2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries

Polling aggregates
	Active candidates
	Joe Biden
	Others/Undecided
	Withdrawn candidates
	Bernie Sanders
	Tulsi Gabbard
	Elizabeth Warren
	Michael Bloomberg
	Amy Klobuchar
	Pete Buttigieg
	Andrew Yang
	Cory Booker
	Kamala Harris
	Beto O'Rourke
	Events
	Debates
	Caucuses and primaries
	National coronavirus; emergency declared

2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries
	February 3 to August 11, 2020
	February 3 to August 11, 2020
3,979 delegates to the Democratic National Convention[lower-alpha 1]; 1,991 delegates needed to win[1][lower-alpha 2];
Joe Biden Bernie Sanders	Pete Buttigieg Michael Bloomberg
Previous Democratic nominee; Hillary Clinton;	Presumptive Democratic nominee ; Joe Biden

The 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries and caucuses are a series of electoral contests organized by the Democratic Party to select the approximately 3,979[lower-alpha 1] pledged delegates to the 2020 Democratic National Convention. Those delegates will elect the Democratic nominee for president of the United States in the 2020 U.S. presidential election.[4] If a candidate amasses at least 1,991[5][6] pledged delegates by the DNC convention in August (formerly July but postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States),[7] they will be the nominee. The elections are taking place from February to August 2020 in all fifty U.S. states, the District of Columbia, five U.S. territories, and among Democrats Abroad.

Independent of the results of the primaries and caucuses, the Democratic Party will, from its group of party leaders and elected officials, also appoint 771[lower-alpha 2] unpledged delegates (superdelegates) to participate in its national convention. In contrast to all previous election cycles since superdelegates were introduced in 1984, superdelegates will no longer have the right to cast decisive votes at the convention's first ballot for the presidential nomination. They will be allowed to cast non-decisive votes if a candidate has clinched the nomination before the first ballot, or decisive votes on subsequent ballots in a contested convention.[4][8][9]

Overall, there were 29 major Democratic presidential candidates in the 2020 election, and for six weeks around July 2019, 25 of these had active campaigns simultaneously. On April 8, 2020, former Vice President Joe Biden became the presumptive nominee after Senator Bernie Sanders, the only other major candidate left, suspended his campaign and endorsed Biden a few days later.[10][11] In early June 2020, Biden passed the threshold of 1,991 delegates to gain the nomination at the 2020 Democratic National Convention.[12][13][14]

Background

After Hillary Clinton's loss in the previous election, many felt the Democratic Party lacked a clear leading figure.[15] Divisions remained in the party following the 2016 primaries, which pitted Clinton against Bernie Sanders.[16][17] Between the 2016 election and the 2018 midterm elections, Senate Democrats generally shifted to the political left in relation to college tuition, healthcare, and immigration.[18][19] The 2018 elections saw the Democratic Party regain the House of Representatives for the first time in eight years, picking up seats in both urban and suburban districts.[20][21]

The 2020 field of Democratic presidential candidates peaked at more than two dozen major candidates.[22] According to Politifact, this field is believed to be the largest field of presidential candidates for any American political party since 1972;[lower-alpha 3] it exceeds the field of 17 major candidates who sought the Republican presidential nomination in 2016.[24] In May 2019, CBS News referred to the field of 2020 Democratic presidential candidates as "the largest and most diverse Democratic primary field in modern history", including six major female presidential candidates and seven major candidates of African, Hispanic, Asian, or Pacific Islander ancestry.[25]

Reforms since 2016

On August 25, 2018, the Democratic National Committee (DNC) members passed reforms to the Democratic Party's primary process in order to increase participation[26] and ensure transparency.[27] State parties are encouraged to use a government-run primary whenever available and increase the accessibility of their primary through same-day or automatic registration and same-day party switching. Caucuses are required to have absentee voting, or to otherwise allow those who cannot participate in person to be included.[26]

The reforms mandate that automatic delegates ("superdelegates") refrain from voting on the first presidential nominating ballot, unless a candidate via the outcome of primaries and caucuses already has gained a majority of all delegates, including superdelegates.[28] In a contested convention where no majority of minimum pledged delegate votes is found for a single candidate on the first ballot, all superdelegates will then regain their right to vote on any subsequent ballot necessary in order for a presidential candidate to be nominated, wherein the number of votes required shall increase to a majority of pledged and superdelegates combined.[4] Superdelegates are not precluded from publicly endorsing a candidate of their choosing before the convention.

There were also a number of changes to the process of nomination at the state level. A decline in the number of caucuses occurred after 2016, with Democrats in Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Kansas, Maine, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, and Washington all switching from various forms of caucuses to primaries (with Hawaii, Kansas, and North Dakota switching to party-run "firehouse primaries"). This has resulted in the lowest number of caucuses in the Democratic Party's recent history, with only three states (Iowa, Nevada, and Wyoming) and four territories (American Samoa, Guam, Northern Marianas, and U.S. Virgin Islands) using them. In addition, six states were approved in 2019 by the DNC to use ranked-choice voting in the primaries: Alaska, Hawaii, Kansas, and Wyoming for all voters; Iowa and Nevada for absentee voters.[29] Rather than eliminating candidates until a single winner is chosen, voters' choices would be reallocated until all remaining candidates have at least 15%, the threshold to receive delegates to the convention.[30]

Several states which did not use paper ballots widely in 2016 and 2018, adopted them for the 2020 primary and general elections,[31] to minimize potential interference in vote tallies, a concern raised by intelligence officials,[32] election officials[33] and the public.[34] The move to paper ballots enabled audits to start where they had not been possible before, and in 2020 about half the states audit samples of primary ballots to measure accuracy of the reported results.[35] Audits of caucus results depend on party rules, and the Iowa Democratic party investigated inaccuracies in precinct reports, resolved enough to be sure the delegate allocations were correct, and decided it did not have authority or time to correct all errors.[36][37][38]

Rules for number of delegates

Number of pledged delegates per state

The number of pledged delegates from each state is proportional to the state's share of the electoral college, and to the state's past Democratic votes for president.[39][40] Thus less weight is given to swing states and Republican states, while more weight is given to strongly Democratic states, in choosing a nominee.

Six pledged delegates are assigned to each territory, 44 to Puerto Rico, and 12 to Democrats Abroad. Each jurisdiction can also earn bonus delegates by holding primaries after March or in clusters of 3 or more neighboring states.[39]

Within states, a quarter of pledged delegates are allocated to candidates based on statewide vote totals, and the rest based on votes in each Congressional District, though some states use divisions other than congressional districts. For example, Texas uses state Senate districts.[41][39] Districts which have voted Democratic in the past get more delegates, and fewer delegates are allocated for swing districts and Republican districts.[39] For example, House Speaker Pelosi's strongly Democratic district 12 has 7 delegates, or one per 109,000 people, and a swing district, CA-10, which became Democratic in 2018, has 4 delegates, or one per 190,000 people.[42][43][44]

Candidate threshold

Candidates who get under 15% of the votes in a state or district get no delegates from that area. Candidates who get 15% or more of the votes divide delegates in proportion to their votes.[42][45] These rules apply at the state level to state delegates and within each district for those delegates. The 15% threshold was established in 1992[46] to limit "fringe" candidates.[47] The threshold now means that any sector of the party (moderate, progressive, etc.) which produces many candidates, thus dividing supporters' votes, may win few delegates, even if it wins a majority of votes.[47][48][46]

Schedule and results

Several states below use Ranked-choice voting. In these, only the final result is given.

Date (daily totals)	Total pledged delegates	Contest	Delegates won and popular vote[49]
			Joe Biden	Bernie Sanders	Elizabeth Warren	Michael Bloomberg	Pete Buttigieg	Amy Klobuchar	Tulsi Gabbard

