."[42] Senate Democrats led by Jeanne Shaheen called for American interpreter Marina Gross, who sat in on the private meeting with Putin, to be questioned before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Shaheen added, if the administration is to exert executive privilege, "we need to find another way to get the information."[43] Senator Chuck Schumer said "We need hearings as soon as possible", with testimony from members of Trump's national security team present during the Helsinki summit, including Secretary of State Mike Pompeo."[44][45] NBC News reported that "key senators were preparing to grill" Pompeo "on Russia and North Korea" when he briefs them and that "tempers flared" during a July 18, 2018 Senate Foreign Relations committee hearing at which this was discussed. New Jersey Senator Robert Menendez, top Democrat on the Senate Foreign Relations, stated "If the administration is unwilling to consult with this committee in a meaningful fashion on vital national security issues, then we must consider all appropriate responses." Republican committee chairman Bob Corker stated, "On challenging what happened at NATO, what happened at Helsinki, I will take a backseat to no one in this body," after previously stating that "the dam has broken."[46][47]

Some Republicans in Congress strongly criticized Trump. Senator Bob Corker claimed Trump "made us look like a pushover", Senator Ben Sasse called Trump's remarks "bizarre and flat-out wrong", while Senator Tim Scott wondered if "day was a step backwards".[48] Others including Paul Ryan and Mitch McConnell reaffirmed support for the U.S. intelligence community without directly condemning Trump.[48] Newt Gingrich, a longtime Trump supporter, said Trump's statements about the U.S. intelligence community were "the most serious mistake of his presidency and must be corrected — immediately".[49] Former Governor Mitt Romney and Senator John McCain, the Republican nominees for president in 2008 and 2012, both strongly criticized Trump.[50] Romney said Trump's siding with Putin rather than U.S. intelligence agencies was "disgraceful and detrimental to our democratic principles", while McCain called the summit "one of the most disgraceful performances by an American president in memory."[51]

Republican Senator Rand Paul was the lone voice in the Senate to support Trump in the matter,[52] saying that Trump should be "lauded and not belittled" for being "willing to meet with adversaries to try to prevent us from having World War 3."[53] A few Republican members of the House of Representatives also made supportive comments.[54]

Shortly after the summit concluded, CNN reported that Trump's "stunned aides wonder what went wrong" and "openly admitted they don't know how to respond to questions," quoting one official involved with the summit as saying "this was not the plan."[55] The Washington Post and The Wall Street Journal later reported that there was extensive planning before the summit to confront Putin, with one official saying the plan was for Trump to "shove [the Mueller indictments of 12 Russians] in Putin's face and look strong doing it" during both the private meeting and public press conference, but that Trump "did the exact opposite."[56][57]

The New York Times, Time magazine, and The New Yorker magazine mocked Trump and the summit. The New York Times' online opinion page displayed homoerotic imagery of Trump and Putin in an animated cartoon by Bill Plympton.[58] A morphed image of a Trump-Putin hybrid was published on the Time magazine cover.[59] The New Yorker magazine cover art displayed a parody of Trump's June 15, 2015 escalator announcement of his candidacy,[60] showing a dead and flattened Trump laid out face down, but giving the "thumbs-up" at the bottom of the escalator.[61][62]

Television commentators presented criticism of Trump and the summit.[63] David Gergen, an advisor to four presidents including Ronald Reagan, stated "I've never heard an American president talk that way, but I think it's especially true that when he's with someone like Putin — who is a thug, a world-class thug — that he sides with him again and again against his own country's interests."[64] Fox & Friends, a morning program which Trump is known to regularly watch, was critical of Trump's performance, with co-host Brian Kilmeade speaking directly to the president, "I will say this to the president: when Newt Gingrich, when General Jack Keane, when Matt Schlapp say the president fell short and made our intelligence apparatus look bad, I think it's time to pay attention."[65] On MSNBC, Watergate prosecutor Jill Wine-Banks said that the Russian meddling attempts were as serious to her "as the Cuban Missile Crisis...or the 9/11 attack" and further stated that the summit will "live in infamy as much as" the Attack on Pearl Harbor or Kristallnacht.[63] Former national security advisor Susan Rice stated that the US-Russia summit was a bad mistake, citing many reasons, and that any future meeting would be premature.[66]

