朋友

Chinese

		friend	friend
simp. and trad. (朋友)		朋	友

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): péngyou, péngyǒu

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄥˊ ˙ㄧㄡ, ㄆㄥˊ ㄧㄡˇ

(Chengdu, SP): pong² yu³
Cantonese (Jyutping): pang⁴ jau⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): pung² iu
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phèn-yû
Jin (Wiktionary): peng¹ iou²
Min Dong (BUC): bèng-īu
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): pêng-iú / pn̂g-iú

(Teochew, Peng'im): pêng⁵ iu²
Wu (Wiktionary): ban hhieu (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
  - Pinyin: péngyou
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄥˊ ˙ㄧㄡ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: perng.iou
  - Tongyong Pinyin: péngyo̊u
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɤŋ³⁵ joʊ̯³/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
  - Pinyin: péngyǒu
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄥˊ ㄧㄡˇ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: perngyeou
  - Tongyong Pinyin: péngyǒu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɤŋ³⁵ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: pong² yu³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: pungj
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰoŋ²¹ y⁵³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: pang⁴ jau⁵
  - Yale: pàhng yáuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: pang⁴ jau⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: peng⁴ yeo⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɐŋ²¹ jɐu̯¹³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: pung² iu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰuŋ²⁴ iu²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phèn-yû
  - Hakka Romanization System: penˇ iu´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: pen² yiu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰen¹¹ i̯u²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phèn-yû
  - Hakka Romanization System: penˇ (r)iu´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: pen² yiu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰen¹¹ (j)i̯u²⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: peng¹ iou²
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /pʰxə̃ŋ¹¹ iəu⁵³/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: bèng-īu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɛiŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^(Ø-)ŋieu³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pêng-iú
  - Tâi-lô: pîng-iú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: peng'iuo
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /piɪŋ¹³⁻²² iu⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /piɪŋ²³⁻³³ iu⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² iu⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ iu⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² iu⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pn̂g-iú
  - Tâi-lô: pn̂g-iú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: png'iuo
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pŋ̍²⁴⁻²² iu⁵⁵⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: pêng⁵ iu²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phêng iú
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰeŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ iu⁵²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ban hhieu (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /b̻ã²² ɦiɜ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: /bəŋ ɦɨu^X/▼

Rime
Character	朋	友
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	登 (129)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	步崩切	云久切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bəŋ/	/ɦɨu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/bəŋ/	/ɦiu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/bəŋ/	/ɣiəu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bəŋ/	/ɦuw^X/
Li Rong	/bəŋ/	/ɣiu^X/
Wang Li	/bəŋ/	/ɣĭəu^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱəŋ/	/i̯ə̯u^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	péng	yǒu

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ˤəŋ [ɢ]ʷəʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*bɯːŋ ɢʷɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	朋	友
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	péng	yǒu
Middle Chinese	‹ bong ›	‹ hjuw^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]ˁəŋ/	/*[ɢ]ʷəʔ/
English	set of cowries; friend	friend
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	朋	友
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	9663	15596
Phonetic component	朋	又
Rime group	蒸	之
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	朋	有
Old Chinese	/*bɯːŋ/	/*ɢʷɯʔ/

Noun

朋友

friend (Classifier: 個／个; 位)
童年的朋友 ― tóngnián de péngyǒu ― childhood friend

結交新朋友 / 结交新朋友 ― jiéjiāo xīn péngyǒu ― to make new friends
- 他不知道朋友的家在哪裡。 [MSC, trad.]
  他不知道朋友的家在哪里。 [MSC, simp.]
  Tā bù zhīdào péngyǒu de jiā zài nǎlǐ. [Pinyin]
  He doesn't know where his friend's house is.
- 呢個係我個朋友。 [Guangzhou Cantonese, trad.]
  呢个系我个朋友。 [Guangzhou Cantonese, simp.]
  Nei¹ go³ hai⁶ ngo⁵ go³ pang⁴ jau⁵. [Jyutping]
  This is my friend.
- 伊毋知朋友的厝佇佗位。 [Min Nan, trad.]
  伊毋知朋友的厝伫佗位。 [Min Nan, simp.]
  I m̄-chai pêng-iú ê chhù tī tó-ūi. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  He doesn't know where his friend's house is.
- 伊唔知朋友個內在底塊。 [Teochew, trad.]
  伊唔知朋友个内在底块。 [Teochew, simp.]
  I¹ m⁶ zai¹ pêng⁵ iu² gai⁵ lai⁶ do⁶ di⁷ go³. [Peng'im]
  He doesn't know where his friend's house is.
- 你的近況斷續從朋友口中傳到我耳畔。 [MSC, trad.]
  你的近况断续从朋友口中传到我耳畔。 [MSC, simp.]
  Nǐ de jìnkuàng duànxù cóng péngyǒu kǒu zhōng chuán dào wǒ ěrpàn. [Pinyin]
  Your news intermittently came to my ears through friends' words.
- 我跟她真的只是普通朋友。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
  Wǒ gēn tā zhēnde zhǐshì pǔtōng péngyǒu. [Pinyin]
  She and I are really just friends.
(euphemistic) boyfriend or girlfriend; partner

