鳩

See also: 鸠
鳩 U+9CE9, 鳩
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9CE9
← 鳨
[U+9CE8] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 鳪 →
[U+9CEA]

Translingual

Han character

鳩 (radical 196, 鳥+2, 13 strokes, cangjie input 大弓竹日火 (KNHAF), four-corner 47027, composition ⿰九鳥)

Derived characters
  • 𤄄

References
  • KangXi: page 1481, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46648
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2013, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4613, character 13
  • Unihan data for U+9CE9

Chinese
trad. 鳩
simp. 鸠
variant forms 䲥
𩾛

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 鳩
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (九) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
尻 *kʰuː
訄 *kʰuː, *kʰu, *ɡu
艽 *krɯːw, *qʰrɯːw, *ɡu, *ɡʷrɯw
虓 *qʰruː
鳩 *ku
勼 *ku
九 *kuʔ
究 *kus
仇 *ɡu
鼽 *ɡu
犰 *ɡu
叴 *ɡu
厹 *ɡu
頄 *ɡu, *ɡʷrɯw
朹 *ɡu, *kʷrɯwʔ
馗 *ɡu, *ɡʷrɯw
扏 *ɡu
訅 *ɡu
釚 *ɡu
肍 *ɡu
軌 *kʷrɯwʔ
宄 *kʷrɯwʔ
氿 *kʷrɯwʔ
匭 *kʷrɯwʔ
泦 *kuɡ
旭 *qʰʷoɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ku) : phonetic 九 (OC *kuʔ) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”).

Pronunciation
Note:
  • kau1 - common for non-vulgar senses;
  • gau1 - common for vulgar senses.
Rime
Character 鳩
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居求切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kɨu/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kiu/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kiəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kuw/
Li
Rong		 /kiu/
Wang
Li		 /kĭəu/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ki̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jiū
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 鳩
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jiū
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kjuw ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[k](r)u/
English (a kind of bird)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 鳩
Reading # 1/1
No. 6939
Phonetic
component		 九
Rime
group		 幽
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 鳩
Old
Chinese		 /*ku/

Definitions

鳩

  1. pigeon; dove (family Columbidae)
  2. (Cantonese, vulgar) Alternative form of 㞗 (gau1).

Compounds
  • 尸鳩之仁／尸鸠之仁
  • 尸鳩之平／尸鸠之平
  • 山鳩／山鸠
  • 斑頸鳩／斑颈鸠
  • 斑鳩／斑鸠 (bānjiū, “turtledove”)
  • 斑鳩跌彈／斑鸠跌弹
  • 森鳩／森鸠
  • 班鳩跌彈／班鸠跌弹
  • 雉鳩／雉鸠
  • 雎鳩／雎鸠 (jūjiū)
  • 鳩佔鵲巢／鸠占鹊巢
  • 鳩僭鵲巢／鸠僭鹊巢
  • 鳩占鵲巢／鸠占鹊巢
  • 鳩合／鸠合
  • 鳩嗚／鸠呜
  • 鳩奪鵲巢／鸠夺鹊巢
  • 鳩居／鸠居
  • 鳩居鵲巢／鸠居鹊巢
  • 鳩工／鸠工
  • 鳩工庀材／鸠工庀材
  • 鳩形鵠面／鸠形鹄面
  • 鳩拙／鸠拙
  • 鳩斂／鸠敛

Japanese

Kanji
鳩

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. pigeon, dove
  2. (in compounds) to gather together (from the way that pigeons flock together)

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology
鳩 (hato): a pigeon, a dove.
Kanji in this term
鳩
はと
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

Possibly onomatopoeia from the hatahata sound of a dove or pigeon's wings in flight.

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

鳩 (hiragana はと, katakana ハト, rōmaji hato)

  1. a pigeon, a dove: a bird of genus Columba

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts, as ハト.

Idioms
Idioms
  • 鳩 (はと)が豆鉄砲 (まめてっぽう)を食 (く)ったよう (hato ga mameteppō o kutta yō): “like a pigeon that ate a peashooter” → dumbfounded, taken by surprise

Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 鳩車 (はとぐるま) (hatoguruma): a pigeon cart: a kind of toy pigeon with wheels on it
  • 鳩小屋 (はとごや) (hatogoya): a dovecote
  • 鳩根性 (はとこんじょう) (hato konjō): “pigeon-spirited” → appearing composed while harboring resentment
  • 鳩座 (はとざ) (Hato-za): the Dove or Columba constellation
  • 鳩酒 (はとざけ) (hatozake): an old kind of medicine, wherein a pigeon would be tenderized and the bones broken, then the whole carcass would be covered in sake and miso and stewed, purportedly used to treat back pain and poor circulation in the extremities
  • 鳩染 (はとぞめ) (hatozome): “pigeon dyeing” → dyeing, or something dyed, in the colors of the turtledove or Japanese green pigeon
  • 鳩派 (はとは) (hatoha): (politics) the doves (proponents of peace; as opposed to the hawks, proponents of war)
  • 鳩羽色 (はとばいろ) (hatobairo): “pigeon-wing color” → a dark blue-gray
  • 鳩笛 (はとぶえ) (hatobue): a pigeon flute: a flute used to imitate the call of the dove
  • 鳩吹 (はとふき) (hatofuki): a dove call, a lure to imitate the call of the dove
  • 鳩吹 (はとふ)く (hatofuku): to make a dove call, such as by blowing a kind of whistle formed by one's cupped hands
  • 鳩麦 (はとむぎ) (hatomugi): “pigeon barley” → Job's tears, tear grass
  • 鳩胸 (はとむね) (hatomune): pigeon-breasted (similar to the way a pigeon's chest is puffed out); (medical) pectus carinatum

References
  1. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

鳩 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)

  1. pigeon, dove
  2. collect, assemble

Vietnamese

Han character

鳩 (cưu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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