矢

See also: 失, 先, and 笶
矢 U+77E2, 矢
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77E2
← 矡
[U+77E1] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 矣 →
[U+77E3]

Translingual
Stroke order

Han character

矢 (radical 111, 矢+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 人大 (OK), four-corner 80430, composition ⿱𠂉大 or ⿰丿天)

  1. Kangxi radical #111, ⽮.

Derived characters
  • Index:Chinese radical/矢

See also

References
  • KangXi: page 823, character 34
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23929
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1235, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2580, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+77E2

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 矢

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 矢
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (矢) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
彘 *l'eds
璏 *l'eds, *ɢʷleds, *ɢʷled
薙 *l̥ʰiːs, *ljiʔ, *l'iʔ
知 *ʔl'e
蜘 *te
智 *ʔl'es
鼅 *te
潪 *teɡs, *deɡ
踟 *de
雉 *l'iʔ
矢 *hliʔ
痴 *l̥ʰɯ

Pictogram (象形) - pictographic representation of an arrow. More recognizable in older forms.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d/s-ləy (“slingshot, bow (weapon)”) (STEDT). See here for cognates.

矢 (OC *hliʔ) shifted its meaning from the weapon to the projectile by means of metonymy.

Pronunciation
Rime
Character 矢
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 脂 (17)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) Chongniu III
Fanqie 式視切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɕˠiɪX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɕᵚiX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɕiɪX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɕjiX/
Li
Rong		 /ɕjiX/
Wang
Li		 /ɕiX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɕiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shǐ
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 矢
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shǐ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ syijX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*l̥i[j]ʔ/
English arrow

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 矢
Reading # 1/1
No. 11504
Phonetic
component		 矢
Rime
group		 脂
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 矢
Old
Chinese		 /*hliʔ/

Definitions

矢

  1. (archery, weaponry) arrow
  2. to vow; to swear
  3. Alternative form of 屎 (shǐ).

Synonyms
  • (arrow): 箭 (jiàn)

Compounds
  • 一矢之地
  • 兵盡矢窮／兵尽矢穷
  • 嚆矢
  • 弓折矢盡／弓折矢尽
  • 弓矢 (gōngshǐ)
  • 張弓挾矢／张弓挟矢
  • 拉矢
  • 攢矢／攒矢
  • 有的放矢 (yǒudìfàngshǐ)
  • 栝矢亞／栝矢亚
  • 桃弧棘矢
  • 桑弧蓬矢
  • 楛矢
  • 永矢弗諼
  • 流矢
  • 無的放矢／无的放矢 (wúdìfàngshǐ)
  • 狗矢
  • 發矢／发矢
  • 眾矢之的／众矢之的
  • 矢下如雨
  • 矢不虛發／矢不虚发
  • 矢人
  • 矢勤矢勇
  • 矢口 (shǐkǒu)
  • 矢口否認／矢口否认
  • 矢在弦上
  • 矢志 (shǐzhì)
  • 矢棋
  • 矢無虛發／矢无虚发
  • 矢盡兵窮／矢尽兵穷
  • 矢石 (shǐshí)
  • 矢石之間／矢石之间
  • 矢石之難／矢石之难
  • 矢石如雨 (shǐshí rúyǔ)
  • 矢言
  • 矢車菊／矢车菊 (shǐchējú)
  • 矢量 (shǐliàng)
  • 身當矢石／身当矢石
  • 躬蹈矢石
  • 鍛矢／锻矢
  • 集矢
  • 飛矢／飞矢

Japanese

Kanji
矢

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. arrow

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Usage notes

Used in the Nihon Shoki (720 CE) as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨si⟩.