February 3	41	Iowa	6 23,291 (13.7%)	12 45,652 (26.5%)	8 34,909 (20.3%)	16 (0.0%)	14 43,209 (25.1%)	1 21,100 (12.2%)	16 (0.0%)
February 11	24	New Hampshire	24,944 (8.4%)	9 76,384 (25.6%)	27,429 (9.2%)	4,777 (1.6%)	9 72,454 (24.3%)	6 58,714 (19.7%)	9,755 (3.3%)
February 22	36	Nevada	9 19,179 (18.9%)	24 41,075 (40.5%)	11,703 (11.5%)		3 17,598 (17.3%)	7,376 (7.3%)	32 (0.0%)
February 29	54	South Carolina	39 262,336 (48.7%)	15 106,605 (19.8%)	38,120 (7.1%)		44,217 (8.2%)	16,900 (3.1%)	6,813 (1.3%)
March 3 (Super Tuesday) (1,344)	52	Alabama	44 286,065 (63.3%)	8 74,755 (16.5%)	25,847 (5.7%)	52,750 (11.7%)	1,416 (0.3%)	907 (0.2%)	1,038 (0.2%)
	6	American Samoa	31 (8.8%)	37 (10.5%)	5 (1.4%)	4 175 (49.9%)			2 103 (29.3%)
	31	Arkansas	19 93,012 (40.6%)	9 51,413 (22.4%)	22,971 (10.0%)	3 38,312 (16.7%)	7,649 (3.3%)	7,009 (3.1%)	1,593 (0.7%)
	415	California	172 1,613,854 (27.9%)	221 2,080,846 (36.0%)	12 762,555 (13.2%)	9 701,803 (12.1%)	249,256 (4.3%)	126,961 (2.2%)	33,769 (0.6%)
	67	Colorado	26 236,565 (24.6%)	24 355,293 (37.0)	8 168,695 (17.6%)	9 177,727 (18.5%)			10,037 (1.1%)
	24	Maine	13 68,729 (33.4%)	9 66,826 (32.5%)	2 32,055 (15.6%)	24,294 (11.8%)	4,364 (2.1%)	2,826 (1.4%)	1,815 (0.9%)
	91	Massachusetts	45 473,861 (33.4%)	29 376,990 (26.6%)	17 303,864 (21.4%)	166,200 (11.7%)	38,400 (2.7%)	17,297 (1.2%)	10,548 (0.7%)
	75	Minnesota	43 287,553 (38.6%)	27 222,431 (29.9%)	5 114,674 (15.4%)	61,882 (8.3%)	7,616 (1.0%)	41,530 (5.6%)	2,504 (0.3%)
	110	North Carolina	68 572,271 (43.0%)	37 322,645 (24.2%)	2 139,912 (10.5%)	3 172,558 (13.0%)	43,632 (3.3%)	30,742 (2.3%)	6,622 (0.5%)
	37	Oklahoma	21 117,633 (38.7%)	13 77,425 (25.5%)	1 40,732 (13.4%)	2 42,270 (13.9%)	5,115 (1.7%)	6,733 (2.2%)	5,109 (1.7%)
	64	Tennessee	38 215,390 (41.7%)	20 129,168 (25.0%)	1 53,732 (10.4%)	5 79,789 (15.5%)	17,102 (3.3%)	10,671 (2.1%)	2,278 (0.4%)
	228	Texas	113 725,562 (34.6%)	99 626,339 (29.9%)	5 239,237 (11.4%)	11 300,608 (14.4%)	82,671 (4.0%)	43,291 (2.1%)	8,688 (0.4%)
	29	Utah	7 40,674 (18.4%)	16 79,728 (36.1%)	3 35,727 (16.2%)	3 33,991 (15.4%)	18,734 (8.5%)	7,603 (3.5%)	1,704 (0.8%)
	16	Vermont	5 34,669 (21.9%)	11 79,921 (50.6%)	19,785 (12.5%)	14,828 (9.4%)	3,709 (2.4%)	1,991 (1.3%)	1,303 (0.8%)
	99	Virginia	66 705,501 (53.3%)	31 306,388 (23.2%)	2 142,546 (10.8%)	128,030 (9.7%)	11,199 (0.9%)	8,414 (0.6%)	11,288 (0.9%)
March 3–10	13	Democrats Abroad	4 9,059 (22.7%)	9 23,139 (57.9%)	5,730 (14.3%)[lower-alpha 4]	892 (2.2%)[lower-alpha 5]	616 (1.5%)	224 (0.6%)	146 (0.4%)
March 10 (352)	20	Idaho	11 53,151 (48.9%)	9 46,114 (42.4%)	2,878 (2.7%)	2,612 (2.4%)	1,426 (1.3%)	774 (0.7%)	876 (0.8%)
	125	Michigan	73 840,360 (52.9%)	52 576,926 (36.3%)	26,148 (1.7%)	73,464 (4.6%)	22,462 (1.4%)	11,018 (0.7%)	9,461 (0.6%)
	36	Mississippi	34 222,160 (81.0%)	2 40,657 (14.8%)	1,550 (0.6%)	6,933 (2.5%)	562 (0.2%)	440 (0.2%)	1,003 (0.4%)
	68	Missouri	44 400,347 (60.1%)	24 230,374 (34.6%)	8,156 (1.2%)	9,866 (1.5%)	3,309 (0.5%)	2,682 (0.4%)	4,887 (0.7%)
	14	North Dakota	6 5,742 (39.8%)	8 7,682 (53.3%)	366 (2.5%)	113 (0.8%)	164 (1.1%)	223 (1.5%)	89 (0.6%)
	89	Washington	46 591,403 (37.9%)	43 570,039 (36.6%)	142,652 (9.2%)	122,530 (7.9%)	63,344 (4.1%)	33,383 (2.1%)	13,199 (0.9%)
March 14	6	Northern Mariana Islands	2 48 (36.4%)	4 84 (63.6%)
March 17 (441)	67	Arizona	39 268,029 (44.1%)	28 200,456 (33.0%)	35,537 (5.8%)	58,797 (9.7%)	24,868 (4.1%)	10,333 (1.7%)	3,014 (0.5%)
	219	Florida	162 1,077,375 (62.0%)	57 397,311 (22.8%)	32,875 (1.9%)	146,544 (8.4%)	39,886 (2.3%)	17,276 (1.0%)	8,712 (0.5%)
	155	Illinois	94 986,661 (59.0%)	60 605,701 (36.2%)	24,413 (1.5%)	25,500 (1.5%)	9,729 (0.6%)	0 (0%)	9,642 (0.6%)
April 7	84	Wisconsin	56 581,463 (62.9%)	28 293,441 (31.7%)	14,060 (1.5%)	8,846 (1.0%)	4,946 (0.5%)	6,079 (0.7%)	5,565 (0.6%)
April 10	15	Alaska[lower-alpha 6]	8 10,834 (55.3%)	7 8,755 (44.7%)
April 17	14	Wyoming[lower-alpha 6]	10 10,912 (72.2%)	4 4,206 (27.8%)
April 28	136	Ohio[lower-alpha 6]	115 647,284 (72.4%)	21 149,683 (16.7%)	30,985 (3.5%)	28,704 (3.2%)	15,113 (1.7%)	11,899 (1.3%)	4,560 (0.5%)
May 2	39	Kansas[lower-alpha 6]	29 110,041 (76.9%)	10 33,142 (23.1%)
May 12	29	Nebraska	29 126,444 (76.8%)	23,214 (14.1%)	10,401 (6.3%)				4,523 (2.8%)
May 19	61	Oregon	46 408,315 (66.0%)	15 127,345 (20.6%)	59,355 (9.6%)				10,717 (1.7%)
May 22	24	Hawaii[lower-alpha 6]	16 21,215 (63.2%)	8 12,337 (36.8%)
June 2 (479)	20	District of Columbia	20 84,093 (76.0%)	11,116 (10.0%)	14,228 (12.9%)				442 (0.4%)
	82	Indiana[lower-alpha 7]	81 380,836 (76.5%)	1 67,688 (13.6%)	14,344 (2.9%)	4,783 (1.0%)	17,957 (3.6%)	3,860 (0.8%)	2,657 (0.5%)
	96	Maryland[lower-alpha 7]	96 879,701 (83.7%)	81,913 (7.8%)	27,129 (2.6%)	6,773 (0.6%)	7,180 (0.7%)	5,685 (0.5%)	4,226 (0.4%)
	19	Montana	18 111,706 (74.5%)	1 22,033 (14.7%)	11,984 (8.0%)
	34	New Mexico	30 181,700 (73.3%)	4 37,431 (15.1%)	14,550 (5.9%)				2,735 (1.1%)
	186	Pennsylvania[lower-alpha 7]	151 1,264,014 (79.3%)	33 287,619 (18.1%)					43,002 (2.7%)
	26	Rhode Island	24 78,867 (76.7%)	15,361 (14.9%)	4,423 (4.3%)				642 (0.6%)
	16	South Dakota	13 40,800 (77.5%)	3 11,861 (22.5%)
June 6 (14)	7	Guam	5 270 (69.6%)	2 118 (30.4%)
June 6 (14)	7	US Virgin Islands	7 502 (91.3%)	28 (5.1%)
June 9 (133)	105	Georgia[lower-alpha 7]	105 922,179 (84.9%)	101,668 (9.4%)	21,906 (2.0%)	7,657 (0.7%)	6,346 (0.6%)	4,317 (0.4%)	4,117 (0.4%)
June 9 (133)	28	West Virginia	28 122,468 (65.4%)	22,778 (12.2%)	5,736 (3.1%)	3,758 (2.0%)	3,453 (1.8%)	3,009 (1.6%)	4,161 (2.2%)
June 23 (328)	54	Kentucky[lower-alpha 7]
June 23 (328)	274	New York[lower-alpha 7]
July 7 (147)	21	Delaware
July 7 (147)	126	New Jersey
July 11	54	Louisiana
July 12	51	Puerto Rico
August 11	60	Connecticut
Total 3,979 pledged delegates			2,136	1,047	66	49	26	7	2

Election day postponements and cancellations

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, a number of presidential primaries were rescheduled. Some have also cancelled in-person voting entirely. On April 27, New York cancelled its voting by mail as well on the grounds that there was only one candidate left with an active campaign. Andrew Yang responded with a lawsuit, arguing that the decision infringes on voting rights,[55] and in early May, the judge ruled in favor of Yang.[56]

2020 Democratic primaries altered due to COVID-19.
Primary	Original schedule	Altered schedule	Vote in person?	Last changed	Ref.
Ohio	March 17	April 28[lower-alpha 8]	Cancelled	March 25	[57][58]
Georgia	March 24	June 9	Held	April 9	[59][60]
Puerto Rico	March 29	July 12	Scheduled	May 21	[61][62][63]
Alaska	April 4	April 10[lower-alpha 9]	Cancelled	March 23	[64]
Wyoming	April 4	April 17[lower-alpha 10]	Cancelled	March 22	[65]
Hawaii	April 4	May 22[lower-alpha 11]	Cancelled	March 27	[66][67][68]
Louisiana	April 4	July 11[lower-alpha 12]	Scheduled	April 14	[69][70]
Maryland	April 28	June 2	Held	March 17	[71]
Pennsylvania	April 28	June 2	Held	March 27	[72]
Rhode Island	April 28	June 2	Held	March 23	[73]
New York	April 28	June 23	Held	April 27	[74][75][76]
Delaware	April 28	July 7	Scheduled	May 7	[77][78]
Connecticut	April 28	August 11	Scheduled	April 17	[79]
Kansas	May 2	May 2[lower-alpha 13]	Cancelled	March 30	[80]
Guam	May 2	June 6	Held	June 4	[81]
Indiana	May 5	June 2	Held	March 20	[82]
West Virginia	May 12	June 9	Held	April 1	[83]
Kentucky	May 19	June 23	Held	March 16	[84]
New Jersey	June 2	July 7[lower-alpha 14]	Scheduled	April 8	[85]

In addition, the DNC elected to delay the 2020 Democratic National Convention from July 13–16 to August 17–20.[86]

Candidates

Major candidates in the 2020 Democratic presidential primaries have either: (a) served as vice president, a member of the cabinet, a U.S. senator, a U.S. representative, or a governor, (b) been included in a minimum of five independent national polls, or (c) received substantial media coverage. As of April 8, 2020, one major candidate is still in the race.