Trump's followup

The next day, Trump, reading from a prepared statement, indicated that he had mistakenly used the word "would" when he had meant to say "wouldn't", acknowledging Russian attempts at meddling in the 2016 election but denying Trump-Russia collusion.[67]

NBC News from Twitter
@NBCNews

President Trump claims he misspoke while discussing election meddling during news conference with Putin: "In a key sentence in my remarks, I said the word 'would' instead of 'wouldn't.' ... The sentence should've been: 'I don't see any reason why it wouldn't be Russia'"

July 17, 2018[68]

Trump paused reading his prepared statement to interject that the interference "Could be other people also. A lot of people out there."[69][70] In the past, Trump had questioned many times if Russia was responsible, and on several previous occasions when he did say Russia was responsible, he also said that other countries might also have meddled.[71] The American intelligence community has consistently concluded that Russia was responsible for the hacking,[72][73] with three intelligence agencies having "high confidence" that Russian interference was ordered by Putin himself.[74]

Trump then suggested on Twitter that his critics would rather go to war with Russia than see him get along with Putin.[75]

Donald J. Trump from Twitter
@realDonaldTrump

Some people HATE the fact that I got along well with President Putin of Russia. They would rather go to war than see this. It's called Trump Derangement Syndrome!

18 Jul 2018[76]

During an interview three days after the summit, Trump told CBS News that he holds the Russian president, Vladimir Putin, personally responsible for Russia's attempts at meddling in the 2016 US presidential election.[77]

It was reported that Trump asked his national security adviser, John R. Bolton, to invite Mr. Putin to Washington, to continue dialogue that began in Helsinki. In a tweet, Trump indicated he looked forward to a second meeting with Mr. Putin "so that we can start implementing some of the many things discussed" in Helsinki.[78]

Donald J. Trump from Twitter
@realDonaldTrump

The Summit with Russia was a great success, except with the real enemy of the people, the Fake News Media. I look forward to our second meeting so that we can start implementing some of the many things discussed, including stopping terrorism, security for Israel, nuclear........

19 Jul 2018[79]

Possibility of Russians interrogating U.S. citizens

During his joint press conference with Putin, Trump stated, "And what [Putin] did is an incredible offer; he offered to have the people working on the [Special Counsel investigation] come and work with their investigators with respect to the 12 [Russians who were under indictment in America]. I think that's an incredible offer."[80] Trump did not mention the quid pro quo for Putin's offer, which was to have Russians interrogate 11 U.S. citizens. Two days later, White House press secretary Sarah Sanders confirmed that Putin and Trump had discussed the possibility of Russian officials questioning Michael McFaul, a former US ambassador to Russia, as well as Putin critic Bill Browder and others, in exchange for allowing investigators of the Special Counsel investigation to question twelve Russians who are under indictment in America. Sanders stated in a press conference, "The president will work with his team and we'll let you know if there's an announcement on that front."[81][82] State Department spokeswoman Heather Nauert called the Russian request "absolutely absurd."[82] Critics assailed Trump for even considering subjecting a former American diplomat to questioning by a hostile foreign power.[83] As the Republican-controlled Senate prepared to vote on a resolution opposing the Putin proposal,[84][85][86] Sanders stated that Trump "disagrees" with the Putin proposal.[87] The Senate approved the non-binding "sense of the Senate" resolution, which stated that no current or former diplomat or other government employee should be made available to the Russians for interrogation, on a 98-0 vote.[88]

