欠

欠	U+6B20, 欠 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B20

← 欟
[U+6B1F]

CJK Unified Ideographs

次 →
[U+6B21]

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han character

欠 (radical 76, 欠+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 弓人 (NO), four-corner 2780₂, composition ⿱⺈人)

Kangxi radical #76, ⽋.

Derived characters

Index:Chinese radical/欠
吹飲 (飮, 饮)

References

KangXi: page 565, character 1

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15991

Dae Jaweon: page 953, character 35

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2133, character 1

Unihan data for U+6B20

Chinese

simp. and trad.		欠

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 欠
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (欠) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
坎	kʰoːmʔ, kʰoːms
扻	*kʰoːmʔ
砍	*kʰoːmʔ
芡	*ɡromʔ
欠	*kʰoms
杴	*qʰom
鍁	*qʰam

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qiàn (qian⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): him³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khiam
Min Bei (KCR): ki̿ng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): khiàm

(Teochew, Peng'im): kiam³ / kiêm³
Wu (Wiktionary): qi (T2)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: qiàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˋ
  - Wade–Giles: ch'ien⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiann
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ciàn
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰjɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: him³
  - Yale: him
  - Cantonese Pinyin: him³
  - Guangdong Romanization: him³
  - IPA ^(key): /hiːm³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiam
  - Hakka Romanization System: kiam
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kiam⁴
  - IPA: /kʰi̯am⁵⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ki̿ng
  - IPA ^(key): /kʰiŋ³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiàm
  - Tâi-lô: khiàm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qiaxm
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰiam²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiam⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiam²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰiam¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiam²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kiam³ / kiêm³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiàm / khièm
  - IPA ^(key): /kʰiam²¹³/, /kʰiem²¹³/

Note:

kiam3 - Shantou;
kiêm3 - Chaozhou.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: qi (T2)
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi³⁴/

Middle Chinese: /kʰɨɐm^H/▼

Rime
Character	欠
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	嚴 (145)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	去劔切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɨɐm^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰiɐm^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiɐm^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰɨam^H/
Li Rong	/kʰiɐm^H/
Wang Li	/kʰĭɐm^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰi̯ɐm^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiàn

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʰ(r)om-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰoms/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	欠
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qiàn
Middle Chinese	‹ khjom^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ʰ(r)om-s/
English	yawn
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	欠
Reading #	1/1
No.	10274
Phonetic component	欠
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*kʰoms/
Notes	原列梵韻依王韻改釅

Definitions

欠

to yawn
to lack; to be deficient
to owe
(Wuhan) to miss somebody

Compounds

七拖八欠
下欠
兩不相欠／两不相欠
只欠東風／只欠东风
呵欠 (hēqiàn)
呵欠連天／呵欠连天
哈欠 (hāqiàn)
嘴欠 (zuǐqiàn)
外欠
官欠
尾欠
懸欠／悬欠
手欠 (shǒuqiàn)
打呵欠 (dǎhēqiàn)
打哈欠 (dǎ hāqian)
拖欠 (tuōqiàn)
掛欠／挂欠
撇欠

欠事
欠伸 (qiànshēn)
欠佳
欠債／欠债 (qiànzhài)
欠債還錢／欠债还钱
欠契
欠好
欠妥
欠安 (qiàn'ān)
欠少
欠情
欠揍 (qiànzòu)
欠據／欠据 (qiànjù)
欠收
欠格 (qiàngé, “abessive case”)
欠條／欠条 (qiàntiáo)
欠款 (qiànkuǎn)
欠火

欠當／欠当
欠租
欠稅／欠税
欠繳／欠缴
欠缺 (qiànquē)
欠薪
欠資／欠资
欠資郵票／欠资邮票
欠身 (qiànshēn)
短欠
積欠／积欠
索欠
缺欠 (quēqiàn)
落虧欠／落亏欠
虧欠／亏欠 (kuīqiàn)
賒欠／赊欠 (shēqiàn)
風欠／风欠

Japanese

Shinjitai	欠
Kyūjitai	缺

Kanji

欠

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 缺)

lack, shortage
to be absent
vacancy

Usage notes

In modern Japanese, 欠 (けん) (ken) is used to spell words that etymologically feature 缺 (けつ) (ketsu), for example 欠席 (けっせき) (kesseki) < 缺席 (けっせき) (kesseki). The kanji reading of 欠 (けん) (ken) is uncommon and its most notable usage is in the word 欠缺 (けんけつ) (kenketsu), which features both kanji.

Readings

Go-on: こん (kon)
Kan-on: けん (ken)
Kan’yō-on: けち (kechi); けつ (ketsu, Jōyō)
Kun: かく (kaku, 欠く, Jōyō); かける (kakeru, 欠ける, Jōyō); あくび (akubi, 欠)

Compounds

欠席 (けっせき) (kesseki)
欠席裁判 (けっせきさいばん) (kesseki saiban)
欠損 (けっそん) (kesson)
欠番 (けつばん) (ketsuban)
欠乏 (けつぼう) (ketsubō), 欠乏 (けつぼく) (ketsuboku)
欠缺 (けんけつ) (kenketsu, “lack”)

Korean

Hanja

欠 • (heum, gam) (hangeul 흠, 감, revised heum, gam, McCune–Reischauer hŭm, kam, Yale hum, kam), another original reading: 검 (geom)

하품 (hapum) yawn
흉 (hyung) defect, deficiency
빚 (bij, bit) debt, delinquency

Compounds

흠결 (欠缺, heumgyeol, “deficiency, lack”)
흠신 (欠伸, heumsin, “yawn and stretch”)

Vietnamese

Han character

欠 (khiếm)

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