吉

See also: 𠮷, 喆, 吿, 告, 古, 舌, and 舎
吉 U+5409, 吉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5409
← 合
[U+5408] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 吊 →
[U+540A]

Translingual
Stroke order

Han character

吉 (radical 30, 口+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 土口 (GR), four-corner 40601, composition ⿱士口)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 175, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3289
  • Dae Jaweon: page 389, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 576, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+5409

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 吉
variant forms 𠮷

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 吉
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (吉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
秸 *kriːl, *kriːd
髻 *kiːds
夡 *kʰids
鴶 *kriːd
袺 *kriːd, *kiːd
頡 *kriːd, *ɡiːd
劼 *kʰriːd
硈 *kʰriːd
咭 *kʰriːd, *ɡlid, *qʰlid
黠 *ɡriːd
聐 *ŋreːd
趌 *ked, *klid, *kʰid, *ɡrid
結 *kiːd
拮 *kiːd, *klid
桔 *kiːd
狤 *kiːd, *klid, *ɡrid
擷 *qʰiːd, *ɡiːd
襭 *ɡiːd
翓 *ɡiːd
纈 *ɡiːd
吉 *klid
郆 *kid
詰 *kʰid
蛣 *kʰid
佶 *ɡlid, *ɡrid
鮚 *ɡrid
姞 *ɡrid
欯 *qʰlid
恄 *qʰlid

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-kjit (“happy; pleased”).

Cantonese sense of “empty” arises from avoidance of 空 (hung1), which is homophonous to 凶 (hung1, “inauspicious”).

Pronunciation
Note:
  • Xiamen:
    • kiat - vernacular;
    • kit - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 吉
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕi³⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
/t͡ɕi²⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕi⁴⁵/
Jinan /t͡ɕi²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕi²¹/
Xining /t͡ɕji⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕi⁵³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕi¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕi²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕi²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡ɕie³¹/
/t͡ɕi³¹/
Guiyang /t͡ɕi²¹/
Kunming /t͡ɕi³¹/
Nanjing /t͡ɕiʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕiəʔ²/
Pingyao /t͡ɕiʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕiəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵/
Suzhou /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕiʔ²¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕi⁵/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕiʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /kit̚¹/
Taoyuan /kit̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kɐt̚⁵/
Nanning /kɐt̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kɐt̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kit̚³²/
/kiat̚³²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kɛiʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ki²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kik̚²/
Haikou (Min Nan) /kit̚⁵/
Rime
Character 吉
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 質 (48)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居質切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kiɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kit̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kjet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kit̚/
Li
Rong		 /kiĕt̚/
Wang
Li		 /kĭĕt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ki̯ĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 ji
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 吉
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jí
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kjit ›
Old
Chinese		 /*C.qi[t]/ (*C.q- > *k-, escaping palatalization)
English auspicious

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 吉
Reading # 1/1
No. 5692
Phonetic
component		 吉
Rime
group		 質
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 吉
Old
Chinese		 /*klid/
Notes 甲文象供品在口表神佑吉利

Definitions

吉

  1. auspicious; lucky
  2. good
  3. (Cantonese, euphemistic) empty
  4. Short for 吉林 (Jílín, “Jilin Province”).
  5. A surname​.

Compounds
Derived terms from 吉

Japanese

Kanji
吉

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings
Kanji in this term
吉
きち
Grade: S
on’yomi
Kanji in this term
吉
きつ
Grade: S
on’yomi

Noun

吉 (hiragana きち, rōmaji kichi, alternative reading きつ, rōmaji kitsu)

  1. good luck

Korean

Hanja

吉 • (gil) (hangeul 길, revised gil, McCune–Reischauer kil, Yale kil)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

吉 (cát, kiết)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References
  • Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
  • Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
  • Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville
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