Aleksinac
Aleksinac (Serbian Cyrillic: Алексинац) is a town and municipality located in the Nišava District of southern Serbia. According to 2011 census, the town has a population of 17,978 inhabitants, while the municipality has 51,863 inhabitants.
Aleksinac Алексинац | |
|---|---|
Town and municipality | |
 Church of St Nicholas, Aleksinac | |
 Coat of arms | |
 Location of the municipality of Aleksinac within Serbia | |
| Coordinates: 43°33′N 21°42′E | |
| Country |  |
| Region | Southern and Eastern Serbia |
| District | Nišava |
| Town status | 1516 |
| Municipality status | 1836 |
| Settlements | 72 |
| Area | |
| • Town | 26.19 km2 (10.11 sq mi) |
| • Municipality | 707 km2 (273 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 171 m (561 ft) |
| Population (2011 census)[2] | |
| • Town | 17,978 |
| • Town density | 690/km2 (1,800/sq mi) |
| • Municipality | 51,863 |
| • Municipality density | 73/km2 (190/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 18220 |
| Area code | +381(0)18 |
| Car plates | AL |
| Website | www |
Name
The name of the town ultimately derives from the given name Aleksandar. In standard Serbian, Aleksinac is pronounced with the stress on the first syllable, but locals tend to pronounce it with the stress on the second syllable.
History
Prehistory and Antiquity
The territory of the municipality of Aleksinac has been inhabited since the neolithic age. Most of the settlements in the area belong to the Vinča cultural group, and are located on the western side of the South Morava river.
After the fall to the Romans this territory was included in the province Upper Moesia and after 293 AD it was in the Mediterranean province Dacia. A Roman military road (Via Militaris) was built in 1st century AD across the territory. There were also two stations for rest (mansio) and change of horses (mutatio) along the road on the territory of Aleksinac: Praesidium Pompei and Rappiana.
Their location is still unknown, although there are few candidates for this position. Also few fortresses (Castell) are known to existed in this period, but their names are not known, except for the Castell Milareca on Gradiste hill (228 m).
Middle Ages
From the year 476 this territory was under Byzantine rule. There are evidences of settlements from this time, however their names still remain unknown.
During the reigns of emperors Phocas (602-610) and Heraclius (610-641) Slavic peoples inhabit Balkan peninsula. In 614 they razed Niš. The Via Militaris was renamed Medieval Military Road and it was used by the crusaders of first four Crusades to reach Constantinople thus passing through the territory of Aleksinac municipality.
During the reign of the Nemanjić dynasty this territory was under direct control of the state. After the death of Uroš V this territory was included in the territory of Moravian Serbia under the Prince Lazar and his successors. Two medieval towns, Bolvan and Lipovac, date from this period.
Ottoman rule
Aleksinac is first mentioned in 1516 in "Kruševački Tefter", a list of towns and its residents were made by Turks to keep an eye on taxes, as the village belonging to Bolvan province and Kruševac sanjak. It remained village up to the end of the 16th century when it was developed into town settlement.
In the middle of the 17th century, Aleksinac was town with more than 100 shops in it, and because of its strategic location on the road to Istanbul it became important travel and caravan station. Its importance can be supported by the fact that Turks built fortress to protect it from outlaws in 1616.
The development of Aleksinac was stopped during the so-called Great Turkish War (1683–1699). Aleksinac was conquered by Austrian army (general Ludwig of Baden liberated it), and later burned to the ground by the soldiers of Jegen-Osman Pasha. Serbian inhabitants of Aleksinac joined Great Serb Migrations to Habsburg Monarchy and some of them settled down in Budim. Aleksinac was destroyed again by fire during the second Austro-Turkish war (1716–1718) when grand vizier Hallil Pasha was defeated beneath the walls of Belgrade. In retreat he burned down all settlements all the way to Niš.
After the third Austro-Turkish War (1737–1739) Aleksinac developed into significant trade and handcraft center. Many caravans passed through it exchanging wares from entire Ottoman Empire and central Europe. At the same time it became center of Aleksinac county which in 1784 consisted of 17 villages. There were 160 houses in Aleksinac at that time, 120 of them Christian and 40 Turkish.
After the fourth Austro-Turkish War (1787–1791) Aleksinac was burned down again by the Turkish outlaws led by Osman Pazvantoğlu.
Modern times
Aleksinac and its surrounding area joined the First Serbian Uprising in January 1806. This included villages on the right bank of the South Morava river which were liberated by the army of Petar Dobrnjac.