See also

References

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  2. ↑ King, Alexandra (2018-07-01). "Trump-Putin summit makes US a 'less reliable' partner to its Western allies, former UK official says". CNN. Retrieved 2018-07-02.
  3. ↑ Roth, Andrew (27 June 2018). "Trump and Putin to reveal details of first official summit". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
  4. ↑ Jenkins, Nash (28 June 2018). "What We Know About Trump's Summit With Putin (So Far)". Time. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
  5. ↑ "#HELSINKI2018 - Ministry for Foreign Affairs". um.fi. Retrieved 2018-07-11.
  6. ↑ "Trump ja Putin kohtaavat Helsingissä 16. heinäkuuta, Trump tahtoo tavata Sauli Niinistön kahden kesken – Tämä kaikki huippukokouksesta tiedetään" [Trump and Putin will meet in Helsinki on 16 July, Trump wants to meet with Sauli Niinistö privately – All this is known about the summit]. Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). 28 June 2018. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
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  12. ↑ "American and Russian presidents to meet at the Presidential Palace in Helsinki - The President of the Republic of Finland". president.fi. Retrieved 2018-07-13.
  13. ↑ "The Latest: Gorbachev has high hopes for Putin-Trump summit". AP News. June 28, 2018.
  14. ↑ reuters.com (13 July 2018): Indictment of Russian officers puts pressure on Trump at Putin summit
  15. ↑ "Trump Decided Russia Indictments Should Come Pre-Summit, Sources Say". Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  16. ↑ http://www.warner.senate.gov (14 July 2018): Do not meet Putin alone
  17. ↑ thehill.com (14 July 2018): Senate Dems tell Trump: Don't meet with Putin one-on-one
  18. ↑ "Trump, on Eve of Putin Meeting, Calls E.U. a Trade 'Foe'=". Retrieved 17 July 2018.
  19. ↑ Donald Trump [@realDonaldTrump] (July 15, 2018). "Our relationship with Russia has NEVER been worse thanks to many years of U.S. foolishness and stupidity and now, the Rigged Witch Hunt!" (Tweet). Archived from the original on July 17, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018 – via Twitter.
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  22. 1 2 3 "Number of protests for Trump-Putin Helsinki summit rises to 10". Yle News. 12 July 2018. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
  23. ↑ "Watch: Demonstrators rally ahead of Trump's arrival in Finland". Yle News. 15 July 2018. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
  24. 1 2 "Finns rally against Trump, Putin ahead of Helsinki summit". Reuters. 15 July 2018. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
  25. ↑ Auramies, Jukka (15 July 2018). "Isänmaalliset nuoret Trumpin puolesta – kourallinen PS-nuoria sekä Soldiers of Odinin jäseniä toivotti Trumpin ilolla tervetulleeksi". MTV3 (in Finnish). Retrieved 16 July 2018.
  26. 1 2 Horsley, Dan (2018-07-16). "Trump, Putin Meet For 2 Hours In Helsinki". NPR. Retrieved 2018-07-17.
  27. 1 2 "Trump-Putin summit: US leader hails 'good start' in Helsinki". BBC News. July 16, 2018. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
  28. 1 2 3 DeYoung, Karen (July 20, 2018). "Russia continues to shape narrative of Helsinki summi". The Washington Post. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
  29. ↑ Lee, Matthew (July 20, 2018). "What did Trump and Putin talk about? Only they know". AP News. Retrieved 22 July 2018.
  30. ↑ Smith, Allan (2018-07-17). "2 top Democrats want Congress to interview the interpreter who was in the room with Trump and Putin". Business Insider. Retrieved 2018-07-17.
  31. ↑ Michael Collins (July 19, 2018). "Trump's interpreter: Should she be compelled to tell what she heard during private meeting with Putin?". USAToday.com. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  32. ↑ "Adam Schiff on Twitter". Twitter. Retrieved 22 July 2018.
  33. 1 2 Wintour, Patrick (July 17, 2018). "Helsinki summit: what did Trump and Putin agree?". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
