供

供	U+4F9B, 供 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F9B

← 侚
[U+4F9A]

CJK Unified Ideographs

侜 →
[U+4F9C]

Translingual

Han character

供 (radical 9, 人+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人廿金 (OTC), four-corner 2428₁, composition ⿰亻共)

Derived characters

䣏, 𥯏, 𧨻

Descendants

𛀮

References

KangXi: page 102, character 16

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 605

Dae Jaweon: page 216, character 14

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 144, character 4

Unihan data for U+4F9B

Chinese

simp. and trad.		供

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 供

Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)

Small seal script

**Small seal script**
s05738

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L00855	L00856

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (共) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
港	kroːŋʔ, ɡloːŋs
巷	*ɡroːŋs
衖	*ɡroːŋs
鬨	ɡroːŋs, ɡloːŋs
烘	qʰloːŋ, qʰloːŋs, ɡoːŋ, ɡloːŋs
洪	*ɡloːŋ
鉷	*ɡloːŋ
谼	*ɡloːŋ
葓	*ɡoːŋ
哄	*ɡloːŋs
蕻	*ɡloːŋs
恭	*kloŋ
供	kloŋ, kloŋs
龔	*kloŋ
珙	kloŋ, kloŋʔ
共	kloŋ, ɡloŋs
髸	*kloŋ
拱	*kloŋʔ
拲	kloŋʔ, kloɡ
蛬	kloŋʔ, ɡloŋ
栱	*kloŋʔ
輁	kloŋʔ, ɡloŋ
舼	*ɡloŋ
輂	*kloɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kloŋ, *kloŋs) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 共 (OC *kloŋ, *ɡloŋs).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gōng, gòng (gong¹, gong⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥ, ㄍㄨㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gung¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiûng
Min Dong (BUC): gṳ̆ng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): keng / kiong

(Teochew, Peng'im): gêng³
Wu (Wiktionary): kon (T1)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: gōng
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ
  - Wade–Giles: kung¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gong
  - IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, common mispronunciation)⁺
  - Pinyin: gòng
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˋ
  - Wade–Giles: kung⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gonq
  - IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gung¹
  - Yale: gūng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gung¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gung¹
  - IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiûng
  - Hakka Romanization System: giung´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: giung¹
  - IPA: /ki̯uŋ²⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gṳ̆ng
  - IPA ^(key): /kyŋ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng
  - Tâi-lô: king
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kefng
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiong
  - Tâi-lô: kiong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiofng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ³³/

Note:

keng - vernacular;
kiong - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gêng³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kèng
  - IPA ^(key): /keŋ²¹³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: kon (T1)
  - IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵³/

Middle Chinese: /kɨoŋ/▼

Rime
Character	供
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	九容切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kioŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kioŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuawŋ/
Li Rong	/kioŋ/
Wang Li	/kĭwoŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯woŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiōng

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*k<r>oŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kloŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	供
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gōng
Middle Chinese	‹ kjowng ›
Old Chinese	/*k<r>oŋ/
English	furnish; serve, offer
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	供
Reading #	1/2
No.	4167
Phonetic component	共
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	恭
Old Chinese	/*kloŋ/

Definitions

供

to supply; to provide for
to provide certain convenience or support
A surname.

Compounds

Derived terms from 供

供不上
供不應求／供不应求 (gōngbùyìngqiú)
供張／供张
供應商／供应商 (gōngyìngshāng)
供水 (gōngshuǐ)
供求 (gōngqiú)
供用 (gōngyòng)

供給／供给 (gōngjǐ)
供膳甘肥
供過於求／供过于求
供銷／供销 (gōngxiāo)
供銷員／供销员
供電／供电 (gōngdiàn)
供電系統／供电系统

供需 (gōngxū)
供需失衡
供需失調／供需失调
供食 (gōngshí)
提供 (tígōng)
求過於供／求过于供
產供銷／产供销

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gòng, gōng (gong⁴, gong¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥˋ, ㄍㄨㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gung³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiûng / kiung
Min Dong (BUC): gé̤ṳng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kiòng / kèng

(Teochew, Peng'im): gong³ / gêng¹
Wu (Wiktionary): jion (T2); kon (T2)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: gòng
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˋ
  - Wade–Giles: kung⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gonq
  - IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: gōng
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ
  - Wade–Giles: kung¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gong
  - IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

gōng - Taiwan standard for “to confess; confession”, and Mainland standard for “to look after”. In actual usage, however, the two pronunciations are often confused.

