Northeast Asia

Northeast Asia, North-East Asia or Northeastern Asia, is a geographical subregion of Asia; its northeastern landmass and islands, by the Pacific Ocean.

Coastal Northeast Asia, including Northeast China
The core countries of East Asia are in Northeast Asia.

The term Northeast Asia was popularized during the 1930s by American historian and political scientist Robert Kerner. Under Kerner's definition, "Northeast Asia" included the Mongolian Plateau, the Northeast China Plain, the Korean Peninsula and the mountainous regions of the Russian Far East, stretching from the Lena River in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east.[1]

Definitions

The definition of Northeast Asia is not static but often changes according to the context in which it is discussed.

In common usage, the term Northeast Asia typically refers to a region including China.[2][3] In this sense, the core countries and regions constituting Northeast Asia are China, Japan, Taiwan, Mongolia, North Korea and South Korea.[4]

Broader definitions, such as that used by the World Bank refer to the "three major Northeast Asian economies, i.e. China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan", as well as Mongolia, North Korea, the Russian Far East and Siberia.[5] The Council on Foreign Relations includes the Russia Far East, Mongolia, and Nepal.[6] The World Bank also acknowledges the roles of sub-national or de facto states, such as Hong Kong and Macau. The Economic Research Institute for Northeast Asia defines the region as "China, Japan, the Koreas, Nepal, Mongolia, and eastern regions of the Russian Federation".[7]

Despite not being culturally or historically part of East Asian region, Russia is sometimes included in discussion as its political interests and policies clashes with those, in particular, of China, Japan, and the Koreas due to its location in Russian Far East, which is inhabited not only by ethnic Russians but also by Native peoples such as Yakuts, Buryats, Tuvans and others.

The Yellow Sea, the Sea of Okhotsk, and the East China Sea are also included in discussions of the region.

Economics
The world's largest automobile manufacturing plant in South Korea

Northeast Asia is one of the most important economic regions of the world that constituted 25.3% of the world's nominal GDP in 2019 which is slightly larger than the United States. It is also one of the major political centers and has significant influence on international affairs. By the end of the 1990s, Northeast Asia had a share of 12% of the global energy consumption, with a strong increasing trend. By 2030, the strong economic growth in the region is expected to double or triple this share.

Biogeography

In biogeography, Northeast Asia generally refers to roughly the area spanning Japan, the Korean Peninsula, Northeast China, and the Far East between Lake Baikal in Central Siberia and the Pacific Ocean.

Northeast Asia is mainly covered with temperate forest and grassland. There is a vast contrast with temperatures between summer and winter. It is also a mountainous area.

See also

References

Citations
  1. Narangoa 2014, p. 2.
  2. "Northeast Asia dominates patent filing growth." Retrieved on August 8, 2001.
  3. "Paper: Economic Integration in Northeast Asia." Retrieved on August 8, 2011.
  4. Gilbet Rozman (2004), Northeast asia's stunted regionalism: bilateral distrust in the shadow of globalization. Cambridge University Press, pp. 3-4
  5. Aminian, Nathalie; Fung, K.C.; Ng, Francis. "Integration of Markets vs. Integration by Agreements" (PDF). Policy Research Working Paper. World Bank.
  6. "Northeast Asia." Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved on August 10, 2009.
  7. Economic Research Institute for Northeast Asia (1999). Japan and Russia in Northeast Asia: Partners in the 21st Century. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 248.

Sources
  • Narangoa, Li (2014). Historical Atlas of Northeast Asia, 1590-2010: Korea, Manchuria, Mongolia, Eastern Siberia. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231160704.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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