  34. ↑ Gaouette, Nicole; Phillip, Abby (July 18, 2018). "US offers no details as Russia claims Trump and Putin reached military agreements". CNN. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
  35. ↑ Ryan, Missy; Morello, Carol (July 17, 2018). "No one can explain what Trump's Russia summit means, not even the U.S. government". The Washington Post. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
  36. 1 2 3 "Transcript:Trump And Putin's Joint Press Conference". Retrieved 17 July 2018.
  37. ↑ Friedman, Uri (July 17, 2018). "The White House Transcript Is Missing the Most Explosive Part of the Trump–Putin Press Conference". The Atlantic. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
  38. ↑ Sopel, Jon (2018-07-25). "From 'alternative facts' to rewriting history". BBC News. Retrieved 2018-07-26.
  39. ↑ Wolf, Z. Byron (July 16, 2018). "Does Russia have Kompromat on Trump? Here's Putin's strange answer". CNN. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
  40. ↑ Relman, Eliza (July 18, 2018). "Trump's staunchest media allies are facing their biggest test yet — and some of them are finally abandoning him". Business Insider. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
  41. ↑ Smith, Alexander (July 17, 2018). "International reaction to Trump-Putin meeting is mixed". NBC News. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
  42. ↑ "Trump defends Putin from claims of election interference". CBS News. July 16, 2018. Retrieved 20 July 2018.
  43. ↑ Khan, Mariam (July 18, 2018). "Senate Democrats want to question Trump's interpreter at Putin summit". ABC News. Retrieved 20 July 2018.
  44. ↑ Treyz, Catherine (July 17, 2018). "Schumer demands hearings 'immediately' with Trump officials -- including Pompeo". CNN. Retrieved 20 July 2018.
  45. ↑ Sheryl Gay Stolberg, Nicholas Fandos and Thomas Kaplan, New York Times, Republicans Rebuke Trump for Siding With Putin as Democrats Demand Action, July 16, 2018.
  46. ↑ Heidi Przybyla | NBC News, Frustrated senators want answers on Trump's foreign meetings, https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/frustrated-senators-want-answers-trump-s-foreign-meetings-n892621, July 18, 2018
  47. ↑ "For Republicans, 'The Dam Has Broken.' But for How Long?". Retrieved 24 July 2018.
  48. 1 2 Fox, Lauren (July 16, 2018). "Top Republicans in Congress break with Trump over Putin comments". CNN. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
  49. ↑ Greenwood, Max (July 16, 2018). "Gingrich: Putin press conference was 'most serious mistake' of Trump's presidency". The Hill. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
  50. ↑ "My statement on today's summit in Helsinki".
  51. ↑ Sarah Hallam (July 16, 2018). "John McCain: Trump gave 'one of the most disgraceful performances by an American president in memory'". CNN.
  52. ↑ "Trump thanks lone Republican for support on Putin summit". Retrieved 20 July 2018.
  53. ↑ Tillett, Emily (17 July 2018). "Rand Paul defends Trump: Meeting with adversaries should be "lauded and not belittled."". CBS News. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
  54. ↑ Verhovek, John (July 19, 2018). "Despite summit blowback, many GOP candidates stick by Trump on Russia". ABC News. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
  55. ↑ Kevin Liptak; Jeff Zeleny; Kaitlan Collins (July 16, 2018). "'How bad was that?': Even Trump aides question damage done". CNN.
  56. ↑ "'Very much counter to the plan': Trump defies advisers in embrace of Putin". Washington Post. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
  57. ↑ Ballhaus, Rebecca; Nicholas, Peter (21 July 2018). "Trump Digs In Against Criticism on Multiple Fronts". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
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  59. ↑ TIME, The Story Behind TIME's Trump and Putin 'Summit Crisis' Cover, July 19, 2018.