Alternative forms
Kanji in this term
矢
や
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Etymology 1

From Old Japanese. Found in the Kojiki of 712 CE, and in the Man'yōshū completed some time after 759 CE.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

矢 (hiragana や, rōmaji ya)

  1. (archery, weaponry) an arrow
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 3, poem 364), text here
      大夫 (ますらを)之 (の)弓 (ゆ)上 (ずゑ)振 (ふり)起 (おこし)射 (い)都 (つ)流 (る)矢 (や)乎 (を)後 (のち)将 (み)見 (む)人 (ひと)者 (は)語 (かたり)継 (つぐ)金 (がね) [Man'yōgana]
      ますらをの弓 (ゆ)末 (ずゑ)振 (ふ)り起 (おこ)し射 (い)つる矢 (や)を後 (のち)見 (み)む人 (ひと)は語 (かた)り継 (つ)ぐがね [Modern spelling]
      masurao no yuzue furiokoshi itsuru ya o nochi mimu hito wa kataritsugu gane
      (please add an English translation of this example)
    光 (こう)陰 (いん)矢 (や)の如 (ごと)し。
    Kōin ya no gotoshi.
    Shine and shadow, just like an arrow. → Time flies like an arrow.
  2. a wedge used to break hard objects such as wood or stone
  3. a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with various designs of arrows
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 矢 (や)面 (おもて), 矢 (や)表 (おもて) (yaomote)
  • 矢 (や)傷 (きず), 矢 (や)疵 (きず) (yakizu)
  • 矢 (や)倉 (ぐら) (yagura)
  • 矢 (や)印 (じるし) (yajirushi)
  • 矢 (や)継 (つぎ), 矢 (や)継 (つ)ぎ (yatsugi)
  • 矢 (や)壺 (つぼ), 矢 (や)坪 (つぼ) (yatsubo)
  • 矢 (や)所 (どころ) (yadokoro)
  • 流鏑馬 (やぶさめ) (yabusame)
  • 乙 (おと)矢 (や) (otoya)
  • 落 (お)とし矢 (や), 落 (おと)し矢 (や) (otoshiya)
  • 差 (さし)矢 (や), 差 (さ)し矢 (や) (sashiya)
  • 猟 (さつ)矢 (や), 幸 (さつ)矢 (や) (satsuya)
  • 猟 (しし)矢 (や), 鹿 (しし)矢 (や) (shishiya)
  • 素 (す)矢 (や), 徒 (す)矢 (や) (suya)
  • 征 (そ)矢 (や) (soya)
  • 止 (とめ)矢 (や), 止 (と)め矢 (や) (tomeya)
  • 甲 (は)矢 (や), 兄 (は)矢 (や), 早 (は)矢 (や) (haya)
  • 弓 (ゆみ)矢 (や) (yumiya, “bow and arrow”)
Coordinate terms

Proper noun

矢 (hiragana や, rōmaji Ya)

  1. a place name

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
矢
さ
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[3]

Possibly cognate with Old Japanese-derived 幸 (sachi, “a hunting implement”) and Korean 살 (sal, “arrow”).

This reading does not appear to be used in modern Japanese.

Pronunciation

Noun

矢 (hiragana さ, rōmaji sa)

  1. (obsolete) an arrow
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 20, poem 4430), text here
      阿 (あ)良 (ら)之 (し)乎 (を)乃 (の)伊 (い)乎 (を)佐 (さ)太 (た)波 (は)佐 (さ)美 (み)牟 (む)可 (か)比 (ひ)多 (た)知 (ち)可 (か)奈 (な)流 (る)麻 (ま)之 (し)都 (づ)美 (み)伊 (い)埿 (で)弖 (て)登 (と)阿 (あ)我 (が)久 (く)流 (る) [Man'yōgana]
      荒 (あら)し男 (を)のいをさ手 (た)挟 (はさ)み向 (むか)ひ立 (た)ちかなるましづみ出 (い)でてと我 (あ)が来 (く)る [Modern spelling]
      arasi-wo no iwo-sa tapasami mukapi-tati kanaruma sidumi idete to a ga kuru
      (please add an English translation of this example)
Derived terms

References
  1. c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 3, poem 262), text here
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 20, poem 4430), text here: the 佐 (sa) in man'yōgana in the original is interpreted by Daijisen as this 矢 (sa).

Korean

Hanja

矢 • (si)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): 시 (McCune–Reischauer: si, Yale: si)
    • Name (hangeul): 화살
  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

矢 (thỉ, tẻ, thẻ, yêu, tử, tủ, tú, siệu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References
  • Nom Foundation
  • Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
  • Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
  • Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
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