1949 in the United Kingdom
| 1949 in the United Kingdom |
| Other years |
| 1947 | 1948 | 1949 | 1950 | 1951 |
| Individual countries of the United Kingdom |
| England | Northern Ireland | Scotland | Wales |
| Popular culture |
Events from the year 1949 in the United Kingdom.
Incumbents
- Monarch – George VI
- Prime Minister – Clement Attlee (Labour)
- Parliament – 38th
Events
- January – Mass Observation carries out a national survey into the sexual behaviour and attitudes of 4,000 British people, "Little Kinsey". The results remain largely unpublished for over fifty years.[1][2][3]
- 1 January
- Peacetime conscription in the United Kingdom is regularised under the National Service Act 1947. Men aged 18–26 in England, Scotland and Wales are obliged to serve full-time in the armed forces for 18 months.[4]
- The British Nationality Act 1948 comes into effect, creating the status of "Citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies", superseding the shared status of "Commonwealth citizen".
- 4 January – RMS Caronia of the Cunard Line departs Southampton for New York on her maiden voyage.
- 28 January – Lynskey tribunal on corruption in public life reports, leading to the resignation of John Belcher as an MP.
- 31 January – Book at Bedtime debuts on the BBC Light Programme.
- 1 February – Women's Auxiliary Air Force renamed as the Women's Royal Air Force.
- 15 March – post-war rationing of clothes ends.[5]
- 25 March – Laurence Olivier's film Hamlet (1948) becomes the first British film to win a 'Best Picture' Oscar.[6]
- 28 March – astronomer Fred Hoyle coins the term Big Bang during a BBC Third Programme radio broadcast.[7][8][9]
- 1 April – the Marquess of Bath opens Longleat House to paying visitors, the first privately owned stately home to be so opened.[4]
- 4 April – Britain signs the North Atlantic Treaty, creating NATO.[5]
- 12 April – First women appointed King's Counsel in England: Rose Heilbron and Helena Normanton.[10]
- 20 April
- Royal Navy frigate HMS Amethyst goes up the Yangtze River to evacuate British Commonwealth refugees escaping the advance of the Mao's communist forces. Under heavy fire, it runs aground off Rose Island. After an aborted rescue attempt on 26 April, it anchors 10 miles upstream. Negotiations with the communist forces to let the ship leave drag on for weeks, during which time its cat, Simon, raises the crew's morale.
- The first Badminton Horse Trials are held at Badminton House in Gloucestershire.[6]
- 24 April – Wartime rationing of sweets and chocolate ends, but is re-instituted shortly thereafter as shortages return.[6]
- 26 April – Ealing comedy film Passport to Pimlico is premièred in London.
- 28 April – The 1949 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference issues the London Declaration, enabling India (and, thereafter, any other nation) to remain in the Commonwealth despite becoming a republic, creating the position of 'Head of the Commonwealth' (held by the ruling British monarch), and renaming the organisation from 'British Commonwealth' to 'Commonwealth of Nations'.
- 29 April – the News Review reveals that neither the English public school Selhurst College nor its headmaster H. Rochester Sneath exist, but are a hoax created by Humphry Berkeley the previous year.
- 30 April – 1949 FA Cup Final: Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. win the FA Cup for the first time in 41 years, and the third time in their history, with a 3–1 win over Leicester City at Wembley Stadium.[11][12]
- April – Manchester Mark 1 computer operable at the University of Manchester.
- May – Council for Wales and Monmouthshire, set up as a government advisory body, first meets.[13]
- 1 May – the gas industry is nationalised.[6]
- 3 May – Parliament passes the Ireland Act guaranteeing the position of Northern Ireland as part of the United Kingdom as long as a majority of its citizens want it to be. The government also recognises the existence of the Republic of Ireland.
- 6 May – EDSAC, the first practicable stored-program computer, runs its first program at Cambridge University.[14]
- 10 May – first self-service launderette opens, in Queensway (London).[4]
- 11 May – Christopher Fry's verse drama The Lady's Not for Burning premieres in London.[15]
- 7–25 June – dock strike forces the government to use troops to unload goods.[5]
- 8 June – George Orwell's dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four is published in London by Secker & Warburg.
- 16 June – Ealing comedy film Whisky Galore! released.
- 21 June – Ealing comedy film Kind Hearts and Coronets released.
