矣

矣	U+77E3, 矣 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77E3

← 矢
[U+77E2]

CJK Unified Ideographs

矤 →
[U+77E4]

Translingual

Han character

矣 (radical 111, 矢+2, 7 strokes, cangjie input 戈人大 (IOK), four-corner 2343₀, composition ⿱厶矢)

Derived characters

俟, 诶, 𠤘, 唉, 埃, 娭, 挨, 涘, 𡱢, 𢈟, 𢏦, 𢓪, 𢚝, 𫘤, 㶼, 㸻, 欸, 逘, 𦮸, 𫞀, 𬂼, 䀵, 竢, 𤶗, 𥏖, 𥒲, 𬭐, 𦩈, 𦩉, 𪠠, 𫆆, 誒, 𬦑, 𥏳, 𨧚, 𨴱, 騃, 𬵖

References

KangXi: page 823, character 37

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23931

Dae Jaweon: page 1235, character 23

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2580, character 4

Unihan data for U+77E3

Chinese

simp. and trad.		矣

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (矣) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
唉	qʰlɯː, qɯː, qrɯː, qrɯːʔ
埃	*qlɯː
欸	qɯː, qʰrɯːs
娭	qɯː, qʰlɯ
挨	qlɯːʔ, qrɯː, *qrɯːʔ
騃	ŋrɯːʔ, sɢrɯʔ
俟	sɢrɯʔ, ɡlɯl
竢	*sɢrɯʔ
涘	*sɢrɯʔ
誒	*qʰlɯ
矣	*ɢlɯʔ

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yǐ (yi³)

(Zhuyin): ㄧˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ji⁵
Min Nan (POJ): --ah / í / ì

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: yǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˇ
  - Wade–Giles: i³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yyi
  - IPA ^(key): /i²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ji⁵
  - Yale: yíh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ji⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: yi⁵
  - IPA ^(key): /jiː¹³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: --ah / í / ì
  - Tâi-lô: --ah / í / ì

Middle Chinese: /ɦɨ^X/▼

Rime
Character	矣
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	于紀切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɨ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦɨ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣie^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦɨ^X/
Li Rong	/ɣiə^X/
Wang Li	/ɣĭə^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/i^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǐ

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qəʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɢlɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	矣
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ hi^X ›
Old Chinese	/*qəʔ/ (atonic)
English	(final particle)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	矣
Reading #	1/1
No.	14950
Phonetic component	矣
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	矣
Old Chinese	/*ɢlɯʔ/
Notes	說文以聲，金文從丩矢或爲矢聲

Definitions

矣

(Classical Chinese or Min Nan) particle expressing completion, similar to MSM 了 (le).
- 我食飽矣 / 我食饱矣 [Min Nan] ― Góa chia̍h-pá--ah [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― I have eaten. / I am now full.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 了 (“perfective particle”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		了
Mandarin	Beijing	了
	Taiwan	了
	Malaysia	了
	Singapore	了
Cantonese	Guangzhou	咗
	Hong Kong	咗
	Taishan	敢, 啊
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	了
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	了
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	了
	Dongshi (Dabu)	了
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	了
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	矣
Min Nan	Xiamen	啦, 咯
	Quanzhou	咯
	Taipei	矣, 啦
	Penang	了
	Philippines (Manila)	咯
Wu	Shanghai	仔, 了
Wu	Wenzhou	罷, 爻

Compounds

久矣
何彼襛矣
吾道東矣／吾道东矣
大事去矣
已矣

悔之晚矣 (huǐ zhī wǎn yǐ)
方寸亂矣／方寸乱矣
早聞道，夕死可矣／早闻道，夕死可矣 (zǎo wén dào, xī sǐ kě yǐ)
朝聞道，夕死可矣／朝闻道，夕死可矣 (zhāo wén dào, xī sǐ kě yǐ)

皇矣
瞠乎後矣／瞠乎后矣
瞻彼洛矣
耳矣

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xián (xian²)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: xián
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˊ
  - Wade–Giles: hsien²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyan
  - IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/

Definitions

矣

rhinoceros

Japanese

Kanji

矣

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

sentence particle

Readings

On (unclassified): い (i)

Korean

Hanja

矣 • (ui) (hangeul 의, revised ui, McCune–Reischauer ŭi, Yale uy)

particle of completed action

Vietnamese

Han character

矣 (hỉ, hở, hỹ, hẻ, hĩ, hơi)

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