The settlements on the left bank were liberated by Mladen Milovanović and Stanoje Glavaš. As soon as the town was liberated, Captain Vuča Žikić built the famous Deligrad trenches on the north side of Aleksinac which earned fame in battles with the Turks, especially in 1806.
After the fall on the First Serbian Uprising, Aleksinac remained under Turkish rule up to December 1832 when it became integral part of Prince Miloš's Serbia. During his first reign Aleksinac became the economic centre of the south-east Serbia with numerous trade and handicrafts shops and it developed into important government centre.
It became a centre of county and county court. The third post office in Serbia (after Belgrade and Kragujevac) was opened in Aleksinac for both Serbian and Austrian post as well as the place where English courier sent and received the post from Turkey. At that time Customs office and quarantine station were built in Aleksinac.
Aleksinac was also the site of major battles with Turks in First Serbo-Turkish war in 1876, with only true victory won on Šumatovac, 3 kilometers from Aleksinac. From 1929-41, Aleksinac was part of the Morava Banovina of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
Aleksinac was seriously damaged during the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia in 1999.
Settlements
Aside from the town of Aleksinac, the municipality includes the following settlements:
- Aleksinački Bujmir
- Aleksinački Rudnik
- Bankovac
- Beli Breg
- Belja
- Bobovište
- Bovan
- Bradarac
- Vakup
- Veliki Drenovac
- Vitkovac
- Vrelo
- Vrćenovica
- Vukanja
- Vukašinovac
- Glogovica
- Golešnica
- Gornja Peščanica
- Gornje Suhotno
- Gornji Adrovac
- Gornji Krupac
- Gornji Ljubeš
- Gredetin
- Grejač
- Dašnica
- Deligrad
- Dobrujevac
- Donja Peščanica
- Donje Suhotno
- Donji Adrovac
- Donji Krupac
- Donji Ljubeš
- Draževac
- Žitkovac
- Jakovlje
- Jasenje
- Kamenica
- Katun
- Koprivnica
- Korman
- Kraljevo
- Krušje
- Kulina
- Lipovac
- Loznac
- Loćika
- Lužane
- Ljupten
- Mali Drenovac
- Mozgovo
- Moravac
- Moravski Bujmir
- Nozrina
- Porodin
- Prekonozi
- Prćilovica
- Prugovac
- Radevce
- Rsovac
- Rutevac
- Srezovac
- Stanci
- Stublina
- Subotinac
- Tešica
- Trnjane
- Ćićina
- Crna Bara
- Česta
- Čukurovac
- Šurić
Demographics
| Historical population | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1948 | 61,002 | — |
| 1953 | 64,344 | +1.07% |
| 1961 | 67,200 | +0.54% |
| 1971 | 66,082 | −0.17% |
| 1981 | 67,286 | +0.18% |
| 1991 | 63,844 | −0.52% |
| 2002 | 57,749 | −0.91% |
| 2011 | 51,863 | −1.19% |
| Source: [3] | ||
According to the last official census done in 2011, the municipality of Aleksinac has 51,863 inhabitants.[4]
Ethnic groups
The ethnic composition of the municipality:[4]
| Ethnic group | Population | % |
|---|---|---|
| Serbs | 47,563 | 91.71% |
| Roma | 1,937 | 3.73% |
| Macedonians | 98 | 0.19% |
| Montenegrins | 68 | 0.13% |
| Croats | 50 | 0.10% |
| Yugoslavs | 49 | 0.09% |
| Bulgarians | 45 | 0.09% |
| Muslims | 37 | 0.07% |
| Slovenians | 30 | 0.06% |
| Vlachs | 21 | 0.04% |
| Romanians | 20 | 0.04% |
| Albanians | 18 | 0.03% |
| Hungarians | 16 | 0.03% |
| Russians | 15 | 0.03% |
| Gorani | 13 | 0.03% |
| Others | 1,883 | 3.63% |
| Total | 51,863 |
Economy and natural resources
Main industry in Aleksinac is metal industry, but large parts of municipality consists of arable land near the Morava river that is used for grain, maize and peppers. Coal industry was also dominant before fire accident in November 1989.
Municipality of Aleksinac is rich in natural resources, especially in black coal, bitumen schist, gravel, sand and limestone. Drilling for shale gas will begin in the near future, with a tender currently underway for contract rights.