Nearly 300 candidates who did not meet the criteria to be deemed "major" also filed with the Federal Election Commission to run for president in the Democratic Party primary.[87]

Presumptive nominee

Candidate		Born	Experience	State	Campaign announced	Pledged delegates[88]	Popular vote[3]	Contests won	Article	Ref.
Joe Biden		November 20, 1942 (age 77) Scranton, Pennsylvania	Vice President of the United States (2009–2017) U.S. senator from Delaware (1973–2009) Candidate for President in 1988 and 2008	Delaware	April 25, 2019	2,171	16,264,412 (49.12%)	41 (AL, AK, AZ, AR, DC, FL, GA, GU, HI, ID, IL, IN, KS, KY, ME, MD, MA, MI, MN, MS, MO, MT, NE, NM, NY, NC, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, VA, VI, WA, WV, WI, WY)	__________ Campaign FEC filing	[89]

Withdrew during the primaries

Candidate	Born	Experience	State	Campaign announced	Campaign suspended	Delegates won[88]	Popular vote	Contests won	Article	Ref.
Bernie Sanders	September 8, 1941 (age 78) Brooklyn, New York	U.S. senator from Vermont (2007–present) U.S. representative from VT-AL (1991–2007) Candidate for President in 2016	Vermont	February 19, 2019	April 8, 2020 (endorsed Biden as presumptive nominee)[90]	1,047	9,179,646 (27.72%)	9 (CA, CO, DA, NV, NH, ND, MP, UT, VT)	__________ Campaign FEC filing	[91][92]
Tulsi Gabbard	April 12, 1981 (age 39) Leloaloa, American Samoa	U.S. representative from HI-02 (2013–present)	Hawaii	January 11, 2019	March 19, 2020 (endorsed Biden)[93]	2	253,679 (0.77%)	0	__________ Campaign FEC filing	[94][95]
Elizabeth Warren	June 22, 1949 (age 71) Oklahoma City, Oklahoma	U.S. senator from Massachusetts (2013–present)	Massachusetts	February 9, 2019 Exploratory committee: December 31, 2018	March 5, 2020 (endorsed Biden as presumptive nominee)[96]	63	2,751,873 (8.31%)	0	__________ Campaign FEC filing	[97][98]
Michael Bloomberg	February 14, 1942 (age 78) Boston, Massachusetts	Mayor of New York City, New York (2002–2013) CEO of Bloomberg L.P.	New York	November 24, 2019 Exploratory committee: November 21, 2019	March 4, 2020 (endorsed Biden)[99]	49	2,469,252 (7.46%)	1 (AS)	__________ Campaign FEC filing	[100][101]
Amy Klobuchar	May 25, 1960 (age 60) Plymouth, Minnesota	U.S. senator from Minnesota (2007–present)	Minnesota	February 10, 2019	March 2, 2020 (endorsed Biden)[102]	7	517,089 (1.56%)	0	__________ Campaign FEC filing	[103][102]
Pete Buttigieg	January 19, 1982 (age 38) South Bend, Indiana	Mayor of South Bend, Indiana (2012–2020)	Indiana	April 14, 2019 Exploratory committee: January 23, 2019	March 1, 2020 (endorsed Biden)[104]	21	900,834 (2.72%)	1 (IA)	__________ Campaign FEC filing	[105][106]
Tom Steyer	June 27, 1957 (age 63) Manhattan, New York	Hedge fund manager Founder of Farallon Capital and Beneficial State Bank	California	July 9, 2019	February 29, 2020 (endorsed Biden as presumptive nominee)[107]	0	255,587 (0.77%)	0	__________ Campaign FEC filing	[108][109]
Deval Patrick	July 31, 1956 (age 63) Chicago, Illinois	Governor of Massachusetts (2007–2015)	Massachusetts	November 14, 2019	February 12, 2020 (endorsed Biden)[110]	0	25,218 (0.08%)	0	__________ Campaign FEC filing	[111][112]
Michael Bennet	November 28, 1964 (age 55) New Delhi, India	U.S. senator from Colorado (2009–present)	Colorado	May 2, 2019	February 11, 2020 (endorsed Biden as presumptive nominee)[113]	0	53,939 (0.16%)	0	__________ Campaign FEC filing	[114][115]
Andrew Yang	January 13, 1975 (age 45) Schenectady, New York	Entrepreneur Founder of Venture for America	New York	November 6, 2017	February 11, 2020 (endorsed Biden)[116]	0	148,808 (0.45%)	0	__________ Campaign FEC filing	[117][118]

Other notable individuals who did not meet the criteria to become major candidates also terminated their campaigns during the primaries:

Robby Wells, former college football coach; Independent candidate for president in 2016[119][120]
Sam Sloan, chess player and publisher[121] (Running for Congress in NY-14)

Other notable individuals who did not meet the criteria to become major candidates but still have active campaigns include:

Henry Hewes, real estate developer; Right to Life nominee for Mayor of New York City in 1989 and U.S. Senate from New York in 1994[122][121]

Withdrew before the primaries

Candidate	Born	Experience	State	Campaign announced	Campaign suspended	Popular vote	Article	Ref.
John Delaney	April 16, 1963 (age 57) Wood-Ridge, New Jersey	U.S. representative from MD-06 (2013–2019)	Maryland	July 28, 2017	January 31, 2020 (endorsed Biden)[123]	17,390	__________ Campaign FEC filing	[124][125]
Cory Booker	April 27, 1969 (age 51) Washington, D.C.	U.S. senator from New Jersey (2013–present) Mayor of Newark, New Jersey (2006–2013)	New Jersey	February 1, 2019	January 13, 2020 (running for re-election)[126] (endorsed Biden)[127]	31,573	__________ Campaign FEC filing	[128][129]
Marianne Williamson	July 8, 1952 (age 67) Houston, Texas	Author Founder of Project Angel Food Independent candidate for U.S. House from CA-33 in 2014	California	January 28, 2019 Exploratory committee: November 15, 2018	January 10, 2020 (endorsed Sanders)[130]	22,334	__________ Campaign FEC filing	[131][132]
Julián Castro	September 16, 1974 (age 45) San Antonio, Texas	Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (2014–2017) Mayor of San Antonio, Texas (2009–2014)	Texas	January 12, 2019 Exploratory committee: December 12, 2018	January 2, 2020 (endorsed Warren, then Biden as presumptive nominee)[133][134]	37,037	__________ Campaign FEC filing	[135][136]
Kamala Harris	October 20, 1964 (age 55) Oakland, California	U.S. senator from California (2017–present) Attorney General of California (2011–2017)	California	January 21, 2019	December 3, 2019 (endorsed Biden)[137]	844	__________ Campaign FEC filing	[138][139]
Steve Bullock	April 11, 1966 (age 54) Missoula, Montana	Governor of Montana (2013–present) Attorney General of Montana (2009–2013)	Montana	May 14, 2019	December 2, 2019 (running for U.S. Senate)[140]	549	__________ Campaign FEC filing	[141][142]
Joe Sestak	December 12, 1951 (age 68) Secane, Pennsylvania	U.S. representative from PA-07 (2007–2011) Former Vice Admiral of the United States Navy	Pennsylvania	June 23, 2019	December 1, 2019 (endorsed Klobuchar)[143]	5,251	Campaign FEC filing	[144][145]
Wayne Messam	June 7, 1974 (age 46) South Bay, Florida	Mayor of Miramar, Florida (2015–present)	Florida	March 28, 2019 Exploratory committee: March 13, 2019	November 19, 2019	0[lower-alpha 15]	__________ Campaign FEC filing	[146][147]
Beto O'Rourke	September 26, 1972 (age 47) El Paso, Texas	U.S. representative from TX-16 (2013–2019)	Texas	March 14, 2019	November 1, 2019 (endorsed Biden)[148]	1[lower-alpha 15][149]	__________ Campaign FEC filing	[150][151]
Tim Ryan	July 16, 1973 (age 46) Niles, Ohio	U.S. representative from OH-13 (2013–present) U.S. representative from OH-17 (2003–2013)	Ohio	April 4, 2019	October 24, 2019 (running for re-election)[152] (endorsed Biden)[153]	0[lower-alpha 15]	__________ Campaign FEC filing	[154][155]
Bill de Blasio	May 8, 1961 (age 59) Manhattan, New York	Mayor of New York City, New York (2014–present)	New York	May 16, 2019	September 20, 2019 (endorsed Sanders)[156]	0[lower-alpha 15]	__________ Campaign FEC filing	[157][158]
Kirsten Gillibrand	December 9, 1966 (age 53) Albany, New York	U.S. senator from New York (2009–present) U.S. representative from NY-20 (2007–2009)	New York	March 17, 2019 Exploratory committee: January 15, 2019	August 28, 2019 (endorsed Biden)[159]	0[lower-alpha 15]	__________ Campaign FEC filing	[160][161]
Seth Moulton	October 24, 1978 (age 41) Salem, Massachusetts	U.S. representative from MA-06 (2015–present)	Massachusetts	April 22, 2019	August 23, 2019 (running for re-election)[162] (endorsed Biden)[163]	0[lower-alpha 15]	__________ Campaign FEC filing	[164][165]
Jay Inslee	February 9, 1951 (age 69) Seattle, Washington	Governor of Washington (2013–present) U.S. representative from WA-01 (1999–2012) U.S. representative from WA-04 (1993–1995)	Washington	March 1, 2019	August 21, 2019 (running for re-election)[166] (endorsed Biden as presumptive nominee)[167]	1[lower-alpha 15][168]	__________ Campaign FEC filing	[169][170]
John Hickenlooper	February 7, 1952 (age 68) Narberth, Pennsylvania	Governor of Colorado (2011–2019) Mayor of Denver, Colorado (2003–2011)	Colorado	March 4, 2019	August 15, 2019 (running for U.S. Senate)[171] (endorsed Bennet, then Biden as presumptive nominee)[172][173]	1[lower-alpha 15][168]	__________ Campaign FEC filing	[174][175]
Mike Gravel	May 13, 1930 (age 90) Springfield, Massachusetts	U.S. senator from Alaska (1969–1981) Candidate for President in 2008 Candidate for Vice President in 1972	California	April 2, 2019 Exploratory committee: March 19, 2019	August 6, 2019 (endorsed Gabbard and Sanders, then Howie Hawkins)[176][177]	0[lower-alpha 15]	__________ Campaign FEC filing	[178][176]
Eric Swalwell	November 16, 1980 (age 39) Sac City, Iowa	U.S. representative from CA-15 (2013–present)	California	April 8, 2019	July 8, 2019[179] (running for re-election) (endorsed Biden)[180][181]	0[lower-alpha 15]	__________ Campaign FEC filing	[182][183]
Richard Ojeda	September 25, 1970 (age 49) Rochester, Minnesota	West Virginia state senator from WV-SD07 (2016–2019)	West Virginia	November 11, 2018	January 25, 2019 (running for U.S. Senate)[184] (endorsed Biden)[185]	0[lower-alpha 15]	Campaign FEC filing	[186][187]

