樑上君子

See also: 梁上君子

Chinese

		beam of roof	up; on; on top up; on; on top; upon; first; previous or last; upper; higher; above; previous; to climb; to go into; to go up	junzi; man of virtue; high-minded person junzi; man of virtue; high-minded person; noble person; superior person
trad. (樑上君子/梁上君子)		樑/梁	上	君子
simp. (梁上君子)		梁	上	君子
Literally: “gentleman on the roof beam”.

Etymology

From a story in the Book of the Later Han.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): liángshàngjūnzǐ

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄤˊ ㄕㄤˋ ㄐㄩㄣㄗˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): loeng⁴ soeng⁶ gwan¹ zi²
Min Nan (POJ): liông-siōng-kun-chú / liông-siāng-kun-chú

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: liángshàngjūnzǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄤˊ ㄕㄤˋ ㄐㄩㄣㄗˇ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liangshanqjiuntzyy
  - IPA ^(key): /li̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: loeng⁴ soeng⁶ gwan¹ zi²
  - Yale: lèuhng seuhng gwān jí
  - Cantonese Pinyin: loeng⁴ soeng⁶ gwan¹ dzi²
  - Guangdong Romanization: lêng⁴ sêng⁶ guen¹ ji²
  - IPA ^(key): /lœːŋ²¹ sœːŋ²² kʷɐn⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liông-siōng-kun-chú
  - Tâi-lô: liông-siōng-kun-tsú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liongsioxngkunzuo
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɔŋ²³⁻³³ ɕiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ɕiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ kun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ɕiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ kun⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liông-siāng-kun-chú
  - Tâi-lô: liông-siāng-kun-tsú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liongsiaxngkunzuo
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɔŋ²³⁻³³ ɕiaŋ³³⁻²¹ kun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: /lɨɐŋ d͡ʑɨɐŋ^H kɨun t͡sɨ^X/▼

Rime
Character	樑	上	君	子
Reading #	1/1	2/2	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	常 (25)	見 (28)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)	陽 (105)	文 (59)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III	III
Fanqie	呂章切	時亮切	舉云切	即里切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨɐŋ/	/d͡ʑɨɐŋ^H/	/kɨun/	/t͡sɨ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/liɐŋ/	/d͡ʑiɐŋ^H/	/kiun/	/t͡sɨ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/liɑŋ/	/d͡ʑiɑŋ^H/	/kiuən/	/t͡sie^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɨaŋ/	/d͡ʑɨaŋ^H/	/kun/	/t͡sɨ^X/
Li Rong	/liaŋ/	/ʑiaŋ^H/	/kiuən/	/t͡siə^X/
Wang Li	/lĭaŋ/	/ʑĭaŋ^H/	/kĭuən/	/t͡sĭə^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯aŋ/	/ʑi̯aŋ^H/	/ki̯uən/	/t͡si^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	liáng	shàng	jūn	zǐ

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*raŋ daŋʔ-s C.qur tsəʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*raŋ djaŋs klun ʔslɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	樑	上	君	子
Reading #	1/1	3/3	1/1	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	liáng	shàng	jūn	zǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ ljang ›	‹ dzyang^H ›	‹ kjun ›	‹ tsi^X ›
Old Chinese	/*raŋ/	/*daŋʔ-s/	/*C.qur/	/*tsəʔ/
English	beam; bridge	top, above (n.)	lord; ruler	child; gentleman, master
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	樑	上	君	子
Reading #	1/1	2/2	1/1	1/1
No.	1648	11103	7289	17857
Phonetic component	刅	上	君	子
Rime group	陽	陽	文	之
Rime subdivision	0	0	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	良	尚	君	子
Old Chinese	/*raŋ/	/*djaŋs/	/*klun/	/*ʔslɯʔ/

Idiom

樑上君子

(humorous) burglar; thief

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