Synonyms

(friend): (slang) 捧由 (pěngyóu), (slang) 捧油 (pěngyóu), (neologism, Internet, slang, humorous, cute-sounding) 盆友 (pényǒu), (Min Nan) 友的, (Min Nan, Hokkien, dated) 交丸, (literary) 交遊／交游 (jiāoyóu)

Antonyms

(friend): 仇敵／仇敌 (chóudí, “enemy”), 敵人／敌人 (dírén, “enemy”)

Hyponyms

(friend): 好友 (hǎoyǒu, “good friend”), 老友 (lǎoyǒu, “old friend”)

Derived terms

Derived terms from 朋友

三朋四友
交朋友 (jiāo péngyou)
假朋友 (jiǎpéngyou)
做朋友 (zuò péngyou)
在家靠父母，出外靠朋友 (zàijiā kào fùmǔ, chūwài kào péngyou)
夠朋友／够朋友 (gòu péngyou)
女朋友 (nǚpéngyou)
好朋友 (hǎopéngyou)
小朋友 (xiǎopéngyou)
朋友們／朋友们 (péngyoumen)
朋友區間／朋友区间 (péngyou qūjiān)

朋友圈 (péngyouquān)
朋友妻，不可欺
朋友有舊／朋友有旧
朋友有通財之義／朋友有通财之义
狐朋狗友 (húpénggǒuyǒu)
男朋友 (nánpéngyou)
老朋友 (lǎopéngyou)
親戚朋友／亲戚朋友
談朋友／谈朋友
軋朋友／轧朋友 (gá péngyou)
酒肉朋友 (jiǔròu-péngyou)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): péngyǒu

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄥˊ ㄧㄡˇ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: péngyǒu
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄥˊ ㄧㄡˇ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: perngyeou
  - Tongyong Pinyin: péngyǒu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɤŋ³⁵ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Noun

朋友

(archaic) large number of retainers
(archaic, Ming dynasty) designation given by government bureaucrats to Confucian students

Synonyms

(large number of retainers): (archaic) 群臣 (qúnchén)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (朋友):

→ Japanese: 朋友 (ほうゆう) (hōyū)
→ Korean: 붕우 (朋友, bung-u)
→ Vietnamese: bằng hữu (朋友)

Others:

→ Hmong (Leng/Der): fim ywg
→ White Hmong: phooj ywg
→ Zhuang: baengzyoux

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
朋	友
ほう Jinmeiyō	ゆう Grade: 2
on’yomi

/hoː iu/ → /hoːjiu/ → /hoːjuː/

From Middle Chinese compound 朋友 (MC bəŋ ɦɨu^X).

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Kan’on
- (Tokyo) ほーゆう [hòóyúú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
- IPA^(key): [ho̞ːjɯ̟ᵝː]

Noun

朋友 (hiragana ほうゆう, rōmaji hōyū, historical hiragana ほういう)
(alternative reading hiragana ぼうゆう, romaji bōyū, historical hiragana ぼういう)

(uncommon) a friend
Synonyms: 友達 (tomodachi), 仲間 (nakama), 友人 (yūjin) (more common)

Antonym: 仇敵 (kyūteki)

Derived terms

知 (ち)己 (き)朋友 (ほうゆう) (chiki hōyū, “acquaintance”)

Proverbs

善 (ぜん)を責 (せ)むるは朋友 (ほうゆう)の道 (みち)なり (zen o semuru wa hōyū no michi nari)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
朋	友
ぽん Jinmeiyō	ゆう Grade: 2
Irregular

Borrowing from Mandarin 朋友 (péngyǒu).[1][2]

Pronunciation

(Irregular reading)
- (Tokyo) ポンユー [pòń'yúú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
- IPA^(key): [põ̞ɰ̃jɯ̟ᵝː]

Noun

朋友 (katakana ポンユー, rōmaji pon'yū)

(rare) a friend

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
朋	友

Noun

朋友

Hán tự form of bằng hữu (“friend”).

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[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJS-2] 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

朋友

Chinese

Pronunciation 1

Noun

Synonyms

Antonyms

Hyponyms

Derived terms

See also

Further reading

Pronunciation 2

Noun

Synonyms

Descendants

Japanese

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Proverbs

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

References

Vietnamese

Noun