The following notable individuals who did not meet the criteria to become major candidates also terminated their campaigns before the primaries:

Ben Gleib, actor, comedian, satirist, and writer[188][189][190]
Ami Horowitz, conservative activist and documentary filmmaker (endorsed Donald Trump)[191][192][193]
Brian Moore, activist; Green nominee for U.S. Senate from Florida in 2006; Socialist and Liberty Union nominee for president in 2008[121]
Ken Nwadike Jr., documentary filmmaker, motivational speaker, and peace activist[194][195]

Political positions

Debates and forums

In December 2018, the Democratic National Committee (DNC) announced the preliminary schedule for 12 official DNC-sanctioned debates, set to begin in June 2019, with six debates in 2019 and the remaining six during the first four months of 2020. Candidates are allowed to participate in forums featuring multiple other candidates as long as only one candidate appears on stage at a time; if candidates participate in any unsanctioned debate with other presidential candidates, they will lose their invitation to the next DNC-sanctioned debate.[196][197]

The DNC also announced that it would not partner with Fox News as a media sponsor for any debates.[198][199] Fox News had last held a Democratic debate in 2003.[200] All media sponsors selected to host a debate will as a new rule be required to appoint at least one female moderator for each debate, to ensure there will not be a gender-skewed treatment of the candidates and debate topics.[201]

Debate schedule
Debate	Date	Time (ET)	Viewers	Location	Sponsor(s)	Moderator(s)
1A	June 26, 2019	9–11 p.m.	~24.3 million (15.3m live TV; 9m streaming)[202]	Arsht Center, Miami, Florida[203]	NBC News MSNBC Telemundo	Jose Diaz-Balart Savannah Guthrie Lester Holt Rachel Maddow Chuck Todd[204]
1B	June 27, 2019	9–11 p.m.	~27.1 million (18.1m live TV; 9m streaming)[205]	Arsht Center, Miami, Florida[203]	NBC News MSNBC Telemundo
2A	July 30, 2019	8–10:30 p.m.	~11.5 million (8.7m live TV; 2.8m streaming)	Fox Theatre, Detroit, Michigan[206]	CNN	Dana Bash Don Lemon Jake Tapper[207]
2B	July 31, 2019[208]	8–10:30 p.m.	~13.8 million (10.7m live TV; 3.1m streaming)[209]	Fox Theatre, Detroit, Michigan[206]	CNN	Dana Bash Don Lemon Jake Tapper[207]
3	September 12, 2019	8–11 p.m.	14.04 million live TV[210]	Health and Physical Education Arena, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas[211]	ABC News Univision	Linsey Davis David Muir Jorge Ramos George Stephanopoulos[212]
4	October 15, 2019[213]	8–11 p.m.	~8.8 million (8.34m live TV; 0.45m streaming)[214]	Rike Physical Education Center, Otterbein University, Westerville, Ohio	CNN The New York Times[215]	Erin Burnett Anderson Cooper Marc Lacey[216]
5	November 20, 2019[217]	9–11 p.m.	~7.9 million (6.6m live TV; 1.3m streaming)[218]	Oprah Winfrey sound stage, Tyler Perry Studios, Atlanta, Georgia[219]	MSNBC The Washington Post	Rachel Maddow Andrea Mitchell Ashley Parker Kristen Welker[220]
6	December 19, 2019	8–11 p.m.[221]	~14.6 million (6.17m live TV; 8.4m streaming)[222]	Gersten Pavilion, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California[223]	PBS Politico	Tim Alberta Yamiche Alcindor Amna Nawaz Judy Woodruff[224]
7	January 14, 2020	9–11:15 p.m.[225]	~11.3 million (7.3m live TV; 4.0m streaming)[226]	Sheslow Auditorium, Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa[227][228]	CNN The Des Moines Register	Wolf Blitzer Brianne Pfannenstiel Abby Phillip[229]
8	February 7, 2020	8–10:30 p.m.[230]	~11.0 million (7.8m live TV; 3.2m streaming)[231]	Thomas F. Sullivan Arena, Saint Anselm College, Manchester, New Hampshire[227][232]	ABC News WMUR-TV Apple News	Linsey Davis Monica Hernandez David Muir Adam Sexton George Stephanopoulos[230]
9	February 19, 2020	9–11 p.m.[233]	~33.16 million (19.66m live TV; 13.5m streaming)[234][235][236]	Le Théâtre des Arts, Paris Las Vegas, Paradise, Nevada[233]	NBC News MSNBC Telemundo The Nevada Independent	Vanessa Hauc Lester Holt Hallie Jackson Jon Ralston Chuck Todd[233]
10	February 25, 2020	8–10 p.m.[237]	~30.4 million (15.3m live TV; 15.1m streaming)[238]	Gaillard Center, Charleston, South Carolina[227]	CBS News BET Twitter Congressional Black Caucus Institute[239]	Margaret Brennan Major Garrett Gayle King Norah O'Donnell Bill Whitaker[239]
11	March 15, 2020	8–10 p.m.[240]	~11.4 million (10.8m live TV; 0.6m streaming)[241]	CNN studio Washington, D.C.[242]	CNN Univision Congressional Hispanic Caucus BOLD	Dana Bash Ilia Calderón Jake Tapper[242]

Primary election polling

The following graph depicts the standing of each candidate in the poll aggregators from December 2018 to April 2020.

Timeline

	Presumptive nominee
	Exploratory committee
	Suspended campaign
	Midterm elections
	Iowa caucuses
	New Hampshire primary
	South Carolina primary
	Super Tuesday
	National emergency declared due to coronavirus
	Wisconsin primary
	General election

2017

Rep. John Delaney was the first major candidate to announce his campaign, two and a half years before the 2020 Iowa caucus.

Entrepreneur Andrew Yang was the second major Democratic candidate to announce his campaign.

Rep. Tulsi Gabbard became the first major female candidate to announce her candidacy on January 11, 2019.

Sen. Kamala Harris launched her bid on January 21, 2019.

Sen. Cory Booker launched his bid on February 1, 2019.

Sen. Elizabeth Warren launched her bid on February 9, 2019.

Sen. Amy Klobuchar launched her bid on February 10, 2019.

Sen. Bernie Sanders launched his second campaign on February 19, 2019.

Governor Jay Inslee launched his presidential bid on March 1, 2019, becoming the first incumbent governor to do so.

Former Rep. Beto O'Rourke launched his bid on March 14, 2019.

Mayor Pete Buttigieg launched his bid on April 14, 2019.

In the weeks following the election of Donald Trump in the 2016 election, media speculation regarding potential candidates for the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries began to circulate. As the Senate began confirmation hearings for members of the cabinet, speculation centered on the prospects of the "hell-no caucus", six senators who went on to vote against the majority of Trump's nominees. According to Politico, the members of the "hell-no caucus" were Cory Booker, Kamala Harris, Kirsten Gillibrand, Bernie Sanders, Jeff Merkley, and Elizabeth Warren.[243][244] Other speculation centered on then-Vice-President Joe Biden making a third presidential bid following failed attempts in 1988 and 2008.[245]

July 28: Representative John Delaney of Maryland announced his candidacy in an op-ed in The Washington Post,[124] which broke the record for earliest major candidacy declaration in history.[246]
November 6: Tech entrepreneur Andrew Yang of New York announced his candidacy.[247]

2018

In August 2018, Democratic Party officials and television networks began discussions as to the nature and scheduling of the following year's debates and the nomination process.[248] Changes were made to the role of superdelegates, deciding to allow them to vote on the first ballot only if the nomination is uncontested.[249] The Democratic National Committee (DNC) announced the preliminary schedule for the 12 official DNC-sanctioned debates, set to begin in June 2019, with six debates in 2019 and the remaining six during the first four months of 2020.

November 2018

November 6: The 2018 midterm elections were held. The election was widely characterized as a "blue wave" election. Mass canvassing, voter registration drives and deep engagement techniques drove turnout high. Despite this, eventual presidential candidates U.S. Representative Beto O'Rourke of Texas and State Senator Richard Ojeda of West Virginia both lost their respective races.[250]
November 11: Former state senator Richard Ojeda of West Virginia announced his candidacy.[251]

December 2018

December 31: U.S. Senator Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts announced the formation of an exploratory committee to run for president.[252]

2019

Former Vice President Joe Biden launched his third campaign on April 25, 2019.

Rep. Eric Swalwell became the first representative to suspend their campaign following the first debate on July 8, 2019.

Billionaire hedge fund manager Tom Steyer launched his campaign on July 9, 2019.

Former Governor John Hickenlooper suspended his campaign on August 15, 2019 and subsequently launched a bid for the United States Senate. He later endorsed Michael Bennet.

Kirsten Gillibrand became the first incumbent Senator and first female major candidate to suspend her campaign on August 28, 2019.

Mayor Bill de Blasio suspended his campaign on September 20, 2019 and endorsed Bernie Sanders after the New Hampshire primary.

Rep. Tim Ryan suspended his campaign on October 24, 2019 and subsequently endorsed Joe Biden.

Former Mayor Michael Bloomberg launched his campaign via video on November 24, 2019.