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gung³
  - Yale: gung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gung³
  - Guangdong Romanization: gung³
  - IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiûng / kiung
  - Hakka Romanization System: giung´ / giung
  - Hagfa Pinyim: giung¹ / giung⁴
  - IPA: /ki̯uŋ²⁴/, /ki̯uŋ⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gé̤ṳng
  - IPA ^(key): /køyŋ²¹³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiòng
  - Tâi-lô: kiòng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kioxng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiɔŋ²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng
  - Tâi-lô: kìng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kexng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ¹¹/

Note:

kiòng - literary;
kèng - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gong³ / gêng¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kòng / keng
  - IPA ^(key): /koŋ²¹³/, /keŋ³³/

Note: gêng1 - alternative reading.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: jion (T2); kon (T2)
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁴/, /kʊŋ³⁴/

Note:

2jion - vernacular;
2kon - literary.

Middle Chinese: /kɨoŋ^H/▼

Rime
Character	供
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居用切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨoŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kioŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kioŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuawŋ^H/
Li Rong	/kioŋ^H/
Wang Li	/kĭwoŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯woŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiòng

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*kloŋs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	供
Reading #	2/2
No.	4178
Phonetic component	共
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	供
Old Chinese	/*kloŋs/

Definitions

供

to present incense or offerings before the image of a god or the deceased; to enshrine and worship
offering; tribute; sacrifice
to assume office
to confess; to own up; to make a confession of
confession; admission; owning up
to look after (one's parents or children etc.); to support

Compounds

Derived terms from 供

上供 (shànggòng)
不供
串供 (chuàngòng)
供事 (gòngshì)
供佛 (gòngfó)
供吐
供品 (gòngpǐn)
供奉 (gòngfèng)
供奠
供客
供尖
供床
供應／供应 (gōngyìng)
供承
供招
供攀
供月兒／供月儿
供果 (gòngguǒ)

供桌 (gòngzhuō)
供狀／供状 (gòngzhuàng)
供獻／供献
供碗
供稱／供称 (gòngchēng)
供職／供职 (gòngzhí)
供花兒／供花儿
供茶
供詞／供词 (gòngcí)
供認／供认 (gòngrèn)
供述 (gòngshù)
供過／供过
供養／供养 (gōngyǎng)
口供 (kǒugòng)
打供
打供太保
投供

招供 (zhāogòng)
擺供／摆供
攀供
明伙畫供／明伙画供
炸供
煙雲供養／烟云供养
畫供／画供 (huàgòng)
筆供／笔供 (bǐgòng)
翻供 (fāngòng)
自供狀／自供状 (zìgòngzhuàng)
蜜供
親供／亲供
訊供／讯供
逼供 (bīgòng)
錄供／录供
香花供養／香花供养
齋供／斋供

Japanese

Kanji

供

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: く (ku, Jōyō, uncommon)
Kan-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)
Kan’yō-on: ぐ (gu)
Kun: そなえる (sonaeru, 供える, Jōyō); とも (tomo, 供, Jōyō)

Compounds

供物 (そなえもの) (sonaemono)
供物 (くもつ) (kumotsu)
供 (きょう)宴 (えん) (kyōen)
供応
供花
供華
供犠
供 (きょう)給 (きゅう) (kyōkyū)
供血
供御
供祭
供出
供述
供進
供人
供勢
供託

供米
供奉
供与
供用
供養
供覧
供料
口供
自供
節供
提供
私供
初節供
子供
試供品

Kanji in this term
供
とも Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Noun

供 (hiragana とも, rōmaji tomo)

Derived terms

人身御供
供回り

供待ち
供揃い

Korean

Hanja

供 • (gong) (hangeul 공, McCune–Reischauer kong)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

供 (cung, cúng, củng, cũng)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation

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