The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2018):[5]
| Activity | Total |
|---|---|
| Agriculture, forestry and fishing | 111 |
| Mining and quarrying | 327 |
| Manufacturing | 3,026 |
| Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply | 30 |
| Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities | 274 |
| Construction | 205 |
| Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles | 1,191 |
| Transportation and storage | 271 |
| Accommodation and food services | 289 |
| Information and communication | 62 |
| Financial and insurance activities | 82 |
| Real estate activities | 3 |
| Professional, scientific and technical activities | 214 |
| Administrative and support service activities | 71 |
| Public administration and defense; compulsory social security | 457 |
| Education | 838 |
| Human health and social work activities | 985 |
| Arts, entertainment and recreation | 86 |
| Other service activities | 139 |
| Individual agricultural workers | 819 |
| Total | 9,482 |
Education
The town has two elementary schools, "Ljupče Nikolić" and "Vožd Karađorđe", Grammar School "Aleksinačka gimnazija", Technical High School "Prota Stevan Dimitrijević", and College for Kindergarten Teachers. The construction of the building for Agricultural High School has started in 2006. The school is now using Technical High School Facilities. Aleksinac also has a school for children with special needs "Smeh i Suza", and Elementary Music School "Vladimir Đorđević".
Tourism
Lake Bovan, situated 15 km from Aleksinac centre, is a place popular for tourists. The medieval monastery from the 15th century built by Despot Stefan Lazarević, St. Stefan in Lipovac, is 25 km from the city. The monastery is built beneath the slopes of Mt. Ozren (1175 m). There is also remnants of two medieval towns in the mountains surrounding Aleksinac: Bovan and Lipovac, however they are not well preserved.
Bovan lake
Ozren mountain
European highway E75
Mali Jastrebac
Aleksinac
Aleksinac valley
Museum
The town houses the "Museum of Aleksinac".
Notable locals
- Kosta Taušanović (1854–1902), one of the founders of Serbian Radical Party, minister of police and minister of commerce, founder of first insurance company in Serbia.
- Mihajlo Rašić (1858–1919), Army commander in Kingdom of Serbia and minister of military affairs (1918–1919)
- Milan Pecić (1865–1959),Army doctor and inventor of a military stretcher that was used in Serbia by the end of World War I. Also inventor of military apothecary.
- Stevan Dimitrijević (1866–1953), theologian, historian and rector of Theologian University in Belgrade.
- Kosta Stojanović (1867–1921), Minister of Commerce (1906–1908) and (1912–1913).
- Rista Prendić (1800–1892), the official Tatar of the English Consulate, settled in Aleksinac (1837–1855).
- Velimir Rajić (1879–1915), serbian poet.
- Mihailo Gavrilović (1868–1924) prominent Serbian historian and diplomat.
- Dragutin Jovanović-Lune (1892–1932), Serbian guerrilla fighter, officer, politician, delegate and mayor of Vrnjci. He was awarded several times for his service in the Balkan Wars and World War I.
- Goran Popović. Famous designer. Worked as Chief-designer for Pininfarina (1993-2011).
Trivia
- The patron saint of Aleksinac is St. Mark.
- Aleksinac was the first Serbian town to get a post office, on May 25, 1840. The second was opened in Belgrade and the third in Kragujevac.
- Aleksinac is the home of the Native Indians Society of Serbia.
International relations
References and further reading
- "Municipalities of Serbia, 2006". Statistical Office of Serbia. Retrieved 2010-11-28.
- "2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia: Comparative Overview of the Number of Population in 1948, 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991, 2002 and 2011, Data by settlements" (PDF). Statistical Office of Republic Of Serbia, Belgrade. 2014. ISBN 978-86-6161-109-4. Retrieved 2014-06-27.
- "2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia" (PDF). stat.gov.rs. Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. Retrieved 16 February 2018.
- "ETHNICITY Data by municipalities and cities" (PDF). stat.gov.rs. Statistical Office of Serbia. Retrieved 16 February 2018.
- "MUNICIPALITIES AND REGIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, 2019" (PDF). stat.gov.rs. Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. 25 December 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
- "Ministar Ružić i predstavnici iz Grčke, Slovenije, Bugarske, Makedonije i Rusije na proslavi Dana opštine Aleksinac". alpress.rs (in Serbian). AlPress. 2018-06-05. Retrieved 2020-01-07.
- Istorija Aleksinca i okoline do kraja prve vladavine kneza Miloša, Sprić Miodrag, Aleksinac, 1995.
- Aleksinac i okolina, Dr. Branko Peruničić, Beograd, 1978.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Aleksinac. |