- 27 July – maiden flight of the British-built de Havilland Comet, the world's first passenger jet, at Hatfield, Hertfordshire.[5]
- 30 July – Legal Aid and Advice Act establishes a much-extended system of Legal aid in England and Wales[16] (with the Legal Aid and Solicitors (Scotland) Act applying similarly in Scotland).
- 31 July – Captain Kerans of HMS Amethyst decides to make a break after nightfall under heavy fire from the Chinese People's Liberation Army both sides of the Yangtze River and successfully rejoins the fleet at Woosung the next day.
- 22 August – T. S. Eliot's comedy The Cocktail Party premieres at the Edinburgh Festival.[17]
- 24 August – Old Trafford football stadium, home of Manchester United F.C., is re-opened following a comprehensive rebuild due to bomb damage by the Luftwaffe eight years ago.[18]
- 2 September – film The Third Man, with screenplay by Graham Greene, released. The film wins the 1949 Grand Prix at the Cannes Film Festival.
- 19 September – the pound devalued by 30% against the United States dollar.[3]
- 21 September – the first comprehensive school in Wales is opened in Holyhead, Anglesey.[6]
- 30 September – the Berlin Airlift comes to an end, during which 17 American and 7 British planes have crashed delivering supplies to Soviet blockaded Berlin.[6]
- October – Valerie Hunter Gordon is granted a U.K. patent for the disposable nappy.
- 12 October – John Boyd Orr, 1st Baron Boyd-Orr wins the Nobel Peace Prize.[19]
- 26 October – How Do You View?, the first comedy series on British television, starring Terry-Thomas, is first broadcast on BBC Television.
- 4 November – Cwmbran designated as the first New Town in Wales under powers of the New Towns Act 1946.[20]
- 28 November – Winston Churchill makes a landmark speech in support of the idea of a European Union at Kingsway Hall, London.[21]
- 16 December – Parliament Act given royal assent; cuts the House of Lords veto to one year.[5]
- 17 December – Sutton Coldfield transmitting station begins transmitting BBC Television to the English Midlands, the first broadcasts to be seen outside the London area.[4]
Undated
- The number of workforce deaths in the coal industry is reported to have fallen to a record low since nationalisation two years ago.[22]
- With an average Central England temperature of 10.64 °C or 51.15 °F, the record for the hottest year in that series set in 1834 and equalled in 1921 is broken. 1949’s record stands until 1990 by when anthropogenic global warming has come largely to control temperatures.[23]
Publications
- Enid Blyton's children's books Little Noddy Goes to Toyland, the first to introduce the title character; and The Secret Seven, first in the eponymous series.
- Agatha Christie's novel Crooked House.
- H. F. Ellis' humorous collection The Papers of A.J. Wentworth B.A.
- Graham Greene's novella The Third Man.
- Nancy Mitford's novel Love in a Cold Climate.
- George Orwell's novel Nineteen Eighty-Four.
Births
- 7 January – Brian Haw, protester and peace campaigner (died 2011)
- 19 January
- Robert Palmer, singer (died 2003)
- Andrew Samuels, psychologist and academic
- 23 January – Joan Walley, politician
- 25 January – Paul Nurse, biologist and Nobel Prize winner
- 29 January – Andy Carter, middle distance runner
- 4 February – Richard Ryder, Baron Ryder of Wensum, broadcaster and politician, Paymaster General
- 16 February – Lyn Paul, pop singer
- 18 February – Charlie Waite, landscape photographer
- 2 March – J. P. R. Williams, Welsh rugby player
- 6 March – Martin Buchan, footballer
- 9 March – Neil Hamilton, Conservative MP, later UKIP politician and Welsh Assembly Member 2016–
- 17 March – Alex Higgins, snooker player (died 2010)
- 28 March – Kevin Lloyd, actor (died 1998)
- 3 April – Richard Thompson, rock guitarist and songwriter
- 8 April – Alex Fergusson, Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament 2007–2011 (died 2018)
- 24 April – James Paice, farmer and politician
- 25 April – James Fenton, poet
- 29 April – Anita Dobson, actress
- 2 May – Alan Titchmarsh, gardener and television presenter
- 4 May – Lindsey Hughes, historian (died 2007)
- 13 May – Zoë Wanamaker, actress (born in New York)
- 18 May – Rick Wakeman, rock keyboard player and songwriter (Yes)
- 24 May – Jim Broadbent, actor