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  63. 1 2 Fox News | as seen on The Five, Just 'Tuesday on Cable News': Gutfeld on Carter Official Comparing Trump-Putin Summit to Kristallnacht, 9/11, http://insider.foxnews.com/2018/07/17/gutfeld-monologue-media-ripping-trump-putin-summit-helsinki, July 17, 2018
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  67. ↑ Swanson, Ian (17 July 2018). "Trump says he accepts US intel on Russia — then adds it 'could be other people also'". Retrieved 18 July 2018.
  68. ↑ NBC News [@NBCNews] (July 17, 2018). "President Trump claims he misspoke while discussing election meddling during news conference with Putin: "In a key sentence in my remarks, I said the word 'would' instead of 'wouldn't.' ... The sentence should've been: 'I don't see any reason why it wouldn't be Russia'"" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  69. ↑ Swanson, Ian (17 July 2018). "Trump says he accepts US intel on Russia — then adds it 'could be other people also'". Retrieved 20 July 2018.
  70. ↑ "A Besieged Trump Says He Misspoke on Russian Election Meddling". Retrieved 20 July 2018.
  71. ↑ Bump, Philip. "Actually, Trump has almost never blamed Russia exclusively for 2016 interference". The Washington Post. Retrieved 22 July 2018.
  72. ↑ "Countering Trump, Bipartisan Voices Strongly Affirm Findings on Russian Hacking".
  73. ↑ "From the Start, Trump Has Muddied a Clear Message: Putin Interfered".
  74. ↑ "What Intelligence Agencies Concluded About the Russian Attack on the U.S. Election". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 July 2018.
  75. ↑ Smith, David (18 July 2018). "Summit critics have Trump derangement syndrome – says Trump". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
  76. ↑ Donald J. Trump [@realDonaldTrump] (18 Jul 2018). "Some people HATE the fact that I got along well with President Putin of Russia. They would rather go to war than see this. It's called Trump Derangement Syndrome!" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  77. ↑ Reuters/CBS, The Guardian, Trump says he holds Putin responsible for US election meddling – video, July 19, 2018.
  78. ↑ Mark Landler, 'New York Times,' Trump to Invite Putin to Washington, Blindsiding His Intelligence Chief, July 19, 2018.
  79. ↑ Donald J. Trump [@realDonaldTrump] (19 Jul 2018). "The Summit with Russia was a great success, except with the real enemy of the people, the Fake News Media. I look forward to our second meeting so that we can start implementing some of the many things discussed, including stopping terrorism, security for Israel, nuclear..." (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  80. ↑ "READ: The full Trump-Putin news conference transcript". Retrieved 19 July 2018.
  81. ↑ Thomsen, Jacqueline (18 July 2018). "White House: Trump open to Russia questioning US citizens". Retrieved 18 July 2018.
  82. 1 2 Nauert, Heather (July 18, 2018). "Department Press Briefing - July 18, 2018". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved July 29, 2018.
  83. ↑ "Outrage erupts over Trump-Putin 'conversation' about letting Russia interrogate ex-U.S. diplomat Michael McFaul". The Washington Post. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
  84. ↑ Collins, Eliza (July 19, 2018). "Untitled". Twitter. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
  85. ↑ Ries, Brian; Wagner, Meg; Rocha, Veronica (July 19, 2018). "Senate votes 98-0 to reject Putin's proposal to interrogate US officials despite Trump reversal". CNN. Retrieved July 29, 2018.
  86. ↑ Abramson, Alana (July 19, 2018). "Senate Unanimously Rejects Idea of Allowing Russia to Question U.S. Diplomats". Time. Retrieved July 29, 2018.
  87. ↑ Liptak, Kevin; Cohen, Marshall (July 19, 2018). "White House now says Trump 'disagrees' with Putin suggestion to interrogate Americans". CNN.
  88. ↑ "Senate votes 98-0 to reject Putin proposal to send ex-US ambassador back to Russia". CNN. July 19, 2018. Retrieved 19 July 2018.

Further reading

  • Kimmage, Michael (July 11, 2018). "The Surprising Promise of the Trump-Putin Summit". Foreign Affairs.
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