Governor Steve Bullock suspended his campaign and declined to run for the United States Senate on December 2, 2019. He later reversed his decision and challenged Senator Steve Daines after meeting with Barack Obama and Chuck Schumer.

Former HUD Secretary Julian Castro suspended his campaign on January 2, 2020 and subsequently endorsed Elizabeth Warren.

Spiritual author Marianne Williamson suspended her campaign on January 10, 2020 and subsequently endorsed Bernie Sanders.

Sen. Michael Bennet suspended his campaign on February 11, 2020, after the polls closed in the New Hampshire primary.

Former Governor Deval Patrick suspended his campaign on February 12, 2020, prior to the Nevada caucus.

Former Mayor Michael Bloomberg suspended his campaign on March 4, 2020 after a distant third place finish on Super Tuesday.

January 2019

January 11: U.S. Representative Tulsi Gabbard of Hawaii announced her candidacy during an interview on The Van Jones Show.[253]
January 12: Former United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Julian Castro officially announced his candidacy at a rally in San Antonio, Texas.[254]
January 15: Senator Kirsten Gillibrand of New York announced the formation of an exploratory committee during an interview on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert.[255]
January 21: Senator Kamala Harris of California announced her candidacy during an interview on Good Morning America.[256]
January 23: Mayor Pete Buttigieg of South Bend, Indiana, formed an exploratory committee.[257]
January 25: Richard Ojeda dropped out of the race.[258]
January 28: Williamson announced her candidacy at a rally in Los Angeles, California.[131]

February 2019

February 1: Senator Cory Booker of New Jersey announced his candidacy.[128]
February 9: Warren formally announced her candidacy at a rally in Lawrence, Massachusetts.[259]
February 10: Senator Amy Klobuchar of Minnesota announced her candidacy at a rally in Minneapolis, Minnesota.[103]
February 19: Senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont announced his candidacy via an email to supporters and appeared on Vermont Public Radio as well as CBS This Morning as part of his campaign launch.[260]

March 2019

March 1: Governor Jay Inslee of Washington announced his candidacy.[261]
March 4: Former governor John Hickenlooper of Colorado announced his candidacy.[262]
March 11: The DNC announced Milwaukee, Wisconsin, as the site of the 2020 Democratic National Convention.[263]
March 13: Mayor Wayne Messam of Miramar, Florida, formed an exploratory committee.[146]
March 14: Former Representative Beto O'Rourke of Texas announced his candidacy.[150]
March 17: Gillibrand formally announced her candidacy via an online video.[264]
March 19: An exploratory committee was formed on behalf of former Senator Mike Gravel of Alaska.[265]
March 28: Messam formally announced his candidacy in an online video.[146]

April 2019

April 1: The We the People Membership Summit was held in Warner Theatre, Washington, D.C. by the Center for Popular Democracy Action, Communications Workers of America, Planned Parenthood Action Fund, Service Employees International Union, SEIU 32BJ, Sierra Club. Issues like democracy reform were discussed.[266][267]
April 4: Representative Tim Ryan of Ohio announced his candidacy and appeared on The View as part of a campaign launch.[268]
April 8:
- Mike Gravel formally announced his candidacy in an online video.[269]
- Representative Eric Swalwell of California announced his candidacy during an interview on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert.[182]
April 14: Pete Buttigieg announced his candidacy at a rally in South Bend, Indiana.[105]
April 22: Representative Seth Moulton of Massachusetts announced his candidacy in an online video.[164]
April 24: The She the People Presidential Forum was held at Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas by She the People. Issues affecting women of color were discussed.[270][271]
April 25: Former Vice President Joe Biden of Delaware announced his candidacy in an online video.[89] Biden holds kickoff fundraiser at home of Comcast executive David Cohen.[272]
April 27: The National Forum on Wages and Working People: Creating an Economy that Works for All was held at Enclave, Las Vegas, Nevada by the Service Employees International Union and the Center for American Progress Action Fund. Economic issues affecting low-income Americans were discussed.[273][274]

May 2019

May 2: Senator Michael Bennet of Colorado announced his candidacy during an interview on CBS This Morning.[114]
May 14: Governor Steve Bullock of Montana announced his candidacy in an online video.[141][275]
May 16: Mayor Bill de Blasio of New York City announced his candidacy in an online video[276][277] and appeared on Good Morning America as part of a campaign launch.[157]

June 2019

June 1: The Big Ideas Forum was held at Warfield Theatre, San Francisco, California by MoveOn. Ideas that could inspire voters and transform the country were discussed.[278][279]
May 31 – June 2: The California State Democratic Convention, a major "cattle call" event attended by most major candidates, took place in San Francisco.[280][281]
June 9: Iowa Democrats' Hall of Fame Dinner, a "cattle call" event featuring 19 candidates, took place at the DoubleTree Hilton Hotel and Convention Center in Cedar Rapids, IA.[282]
June 13: The Democratic National Committee announced that 20 candidates will participate in the first official debate on June 26–27.[283]
June 17: The Poor People's Campaign Presidential Forum was held at Trinity Washington University, Washington, D.C. by Poor People's Campaign. Issues affecting low-income Americans were discussed.[284][285]
June 21: The NALEO Presidential Candidate Forum was held at Telemundo Center, Miami, Florida by the NALEO. Issues affecting Hispanic and Latino Americans were discussed.[286][287]
June 22:
- Former Representative Joe Sestak of Pennsylvania announced his candidacy with a midnight campaign website launch.[288]
- The South Carolina Democratic Party Convention was held at the Columbia Convention Center, Columbia, South Carolina by the South Carolina Democratic Party.[289][290]
- The We Decide: 2020 Election Membership Forum was held at the University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina by the Planned Parenthood Action Fund. Reproductive health care and reproductive rights were discussed.[291][292]
June 26: The first part of the first official debate was held in Miami, Florida.[293]
June 27: The second part of the first official debate was held in Miami, Florida.[293]

July 2019

July 5: The Strong Public Schools Presidential Forum was held at the George R. Brown Convention Center, Houston, Texas by the National Education Association. Issues affecting education and public schools were discussed.[294][295]
July 8: Eric Swalwell dropped out of the race[183] and announced he would run for re-election to his seat in the House of Representatives in 2020.[296]
July 9: Billionaire hedge fund manager Tom Steyer announced his candidacy in an online video.[108]
July 15–17 and 19–20, 2019: The Iowa Presidential Candidate Forums were held in Des Moines, Davenport, Cedar Rapids, Sioux City, and Council Bluffs by AARP and The Des Moines Register. Issues affecting older voters in Iowa were discussed.[297]
July 24: The NAACP 2020 Presidential Candidates Forum was held in Detroit, Michigan.[298]
July 30: The first part of the second official debate was held in Detroit, Michigan.[299]
July 31: The second part of the second official debate was held in Detroit, Michigan.[300]

August 2019

August 3: The Public Service Forum was held at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, by AFSCME and the HuffPost. Public service, trade unions, labor rights, and the economy were discussed.[301]
August 6: Mike Gravel dropped out of the race.[176]
August 10: The Gun Sense Forum was held in Des Moines, Iowa by Everytown for Gun Safety and Moms Demand Action. Gun violence was discussed.[302]
August 15: John Hickenlooper dropped out of the race, later announcing a campaign for Colorado's Class 2 United States Senate seat up for election in 2020.[303]
August 8–11, August 13, and August 17, 2019: The Des Moines Register Political Soapbox was held at the Iowa State Fair, Des Moines, Iowa by the Des Moines Register. Attending candidates provided 20-minute speeches on their political platforms.[304]
August 19–20, 2019: The Frank LaMere Native American Presidential Forum was held at Orpheum Theater, Sioux City, Iowa by Four Directions, Native Organizers Alliance, National Congress of American Indians, Native American Rights Fund, Coalition of Large Tribes, and Great Plains Tribal Chairmen's Association.[305]
August 21: Jay Inslee dropped out of the race and announced a campaign for re-election as Governor of Washington in 2020.[170]
August 23: Seth Moulton dropped out of the race[165] and announced he would run for re-election to his seat in the House of Representatives in 2020.[296]
August 28: Kirsten Gillibrand dropped out of the race.[161]

September 2019

September 4: A Climate Crisis Town Hall was held by CNN at New York City, New York. Global warming was discussed.[306]
September 7: The New Hampshire Democratic Party State Convention was held at Southern New Hampshire University Arena in Manchester, New Hampshire. 19 candidates were in attendance and addressed the delegates and voters.[307]
September 12: The third official debate took place in Houston, Texas at Texas Southern University,[308] aired on ABC and Univision.[309]
September 17: The Workers' Presidential Summit was held at the Pennsylvania Convention Center in Philadelphia, PA by the Philadelphia Council AFL-CIO. Issues affecting labor unions and union workers were discussed.[310]
September 19–20: A Climate Forum was held at Gaston Hall, Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., sponsored by MSNBC, Georgetown University, and Our Daily Planet.[311]
September 20:
- Bill de Blasio dropped out of the race.[158]
- An LGBTQ forum was held in the Sinclair Auditorium at Coe College in Cedar Rapids, IA by One Iowa, The Advocate, and GLAAD. LGBTQ rights were discussed.[312]
September 21: The Iowa People's Presidential Forum was held at the Iowa Events Centre in Des Moines, Iowa by Iowa Citizens for Community Improvement Action Fund and People's Action. Healthcare, green energy and education were discussed.[313]
September 22: A Youth Forum was held in Des Moines, Iowa by Des Moines Public Schools and the Des Moines Register. Students and youth issues were discussed.[314]

October 2019

October 2: A Gun Safety Forum was held in Las Vegas, Nevada by Giffords and March for Our Lives. Gun violence was discussed.[315]
October 10: An LGBTQ Forum was held at The Novo in Los Angeles, California by the Human Rights Campaign and UCLA. LGBTQ rights were discussed.[316][317]
October 15: The fourth official debate took place at Otterbein University in Westerville, Ohio,[318][319] aired on CNN. The debate featured 12 candidates, setting a record for the highest number of candidates in one presidential debate.[320][321]
October 24: Tim Ryan dropped out of the race[322] and announced he would run for re-election to his seat in the House of Representatives in 2020.[152]
October 26–27: The Collegiate Bipartisan Presidential forum was held at Benedict College in Columbia, SC by Mayor Steve Benjamin and Benedict College. Students' interests, criminal justice reform and racial justice were discussed.[323]