- 26 May – Jeremy Corbyn, Labour Party leader from 2015
- 29 May – Francis Rossi, rock musician (lead singer, Status Quo)
- 30 May – Bob Willis, cricketer (fast bowler) (died 2019)
- 2 June – Heather Couper, astronomer (died 2020)
- 14 June – Jim Lea, rock musician (Slade)
- 21 June – John Agard, writer
- 22 June – Brian Leveson, judge
- 5 July – Sue Robbie, television presenter
- 7 July – Bob Stewart, colonel and politician
- 15 July – Trevor Horn, pop singer and producer
- 22 July – Geoffrey Durham, entertainer
- 26 July – Roger Taylor, rock drummer (Queen)
- 6 August – Alan Campbell, clergyman
- 12 August – Mark Knopfler, rock guitarist and singer-songwriter (Dire Straits)
- 15 August
- Richard Deacon, sculptor
- Edward McMillan-Scott, lawyer and politician
- 25 August
- Martin Amis, novelist
- Ross Davidson, actor (died 2006)
- 9 September
- John Curry, figure skater (died 1994)
- Jolyon Brettingham Smith, composer and radio presenter (died 2008)
- 18 September
- Mo Mowlam, Labour politician, Secretary of State for Northern Ireland (died 2005)
- Peter Shilton, footballer
- 19 September – Twiggy, born Lesley Hornby, model
- 14 October – Katy Manning, actress
- 30 October – Arabella Churchill, charity founder (died 2007)
- 1 November – Gerald Ratner, businessman
- 6 November – Nigel Havers, actor
- 24 November
- Nick Ainger, Labour politician
- Sally Davies, Chief Medical Officer
- 27 November – Brumas, polar bear (first born at London Zoo)
- 4 December – Paul Dickenson, hammer thrower
- 12 December
- Chris Baillieu, rower and lawyer
- Bill Nighy, actor
- 13 December – Robert Lindsay, actor
- 17 December – Paul Rodgers, rock singer (Free)
- 21 December – Nicholas Penny, art historian and academic
Deaths
- 2 January – Jock McNab, footballer (born 1894)
- 18 April – Will Hay, comedian and actor (born 1888)
- 28 April – Sir Robert Robertson, chemist (born 1869)
- 30 August – Arthur Fielder, cricketer (born 1877)
- 24 October – Thomas Rowland Hughes, writer (born 1903)
- 13 December – John Deans Hope, Liberal politician (born 1860)
- 16 December – George Maitland Lloyd Davies, pacifist politician (born 1880)
See also
References
- The Sunday Pictorial runs a few features based on it this summer.
- Duffy, Jonathan (30 September 2005). "Britain's secret sex survey". BBC News. Retrieved 27 January 2008.
- "The Lost Decade Timeline, BBC". Archived from the original on 16 October 2008. Retrieved 27 January 2008.
- Kynaston, David (2007). Austerity Britain 1945–51. London: Bloomsbury. p. 325. ISBN 978-0-7475-7985-4.
- Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 400–401. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
- "'Big bang' astronomer dies". BBC News. 22 August 2001. Archived from the original on 8 December 2008. Retrieved 7 December 2008.
- Croswell, Ken (1995). "Chapter 9". The Alchemy of the Heavens. Anchor Books. ISBN 0-385-47213-7.
- Mitton, Simon (2005). Fred Hoyle: a Life in Science. Aurum Press. p. 127. ISBN 1-85410-961-8.
- "Tribute to New Woman K.C.". Liverpool Echo. 13 April 1949. p. 5.
- "The Cup Final: Wolverhampton Win". The Times (51370). London. 2 May 1949. p. 6.
- "The 1949 FA Cup Final". The Wolves' Site. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 25 September 2012.
- Archives, The National. "The Discovery Service". discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk.
- "Pioneer computer to be rebuilt". Cam. 62: 5. 2011.
- "Globe Theatre." The Times. London. 12 May 1949: 7. The Times Digital Archive. 2 Nov 2013.
- Robins, Jon (12 March 2009). "Legal aid in 21st-century Britain". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 19 July 2010.
- "The Theatres." The Times. London. 22 August 1949: 8. The Times Digital Archive. 2 Nov 2013.
- "Old Trafford". The Stadium Guide. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
- "The Nobel Peace Prize 1949". Retrieved 27 January 2008.
- "No. 38756". The London Gazette. 8 November 1949. p. 5318.
- "Address given by Winston Churchill (London, 28 November 1949)". cvce.eu. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
- "Industry". The Spirit of '45. Channel 4. 2013. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
- "Hadley Centre Central England Temperature".
External links
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