惜

惜	U+60DC, 惜 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-60DC

← 惛
[U+60DB]

CJK Unified Ideographs

惝 →
[U+60DD]

Translingual

Han character

惜 (radical 61, 心+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 心廿日 (PTA), four-corner 9406₁, composition ⿰忄昔)

References

KangXi: page 391, character 11

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10814

Dae Jaweon: page 725, character 23

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2313, character 9

Unihan data for U+60DC

Chinese

simp. and trad.		惜
variant forms		錫／锡 (sek3) Cantonese 𡃶 (sek3) Cantonese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (昔) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
借	ʔsjaːɡs, ʔsjaːɡ
唶	*ʔsjaːɡs
藉	zjaːɡs, zjaːɡ
躤	*zjaːɡs
蜡	zraːɡs, sʰaːɡs
齰	zraːɡs, zraːɡ
醋	*sʰaːɡs
錯	sʰaːɡs, sʰaːɡ
措	*sʰaːɡs
厝	sʰaːɡs, sʰaːɡ
逪	*sʰaːɡ
剒	*sʰaːɡ
鵲	*sʰaɡ
碏	*sʰaɡ
踖	sʰaɡ, ʔsjaːɡ, *zjaːɡ
趞	*sʰaɡ
皵	sʰaɡ, sʰjaːɡ
舄	sʰjaːɡ, sʰaɡ, sjaːɡ, sjaːɡ
斮	ʔsraɡ, ʔsraːɡ
簎	zraːwɢ, sʰraːɡ, *zjaːɡ
諎	*ʔsraːɡ
矠	sʰreːɡ, zreːɡ
庴	ʔsjaːɡ, zjaːɡ
籍	*zjaːɡ
耤	*zjaːɡ
猎	*zjaːɡ
昔	*sjaːɡ
惜	*sjaːɡ
腊	*sjaːɡ
焟	*sjaːɡ
棤	*sjaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sjaːɡ) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 昔 (OC *sjaːɡ) – a feeling (of the heart).

Note that 昔 has meaning of “past, ending”, hence connotations of “feelings for the past, feeling about an ending – regret, rue”.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xī, xí

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧ, ㄒㄧˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sik¹, sek³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): siak / sit

(Meixian, Guangdong): xiag⁵ / xid⁵
Min Dong (BUC): sék
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): sioh / sek / siak

(Teochew, Peng'im): sioh⁴ / siêh⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Pinyin: xī
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ
  - Wade–Giles: hsih¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shi
  - IPA ^(key): /ɕi⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Pinyin: xí
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˊ
  - Wade–Giles: hsih²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyi
  - IPA ^(key): /ɕi³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: sik¹, sek³
  - Yale: sīk, sek
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sik⁷, sek⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: xig¹, ség³
  - IPA ^(key): /sɪk̚⁵/, /sɛːk̚³/

Note:

sik1 - literary;
sek3 - vernacular.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siak / sit
  - Hakka Romanization System: xiag` / xid`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: xiag⁵ / xid⁵
  - IPA: /ɕi̯ak̚²/, /ɕit̚²/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: xiag⁵ / xid⁵
  - IPA: /ɕiak̚¹/, /ɕit̚¹/

Note:

Sixian:
- siak - vernacular;
- sit - literary.
Meixian:
- xiag5 - vernacular;
- xid5 - literary.

Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sék
  - IPA ^(key): /sɛiʔ²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sioh
  - Tâi-lô: sioh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sioiq
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕiɤʔ³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕioʔ⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /ɕioʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sek
  - Tâi-lô: sik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: seg
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɕiɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siak
  - Tâi-lô: siak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕiak̚⁵/

Note:

sioh - vernacular;
sek/siak - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sioh⁴ / siêh⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sioh / sieh
  - IPA ^(key): /sioʔ²/, /sieʔ²/

Note:

sioh4 - Shantou;
siêh4 - Chaozhou.

Middle Chinese: /siᴇk̚/▼

Rime
Character	惜
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	昔 (123)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	思積切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/siᴇk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/siɛk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/siæk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/siajk̚/
Li Rong	/siɛk̚/
Wang Li	/sĭɛk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/si̯ɛk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xi

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]Ak/

(Zhengzhang): /*sjaːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	惜
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xī
Middle Chinese	‹ sjek ›
Old Chinese	/*[s]Ak/
English	regret; alas
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	惜
Reading #	1/1
No.	13310
Phonetic component	昔
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	昔
Old Chinese	/*sjaːɡ/

Definitions

惜

pity; regret
to cherish; to value greatly
to love dearly
to grieve
to rue; to begrudge
(Cantonese) to kiss
- 門牙和紅唇做美夢，每次你輕輕的親我（錫啖先哪） [Cantonese, trad.]
  门牙和红唇做美梦，每次你轻轻的亲我（锡啖先哪） [Cantonese, simp.]
  From: 林姍姍, 連鎖反應
  mun⁴ ngaa⁴ wo⁴ hung⁴ seon⁴ zou⁶ mei⁵ mung⁶, mui⁵ ci³ nei⁵ hing¹ hing¹ dik¹ can¹ ngo⁵ (sek³ daam⁶ sin¹ naa⁵) [Jyutping]
  (please add an English translation of this example)
(Cantonese) to cherish; to adore
- 錫嗮你　你乖乖地我實行錫嗮你 [Cantonese, trad.]
  锡嗮你　你乖乖地我实行锡嗮你 [Cantonese, simp.]
  From: 許冠傑 (Samuel Hui), 錫嗮你
  sek³ saai³ nei⁵; nei⁵ gwaai¹ gwaai¹ dei⁶ ngo⁵ sat⁶ haang⁴ sek³ saai³ nei⁵ [Jyutping]
  (please add an English translation of this example)

Compounds

不惜 (bùxī)
可惜 (kěxī)
吝惜 (lìnxī)
在所不惜 (zàisuǒbùxī)
寶惜／宝惜
悵惜／怅惜
惋惜 (wǎnxī)
惜分陰／惜分阴
惜別／惜别 (xībié)
惜別會／惜别会
惜力 (xīlì)
惜售
惜墨如金
惜墨法
惜字
惜孤念寡

惜恐
惜指失掌
惜玉
惜玉憐香／惜玉怜香
惜福
惜老憐貧／惜老怜贫
惜身
惜陰／惜阴
惜香憐玉／惜香怜玉
惺惺相惜 (xīngxīngxiāngxī)
愛惜／爱惜 (àixī)
愛惜羽毛／爱惜羽毛
愛日惜力／爱日惜力
憐孤惜寡／怜孤惜寡
憐惜／怜惜 (liánxī)

憐貧惜老／怜贫惜老
憐香惜玉／怜香惜玉 (liánxiāngxīyù)
拍惜
棄之可惜／弃之可惜
歎惜／叹惜
死不足惜
珍惜 (zhēnxī)
疼惜 (téngxī)
痛惜 (tòngxī)
矜惜
自惜羽毛
軫惜／轸惜
閔惜／闵惜
顧惜／顾惜
體惜／体惜

References

“Entry #7255”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Japanese

Kanji

惜

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

pity

Readings

Go-on: しゃく (shaku)
Kan-on: せき (seki, Jōyō)
Kun: おしい (oshii, 惜しい, Jōyō); おしむ (oshimu, 惜しむ, Jōyō)

Korean

Hanja

惜 • (seok) (hangeul 석, revised seok, McCune–Reischauer sŏk, Yale sek)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

惜 (tiếc, tích)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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