親

See also: 亲
親 U+89AA, 親
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-89AA
← 覩
[U+89A9] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 覫 →
[U+89AB]

Translingual
Japanese 親
Simplified 亲
Traditional 親

Han character

親 (radical 147, 見+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 卜木月山山 (YDBUU), four-corner 06910, composition ⿰亲見)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 1136, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34918
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1602, character 35
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3671, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+89AA

Chinese
trad. 親
simp. 亲*

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 親
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (辛) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
親 *sʰin, *sʰins
寴 *sʰin, *sʰins
儭 *sʰins, *sʰrins
瀙 *sʰins, *ʔsrin, *sʰrins
辛 *siŋ
新 *siŋ
薪 *siŋ
襯 *sʰrins
櫬 *sʰrins
嚫 *t͡sʰrinh
莘 *sriŋ
騂 *seŋ
垶 *seŋ
觪 *seŋ

Bronze script: phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sʰin, *sʰins) : phonetic 辛 (OC *siŋ) + semantic 見 (“see”).

Seal script: phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sʰin, *sʰins) : phonetic 𣓀 + semantic 見 (“see”).

Pronunciation 1
Note:
  • chhiⁿ/chheⁿ - vernacular;
  • chhin - literary.
Rime
Character 親
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 七人切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡sʰiɪn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡sʰin/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡sʰjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡sʰin/
Li
Rong		 /t͡sʰiĕn/
Wang
Li		 /t͡sʰĭĕn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡sʰi̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 qīn
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 親
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 qīn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tshin ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[tsʰ]i[n]/
English close; parents

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 親
Reading # 1/2
No. 13804
Phonetic
component		 辛
Rime
group		 眞
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 親
Old
Chinese		 /*sʰin/
Notes 說文親（同榛）聲

Definitions

親

  1. intimate; bosom; closely acquainted; beloved; dear
  2. parent(s); father and/or mother
  3. relatives; blood or marriage relation
  4. related by blood; blood (brothers, sisters)
  5. marriage; matrimony
  6. to be close to; to become intimate with
  7. to fraternise with; to support or endorse; pro-
  8. to approach; to go near; to get in touch with
  9. to kiss; to brush one's lips against
  10. personally; in person; with one's own (body part)
  11. close person; reliable person; intimate friend
  12. accurate; true
  13. 34th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "kinship" (𝌧)
  14. (Internet, customer service) dear sir or madam
  15. Alternative form of 新 (xīn, “to renew; to replace”).
  16. A surname​.

Compounds
Derived terms from 親

Pronunciation 2
Note: Irregular, due to assimilation by the following velar k- initial of 家.
Rime
Character 親
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 七遴切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡sʰiɪnH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡sʰinH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡sʰjenH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡sʰinH/
Li
Rong		 /t͡sʰiĕnH/
Wang
Li		 /t͡sʰĭĕnH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡sʰi̯ĕnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 qìn
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 親
Reading # 2/2
No. 13806
Phonetic
component		 辛
Rime
group		 眞
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 親
Old
Chinese		 /*sʰins/

Definitions

親

  1. Only used in 親家／亲家 (qìngjia, “one's child's parents-in-law”) and related terms.

Compounds
Derived terms from 親

Japanese

Kanji
親

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. parent, elder

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology
Kanji in this term
親
おや
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Cognate with or derived from Old Japanese verb 老ゆ (oyu, “to become old”, modern 老いる oiru), from the idea of one's elders.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

親 (hiragana おや, rōmaji oya)

  1. a parent
  2. the originator or founder of a school, company, or other organization
  3. the boss or leader
  4. the larger one of several objects of the same kind
  5. (gambling) the dealer, the banker
  6. one's ancestors, one's forebears

Idioms
Derived terms
  • 親 (おや)の心 (こころ)子 (こ)知 (し)らず (oya no kokoro ko shirazu): “the child doesn't know the parent's heart” → the child doesn't know the pain they cause their parents
  • 親 (おや)の光 (ひかり)は七 (なな)光 (ひかり) (oya no hikari wa nana hikari): “a parent's bright light is seven bright lights” → a parent's social standing can be a huge influence on a person as they come into adulthood

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

親 • (chin) (hangeul 친, revised chin, McCune–Reischauer ch'in, Yale chin)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

親 (thân)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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