November 2019

November 1:
- Beto O'Rourke dropped out of the race.[151]
- The Liberty and Justice Celebration was held at Wells Fargo Arena in Des Moines, IA by the Iowa Democratic Party. Candidates performed 12-minute speeches covering their political platforms.[324][325]
November 8: Former New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg prepared to enter the race by filing for ballot access in Alabama.[326]
November 14: Former Governor of Massachusetts Deval Patrick entered the race by announcing his candidacy.[111]
November 16: The California Democratic Party Fall Endorsing Convention Forum was held at Long Beach Arena, Long Beach, California by the California Democratic Party/Univision. Latino issues were discussed.[327]
November 17: The Nevada State Democratic Party's First In The West "cattle call" event was held at the Bellagio Hotel in Las Vegas, NV.[328]
November 19: Wayne Messam dropped out of the race.[329]
November 20: The fifth Democratic debate took place in Atlanta, Georgia at Tyler Perry Studios, co-hosted by MSNBC and The Washington Post.[330]
November 21: Michael Bloomberg formed an exploratory committee.[331]
November 24: Michael Bloomberg announced his candidacy with a website launch.[332]

December 2019

December 1: Joe Sestak dropped out of the race.[145]
December 2: Steve Bullock dropped out of the race.[142]
December 3: Kamala Harris dropped out of the race.[139]
December 7: The Teamsters Union Forum was held by the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, the Storm Lake Times and The Guardian at the Veteran's Auditorium in Cedar Rapids, IA. Workers' rights and the Teamsters three-point pledge were discussed.[333]
December 14: The Public Education Forum 2020 was held at the David L. Lawrence Convention Center in Pittsburgh, PA by the American Federation of Teachers, the National Educational Association and the Alliance to Reclaim Our Schools. Education was discussed.[334]
December 19: The sixth Democratic debate took place in Los Angeles, California, at Loyola Marymount University.[335]

2020

January 2020

January 2: Julián Castro dropped out of the race.[336] He later endorsed Elizabeth Warren's campaign.[133]
January 10: Marianne Williamson dropped out of the race.[132] She later endorsed Sanders.[130]
January 13: Booker dropped out of the race.[337]
January 14: The seventh Democratic debate took place in Des Moines, Iowa, at Drake University.[227]
January 17: The first votes were cast as no-excuse, in-person absentee voting in the Minnesota primary began.[338]
January 31: Delaney dropped out of the race.[339]

February 2020

February 3: The Iowa caucuses took place, but inconsistencies reported in the caucus results delayed reporting of the outcome.[340][341]
February 4–7: Results were released in the Iowa caucuses that showed Buttigieg leading in state delegate equivalents, and Sanders winning a plurality of first-alignment and final-alignment votes. The reporting delays, errors, and inconsistencies surrounding the caucuses prompted DNC Chairman Tom Perez and both campaigns to call for a recanvass. On February 27, 2020, following several recounts and a recanvass, Buttigieg retained his lead in state delegate equivalents, and the Iowa Democratic Party declared him the official winner, becoming the first openly gay candidate of a major political party to win a presidential primary contest. Sanders won a plurality of first-alignment and final-alignment votes.[342] Warren came in third, Biden came in fourth and Klobuchar came in fifth.
February 7: The eighth Democratic debate took place in Goffstown, New Hampshire at St. Anselm College.[227]
February 11: New Hampshire primary
- Sanders was announced as the winner of the New Hampshire primary, with 26% of the vote.[343] Buttigieg (24%, 2nd) and Klobuchar (20%, 3rd) were the only other candidates to receive delegates; Warren (9%, 4th) and Biden (8%, 5th) finished below the delegate threshold.[344]
- Bennet and Yang dropped out of the race.[345][346]
February 12: Patrick dropped out of the race.[112]
February 14: De Blasio endorsed Sanders.[347]
February 15–17: The Moving America Forward Infrastructure Forum was held at University of Nevada, Las Vegas, by the IUOE, ASCE, TWUA, ARTBA, APTA, AEM, and other groups. Infrastructure policy was discussed, with a focus on transportation, water, and broadband issues.[348]
February 19: The ninth Democratic debate took place in Las Vegas, Nevada.[227]
February 21: Voting in the Washington primary began.[349]
February 22: Nevada caucuses
- With almost 47% of the county convention delegates, Sanders was announced as the winner of the Nevada caucuses.[350] Biden finished second (20%), Buttigieg third (14%), Warren fourth (10%), and Steyer fifth (5%).[351]
February 24: Voting in the Colorado primary began.[352]
- Williamson endorsed Sanders.[353]
February 25: The tenth Democratic debate took place in Charleston, South Carolina at the Gaillard Center.[227]
February 29: South Carolina primary
- With 48% of the popular vote, Biden was announced as the winner of the South Carolina primary.[354] Sanders came in second (20%), with Steyer 3rd (11%), Buttigieg 4th (8%), and Warren 5th (7%).[355]
- Steyer dropped out of the race.[356]

March 2020

March 1: Buttigieg dropped out of the race.[357]
March 2: Klobuchar dropped out of the race.[358]
- Buttigieg, Klobuchar, and O'Rourke endorsed Biden during an evening rally in Texas.[359]
March 3: Super Tuesday: Alabama, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Maine, Massachusetts, Minnesota, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont and Virginia primaries; American Samoa caucus.
- Biden won Alabama, Arkansas, Massachusetts, Maine, Minnesota, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia.
- Bloomberg won American Samoa.
- Sanders won California, Colorado, Utah, and Vermont.
- Voting in the Democrats Abroad primary began.[360]
March 4: Bloomberg dropped out of the race, endorsing Biden.[361]
March 5: Warren dropped out of the race.[362]
March 6: Delaney endorsed Biden.[363]
March 8: Harris endorsed Biden.[364]
March 9: Booker endorsed Biden.[365]
March 10: Idaho, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri and Washington primaries; North Dakota caucus.
- Biden won Idaho, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, and Washington.
- Sanders won North Dakota.
- Yang endorsed Biden.[366]
March 13: A national emergency was declared due to the coronavirus pandemic.[367] Following this, several presidential primaries were rescheduled (including Kentucky[368] and Louisiana[369]), and candidates limited in-person events.
March 14: Sanders won Northern Mariana Islands.[370]
March 15: The 11th Democratic debate, originally scheduled to take place in Phoenix, Arizona,[371] took place in Washington, D.C. due to coronavirus concerns.[372][373]
March 16: Ohio announced that it intended to postpone its presidential primary, a plan that was struck down by a judge that same day.[374] Following the judge's decision, Ohio Governor Mike DeWine announced that polls would be closed by order of Ohio Health Director Amy Acton due to a "health emergency." State officials sought to extend the voting process.[375]
March 17: Arizona, Florida, and Illinois primaries.[375]
- Biden won Arizona, Florida,[376] and Illinois.[377]
March 19: Gabbard dropped out of the race, endorsing Biden.[378] Connecticut rescheduled its primary from April 28 to June 2.[379]
March 23: Sanders won Democrats Abroad.[380]
March 28: The New York primary was rescheduled from April 28 to June 23 due to coronavirus concerns.[381]

April 2020

April 7: Wisconsin primary
April 8:
- Sanders dropped out of the race, and Biden became the presumptive presidential nominee.[382]
- The New Jersey primary was moved from June 2 to July 7 due to coronavirus concerns.[85]
April 10: Mail-in voting period ends for Alaska party-run primary.
April 11: Biden won Alaska.[383]
April 13:
- Sanders endorsed Biden.[384]
- Biden won Wisconsin.[385]
April 14:
- Former President Barack Obama endorsed Biden.[386]
- Louisiana rescheduled its primary election for the second time, moving the date from June 20 to July 11.[70]
April 15: Warren endorsed Biden.[387]
April 17: Mail-in voting period ends for Wyoming caucus. Connecticut rescheduled its primary again, from June 2 to August 11.[79]
April 19: Biden won Wyoming.[388]
April 22: Inslee endorsed Biden.[389]
April 27:
- Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi endorsed Biden.[390]
- New York canceled its primary.[75] Democratic Chairman Jay Jacobs said it was unknown how New York would count delegates heading into the Democratic Convention.[391]
April 28:
- Mail-in voting period ends for Ohio primary.
- Hillary Clinton endorsed Biden.[392]
- Biden won Ohio.[393]
April 29: Voting for the Oregon primary begins.[394]
April 30: Biden announced his vice-presidential selection committee.[395]

May 2020

May 2: Biden won Kansas.[396]
May 4: Oral arguments in New York primary cancellation suit.[397]
May 5: A federal judge ruled that the New York primary must proceed on June 23, 2020, as previously scheduled.[76]
May 12: Biden won Nebraska.[398]
May 19: Biden won Oregon.[399]
May 22: Biden won Hawaii.[400]

June 2020

June 2: Biden won the District of Columbia,[401] Indiana,[402] Maryland,[403] Montana,[404] New Mexico,[405] Pennsylvania,[406] Rhode Island,[407] and South Dakota.[408]
June 5: As votes continued to be counted in the June 2 races, the Associated Press estimated that Biden had passed the 1,991 delegate threshold to secure the nomination at the 2020 Democratic National Convention.[12]
June 6
- Biden won Guam.[14]
- Biden officially passed the 1,991 delegate threshold to secure the nomination at the 2020 Democratic National Convention.[13][14]
June 8: Biden won the Virgin Islands.[409]
June 9: Biden won Georgia[410] and West Virginia.[411]
June 23: Biden won New York[412] and Kentucky.[413]

July 2020

July 7: Delaware and New Jersey primaries
July 11: Louisiana primary
July 12: Puerto Rico primary

August 2020

August 11: Connecticut primary[79]
August 17–20: Democratic National Convention, in which delegates of the Democratic Party will choose the party's nominees for president and vice president in the general election[414]

Ballot access

Filing for the primaries began in October 2019.[415][416] indicates that the candidate is on the ballot for the primary contest, indicates that the candidate is a recognized write-in candidate, and indicates that the candidate will not appear on the ballot in that state's contest. indicates that a candidate withdrew before the election but is still listed on the ballot.

