1815 in the United Kingdom
Events from the year 1815 in the United Kingdom. 1815 marks the end of years of war between the United Kingdom and France when the Duke of Wellington wins a decisive victory over Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo. Fighting in the War of 1812 between the UK and the United States also ceases, peace terms having been agreed at the end of 1814. The year also sees the introduction of the Corn Laws which protect British land owners from cheaper foreign imports of corn.
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Wellington at Waterloo by Robert Alexander Hillingford
Incumbents
Events
- 2 January
- Lord Byron marries Anna Isabella Milbanke, Seaham, County Durham.
- The Prince Regent divides the Order of the Bath into three classes: the Knights Grand Cross, Knights Commander and Companions.[1]
- 3 January – Austria, Britain and Bourbon-restored France form a secret defensive alliance treaty against Prussia and Russia.
- 8 January – War of 1812: Battle of New Orleans – American forces under General Andrew Jackson defeat the British in the last major battle of the war.[1]
- 13 February – the Cambridge Union Society, one of the oldest debating societies in the world, founded at the University of Cambridge.
- 15 March – Importation Act, first of the Corn Laws, passed by Parliament, preventing the import of cheap foreign grain.[2]
- 30 May – the East Indiaman Arniston, repatriating wounded troops to Britain from Ceylon, is wrecked near Waenhuiskrans, South Africa with the loss of 372 of the 378 on board.
- 16 June – Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Quatre Bras – Marshal Ney wins a strategic victory over an Anglo-Dutch force.
- 18 June – Napoleonic Wars: the Duke of Wellington wins a decisive victory over Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo.[3]
Scene in Plymouth Sound in August 1815, by John James Chalon. HMS Bellerophon is at the centre of the picture, surrounded by crowds in small boats who have come to see Napoleon
- 21 June – news of the victory at Waterloo reaches London from Broadstairs late this evening.[4]
- 10 July – Apothecaries Act prohibits unlicensed medical practitioners.[5]
- 15 July – Napoleon boards HMS Bellerophon off Rochefort and surrenders to Captain Frederick Lewis Maitland of the Royal Navy.
- 24 July–4 August: HMS Bellerophon anchors off the south Devon coast with Napoleon on board prior to his being taken into exile.[6]
- 1 August – William Smith publishes the first national geological map of the UK, A Delineation of the Strata of England and Wales, with part of Scotland.[7]
- 18 October – the Bible Christian Church, a Wesleyan Methodist denomination, is founded by William O'Bryan in north Devon and Cornwall.
- 3 November – Sir Humphry Davy announces his invention of the Davy lamp as a coal mining safety lamp.[3][8]
- 5 November – Ionian Islands become a British protectorate.[5]
Undated
- Jones, Watts and Doulton begin life as a stoneware pottery in South London.
- Wisden Cricketers' Almanack retrospectively recognises statistics for first-class cricket in England from this year.
Publications
- Jane Austen's novel Emma (anonymous; dated 1816).
- Lord Byron's poems with musical settings Hebrew Melodies, including "She Walks in Beauty"; sells over 10,000 copies in a few months.
- Thomas Love Peacock's first novel Headlong Hall (anonymous; dated 1816).[9]
- Walter Scott's novel Guy Mannering (anonymous).
Births
- 24 January – Thomas Gee, Welsh publisher (died 1898)
- 12 February – Edward Forbes, naturalist (died 1854)
- 24 April – Anthony Trollope, English novelist (died 1882)
- 2 November – George Boole, English mathematician and philosopher (died 1864)
- 10 December – Augusta Ada King (née Byron), Countess of Lovelace, early English computer pioneer (died 1852)
Deaths
- 8 January – Edward Pakenham, British general (killed in battle) (born 1778)
- 14 January – William Creech, Scottish publisher and Lord Provost of Edinburgh (born 1745)
- 15 January – Emma, Lady Hamilton, English mistress of Horatio Nelson (born 1765)
- 22 February – Smithson Tennant, chemist (born 1761)
- 7 May – Andrew Fuller, Particular Baptist minister, promoter of missionary work (born 1754)
- 1 June – James Gillray, caricaturist (born 1757)
- 18 June – Thomas Picton, British general (killed in battle) (born 1758)
- Frances Abington, actress (born 1737)[10]
References
- Munsell, Joel (1858). The Every Day Book of History and Chronology. D. Appleton & Co. p. 13.
- "British History Timeline, BBC History". Archived from the original on 22 September 2007. Retrieved 11 September 2007.
- "Icons, a portrait of England 1800–1820". Archived from the original on 17 October 2007. Retrieved 11 September 2007.
- "No. 17028". The London Gazette. 22 June 1815. p. 1213.
- Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 247–248. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- Cordingly, David (2003). The Billy Ruffian: The Bellerophon and the Downfall of Napoleon – the biography of a ship of the line, 1782–1836. London: Bloomsbury. ISBN 0-7475-6537-6.
- Eyles, V. A.; Eyles, Joan M. (1938). "On the different issues of the first geological map of England and Wales" (PDF). Annals of Science. 3: 190–212. doi:10.1080/00033793800200871. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
- To a meeting of the Royal Society in Newcastle upon Tyne.
- "Thomas Love Peacock (1785–1866)". Encyclopædia Britannica. 21 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 22.
- Hartley, Cathy (2003). A Historical Dictionary of British Women. Psychology Press. p. 1. ISBN 9781857432282.
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