Primaries and caucuses
State/ Territory	Date	Biden	Other	Ref
IA[lower-roman 1]	Feb 3	Ballot access not required		[417]
NH	Feb 11		[upper-alpha 1]	[121][418]
NV[lower-roman 1]	Feb 22		[upper-alpha 2]	[419]
SC	Feb 29		[upper-alpha 3]	[420]
AL	Mar 3		[upper-alpha 4]	[421]
AR	Mar 3		[upper-alpha 5]	[422]
AS[lower-roman 1]	Mar 3		[upper-alpha 6]	[423]
CA	Mar 3		[upper-alpha 7]	[424]
CO	Mar 3		[upper-alpha 8]	[425][426]
ME	Mar 3		[upper-alpha 9]	[427]
MA	Mar 3		[upper-alpha 4]	[428]
MN	Mar 3		[upper-alpha 4]	[429]
NC	Mar 3		[upper-alpha 4]	[430]
OK	Mar 3		[upper-alpha 10]	[431]
TN	Mar 3		[upper-alpha 11]	[432][433]
TX	Mar 3		[upper-alpha 12]	[434]
UT	Mar 3		[upper-alpha 13]	[435]
VT	Mar 3		[upper-alpha 14]	[436]
VA	Mar 3		[upper-alpha 10]	[437]
DA	Mar 10			[438]
ID	Mar 10		[upper-alpha 15]	[439]
MI	Mar 10		[upper-alpha 16]	[440]
MS	Mar 10			[441]
MO	Mar 10		[upper-alpha 17]	[442]
ND[lower-roman 1]	Mar 10		[upper-alpha 2]	[443]
WA	Mar 10		[upper-alpha 3]	[444]
MP[lower-roman 1]	Mar 14			[445][446]
AZ	Mar 17		[upper-alpha 18]	[447]
FL	Mar 17		[upper-alpha 16]	[448]
IL	Mar 17		[upper-alpha 3]	[449]
WI	Apr 7		[upper-alpha 2]	[450]
AK	Apr 10			[451][452]
WY[lower-roman 1]	Apr 17			[453]
OH	Apr 28			[454][455]
KS	May 2			[456]
NE	May 12			[457]
OR	May 19			[458]
HI	May 22		[upper-alpha 2]	[459]
DC	Jun 2			[460]
IN	Jun 2			[461]
MD	Jun 2		[upper-alpha 10]	[462]
MT	Jun 2			[463]
NM	Jun 2			[464]
PA	Jun 2			[465]
RI	Jun 2			[466]
SD	Jun 2			[467]
GU[lower-roman 1]	Jun 6	Ballot access not required		[468]
VI[lower-roman 1]	Jun 6			[469]
GA	Jun 9		[upper-alpha 2]	[470]
WV	Jun 9		[upper-alpha 19]	[471]
KY	Jun 23			[472]
NY	Jun 23			[473]
DE	Jul 7			[474]
NJ	Jul 7			[475]
LA	Jul 11		[upper-alpha 20]	[476]
PR	Jul 12			[477][478]
CT	Aug 11			[479]

Candidates listed in italics have suspended their campaigns.

Cory Booker, Mosie Boyd, Steve Bullock, Steve Burke, Julián Castro, Roque De La Fuente III, John Delaney, Jason Dunlap, Michael A. Ellinger, Ben Gleib, Mark Greenstein, Kamala Harris, Henry Hewes, Tom Koos, Lorenz Kraus, Rita Krichevsky, Raymond Moroz, Joe Sestak, Sam Sloan, David Thistle, Thomas Torgeson, Robby Wells, and Marianne Williamson
John Delaney
Cory Booker and John Delaney
Cory Booker, Julián Castro, John Delaney, and Marianne Williamson
Cory Booker, Mosie Boyd, Steve Bullock, Julián Castro, John Delaney, Kamala Harris, Joe Sestak, and Marianne Williamson
Kamala Harris
Cory Booker, Mosie Boyd, Julián Castro, Roque De La Fuente III, John Delaney, Michael A. Ellinger, Mark Greenstein, Joe Sestak, and Marianne Williamson
Cory Booker, Rita Krichevsky, Robby Wells, and Marianne Williamson
Cory Booker and Marianne Williamson
Cory Booker, Julián Castro, and Marianne Williamson
Cory Booker, Julián Castro, John Delaney, and Marianne Williamson
Cory Booker, Julián Castro, Roque De La Fuente III, John Delaney, Robby Wells, and Marianne Williamson
Nathan Bloxham, Cory Booker, Julián Castro, Roque De La Fuente III, and Marianne Williamson
Julián Castro, Mark Greenstein, and Marianne Williamson
Cory Booker, Steve Burke, Julián Castro, Roque De La Fuente III, John Delaney, and Marianne Williamson
Cory Booker, Julián Castro, John Delaney, Joe Sestak, and Marianne Williamson
Cory Booker, Steve Burke, Julián Castro, Roque De La Fuente III, John Delaney, Bill Haas, Henry Hewes, Leonard J. Steinman II, Velma Steinman, Robby Wells, and Marianne Williamson
Cory Booker, Julián Castro, Roque De La Fuente III, John Delaney, Michael A. Ellinger, Henry Hewes, and Marianne Williamson
David Lee Rice
John Delaney and Robby Wells

National convention

The 2020 Democratic National Convention was scheduled to take place in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, on July 13–16, 2020,[480][481][482] but was postponed to the week of August 17 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[7][414]

In addition to Milwaukee, the DNC also considered bids from three other cities: Houston, Texas;[483] Miami Beach, Florida;[484] and Denver, Colorado. Denver, though, was immediately withdrawn from consideration by representatives for the city, who cited scheduling conflicts.[485]

Endorsements

Campaign finance

This is an overview of the money being raised and spent by each campaign for the entire period running from January 1, 2017, to March 31, 2020, as it was reported to the Federal Election Commission (FEC). Total raised is the sum of all individual contributions (large and small), loans from the candidate, and transfers from other campaign committees. The last column, Cash On Hand (COH), has been calculated by subtracting the "spent" amount from the "raised" amount, thereby showing the remaining cash each campaign had available for its future spending as of February 29, 2020. As of February 29, 2020, the major candidates have raised $989,234,992.08.

Candidate who has withdrawn

Campaign finances by candidate
Candidate	Total raised	Individual contributions			Debt	Spent	COH
Candidate	Total raised	Total	Unitemized	Pct	Debt	Spent	COH
Joe Biden[486]	$134,790,836	$134,425,574	$53,187,451	39.57%	$0	$108,403,972	$26,386,865
Michael Bennet[487]	$7,514,313	$6,795,438	$2,336,988	34.39%	$0	$7,343,017	$171,295
Michael Bloomberg[488]	$1,062,963,445	$916,332	$847,932	92.54%	$14,789,537	$1,051,783,859	$11,179,585
Cory Booker[489]	$26,022,021	$22,780,231	$7,706,938	33.83%	$848,391	$25,697,926	$324,095
Steve Bullock[490]	$5,513,606	$5,489,635	$1,753,850	31.95%	$0	$5,426,704	$86,902
Pete Buttigieg[491]	$102,739,747	$101,397,049	$43,744,949	43.14%	$2,726,793	$96,727,933	$6,011,814
Julian Castro[492]	$10,302,020	$10,264,194	$6,620,621	64.50%	$0	$9,740,367	$561,654
Bill de Blasio[493]	$1,423,279	$1,423,240	$142,001	9.98%	$100,351	$1,418,570	$4,709
John Delaney[494]	$29,438,502	$2,582,672	$346,526	13.42%	$1,493,250	$29,418,380	$42,165
Tulsi Gabbard[495]	$15,101,213	$12,423,632	$7,104,998	57.19%	$93,239	$14,461,004	$640,210
Kirsten Gillibrand[496]	$15,951,202	$6,278,790	$1,979,345	31.52%	$0	$14,493,053	$1,458,149
Mike Gravel[497]	$330,059	$330,059	$322,076	97.58%	$0	$249,480	$2,544
Kamala Harris[498]	$41,077,632	$39,259,853	$15,720,913	40.04%	$1,070,014	$40,741,479	$336,153
John Hickenlooper[499]	$3,509,495	$3,352,659	$562,301	16.77%	$0	$3,509,495	$0
Amy Klobuchar[500]	$53,957,026	$49,878,773	$22,256,527	44.62%	$0	$51,675,390	$2,281,636
Jay Inslee[501]	$6,942,575	$6,911,292	$3,455,790	50.00%	$0	$6,895,255	$47,319
Wayne Messam[502]	$126,918	$124,318	$38,835	31.24%	$81,876	$126,918	$0
Seth Moulton[503]	$2,292,043	$1,498,825	$342,499	22.85%	$216,528	$2,285,828	$6,214
Richard Ojeda[504]	$119,478	$77,476	$48,742	62.91%	$44,373	$117,507	$1,971
Beto O'Rourke[505]	$18,533,565	$18,448,678	$9,436,714	51.15%	$10,825	$18,251,127	$282,439
Deval Patrick[506]	$3,105,910	$2,670,871	$271,909	10.18%	$250,000	$3,041,852	$64,058
Tim Ryan[507]	$1,341,246	$1,285,074	$435,025	33.85%	$0	$1,340,943	$304
Bernie Sanders[508]	$214,887,421	$201,327,757	$114,214,155	56.73%	$0	$204,090,570	$16,252,830
Joe Sestak[509]	$449,345	$440,127	$107,003	24.31%	$0	$445,768	$3,577
Tom Steyer[510]	$347,533,363	$3,719,361	$2,505,879	67.37%	$24,000	$347,268,261	$265,219
Eric Swalwell[511]	$2,604,856	$892,373	$340,385	38.14%	$0	$2,604,856	$0
Elizabeth Warren[512]	$128,442,944	$115,863,061	$66,516,352	57.41%	$1,295,996	$123,908,764	$4,534,180
Marianne Williamson[513]	$8,218,677	$8,209,773	$4,698,946	57.24%	$238,180	$8,146,249	$72,428
Andrew Yang[514]	$41,802,018	$41,141,162	$20,455,232	49.72%	$2,010	$41,286,953	$604,061

Maps

Democratic primary and caucus calendar as of March 12, 2020, prior to a number of delays
  February
  March 3 (Super Tuesday)
  March 10
  March 14–17
  March 24–29
  April 4–7
  April 28
  May
  June

Democratic primary and caucus calendar by currently scheduled date, after delays due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
  February
  March 3 (Super Tuesday)
  March 10
  March 14–17
  April 7–17
  April 28
  May
  June
  July–August

Map legend
Joe Biden
Michael Bloomberg
Pete Buttigieg
Amy Klobuchar
Bernie Sanders
Tom Steyer
Elizabeth Warren
Tie
Other
Winner not yet declared

Results by county according to first determining step relevant for delegate allocation. In Iowa, this is State Delegate Equivalents (SDEs) elected at precinct caucuses; in Nevada, this is County Convention Delegates (CCDs). In other states, this is the popular vote for each candidate.
Results by delegate district (usually congressional district) by first preference vote. Darker colors denote greater support for the leading candidate.

Notes

The overall number of pledged delegates is subject to change as possible penalties are not yet included.[1]
2,376 of 4,750 delegates needed to win any subsequent ballots at a contested convention.[1] The number of extra unpledged delegates (superdelegates), who after the first ballot at a contested convention participate in any subsequently needed nominating ballots (together with the 3,979 pledged delegates), was expected to be 771 as of December 2019, but the exact number of superdelegates is still subject to change due to possible deaths, resignations, accessions, or potential election as a pledged delegate.[1]
Prior to the electoral reforms that took effect starting with the 1972 presidential elections, the Democrats used elite-run state conventions to choose convention delegates in two-thirds of the states, and candidates for the presidential nominee could be elected at the national convention of the party without needing to participate in any prior statewide election events.[23] Twenty-nine Democratic candidates announced their presidential candidacies prior to the 1924 Democratic National Convention,[24] and a record of 58 candidates received delegate votes during the 103 nominating ballots at that 17-day-long convention. In the post-reform era, more than three-quarters of the states used primary elections to choose delegates, and over 80% of convention delegates were selected in those primaries.[23] For more information, see McGovern–Fraser Commission.
Suspended campaign during the voting period.
Not on ballot; suspended campaign during the voting period.
In-person voting was cancelled in Alaska,[50] Hawaii,[51] Kansas,[52] Ohio,[53] and Wyoming.[54]
Results not yet finalized
First rescheduled to June 2, then shifted back to April 28 with in-person voting canceled; mail-in ballots must be received by 7:30 pm on April 28, 2020 to be counted.
Mail-in ballots must be received by April 10 to be counted.
Mail-in ballots must be received by April 17 to be counted.
Mail-in ballots must be received by May 22; results to be announced on May 23.
The original rescheduled date was on June 20 before being delayed for the second time.
Mail-in ballots must be received by May 2.
Mail-in ballots must be received by July 14 to be counted.
Candidate did not appear on any ballots.

Caucus

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[442] Cory Booker, Mosie Boyd, Steve Bullock, Julián Castro, John Delaney, Kamala Harris, Joe Sestak, and Marianne Williamson

[444] Kamala Harris

[446] Cory Booker, Mosie Boyd, Julián Castro, Roque De La Fuente III, John Delaney, Michael A. Ellinger, Mark Greenstein, Joe Sestak, and Marianne Williamson

[448] Cory Booker, Rita Krichevsky, Robby Wells, and Marianne Williamson

[booker-williamson-451] Cory Booker and Marianne Williamson

[booker-castro-williamson-456] Cory Booker, Julián Castro, and Marianne Williamson

[458] Cory Booker, Julián Castro, John Delaney, and Marianne Williamson

[461] Cory Booker, Julián Castro, Roque De La Fuente III, John Delaney, Robby Wells, and Marianne Williamson

[463] Nathan Bloxham, Cory Booker, Julián Castro, Roque De La Fuente III, and Marianne Williamson

[465] Julián Castro, Mark Greenstein, and Marianne Williamson

[469] Cory Booker, Steve Burke, Julián Castro, Roque De La Fuente III, John Delaney, and Marianne Williamson

[booker-castro-delaney-sestak-williamson-471] Cory Booker, Julián Castro, John Delaney, Joe Sestak, and Marianne Williamson

[474] Cory Booker, Steve Burke, Julián Castro, Roque De La Fuente III, John Delaney, Bill Haas, Henry Hewes, Leonard J. Steinman II, Velma Steinman, Robby Wells, and Marianne Williamson

[480] Cory Booker, Julián Castro, Roque De La Fuente III, John Delaney, Michael A. Ellinger, Henry Hewes, and Marianne Williamson

[505] David Lee Rice

[511] John Delaney and Robby Wells

[pledged_delegate_number-2] The overall number of pledged delegates is subject to change as possible penalties are not yet included.[1]

[unpledged_delegate_number-3] 2,376 of 4,750 delegates needed to win any subsequent ballots at a contested convention.[1] The number of extra unpledged delegates (superdelegates), who after the first ballot at a contested convention participate in any subsequently needed nominating ballots (together with the 3,979 pledged delegates), was expected to be 771 as of December 2019, but the exact number of superdelegates is still subject to change due to possible deaths, resignations, accessions, or potential election as a pledged delegate.[1]

[post-reform_era-27] Prior to the electoral reforms that took effect starting with the 1972 presidential elections, the Democrats used elite-run state conventions to choose convention delegates in two-thirds of the states, and candidates for the presidential nominee could be elected at the national convention of the party without needing to participate in any prior statewide election events.[23] Twenty-nine Democratic candidates announced their presidential candidacies prior to the 1924 Democratic National Convention,[24] and a record of 58 candidates received delegate votes during the 103 nominating ballots at that 17-day-long convention. In the post-reform era, more than three-quarters of the states used primary elections to choose delegates, and over 80% of convention delegates were selected in those primaries.[23] For more information, see McGovern–Fraser Commission.

[53] Suspended campaign during the voting period.

[54] Not on ballot; suspended campaign during the voting period.

[inperson-60] In-person voting was cancelled in Alaska,[50] Hawaii,[51] Kansas,[52] Ohio,[53] and Wyoming.[54]

[Results_not_final-61] Results not yet finalized

[64] First rescheduled to June 2, then shifted back to April 28 with in-person voting canceled; mail-in ballots must be received by 7:30 pm on April 28, 2020 to be counted.

[72] Mail-in ballots must be received by April 10 to be counted.

[74] Mail-in ballots must be received by April 17 to be counted.

[76] Mail-in ballots must be received by May 22; results to be announced on May 23.

[80] The original rescheduled date was on June 20 before being delayed for the second time.

[92] Mail-in ballots must be received by May 2.

[98] Mail-in ballots must be received by July 14 to be counted.

[:4-160] Candidate did not appear on any ballots.

[caucus-432] Caucus

[delegates-1] Stevens, Matt (February 22, 2020). "How to Win the Democratic Nomination, and Why It Could Get Complicated". New York Times. Retrieved March 2, 2020.

[delegate-4] "Associated Press Election Services - Delegate Tracker". Associated Press. Retrieved April 30, 2020.

[tgp-5] "Democratic Convention - Nationwide Popular Vote". The Green Papers. Retrieved March 19, 2020.

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[nyt-stevens-7] Stevens, Matt (February 22, 2020). "How to Win the Democratic Nomination, and Why It Could Get Complicated". The New York Times. Retrieved March 11, 2020. Half of 3,979 is 1,989.5. Democratic National Committee officials say that on the first ballot, a candidate must win one delegate more than that, or 1,990.5, which is rounded up to reach the magic number: 1,991. (If a candidate won 1,990 pledged delegates on the first ballot, D.N.C. officials say, that would not be sufficient.)

[atl-brownstein-8] Brownstein, Ronald (February 19, 2020). "What a Sanders Win in Nevada Would Really Mean". The Atlantic. Retrieved March 11, 2020.

[Bloomberg_delay-9] Epstein, Jennifer; Crane, Magan (April 2, 2020). "Democrats Postpone Nominating Convention to August". Bloomberg News. Retrieved April 2, 2020.

[SuperDelegateVoting-10] Detrow, Scott (June 27, 2018). "DNC Officials Vote To Scale Back Role Of 'Superdelegates' In Presidential Nomination". NPR. Retrieved May 26, 2019.

[ConventionVotes-11] Putnam, Josh (May 15, 2019). "Magic Number? Determining the Winning Number of Democratic Delegates Will Be Tougher in 2020". Frontloading HQ. Retrieved May 22, 2019.

[12] Ember, Sydney (April 8, 2020). "Bernie Sanders Is Dropping Out of 2020 Democratic Race for President". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 8, 2020.

[13] Ember, Sydney; Glueck, Katie (April 13, 2020). "Bernie Sanders Endorses Joe Biden for President". The New York Times. Retrieved April 13, 2020.

[nprjune5-14] Detrow, Scott (June 5, 2020). "Biden Formally Clinches Democratic Nomination, While Gaining Steam Against Trump". NPR. Retrieved June 5, 2020. The AP delegate estimate reached the magic number of 1,991 delegates for Biden as seven states and the District of Columbia continue counting votes from Tuesday's primaries

[cnnjune6-15] "Joe Biden wins enough delegates to secure Democratic nomination". CNN. June 6, 2020. Retrieved June 7, 2020. His electoral victory in Guam on Saturday allowed him to surpass the necessary 1,991 delegates to claim the nomination

[hilljune6-16] "Biden wins Guam presidential primary". The Hill. June 6, 2020. Retrieved June 7, 2020. That gave Biden five of Guam’s seven pledged delegates, pushing him over the 1,991-delegate threshold to clinch the nomination

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