1963 in the United Kingdom
Events from the year 1963 in the United Kingdom. This year sees changes in the leadership of both main political parties, the Profumo affair and the rise of the Beatles as well as the launch of the long-running sci-fi series Doctor Who.
| 1963 in the United Kingdom |
| Other years |
| 1961 | 1962 | 1963 | 1964 | 1965 |
| Individual countries of the United Kingdom |
| England | Northern Ireland | Scotland | Wales |
| Popular culture |
Incumbents
- Monarch – Elizabeth II
- Prime Minister
- Harold Macmillan (Conservative) (until 19 October)
- Alec Douglas-Home (Conservative) (starting 19 October)
- Parliament – 42nd
Events
- January–April – Winter of 1963: The UK experiences the worst winter since 1946–1947. Low temperatures keep snow lying around until early-April in some areas.
- 7 January – Granada Television first broadcasts World in Action, its influential investigative current affairs series, which will run for thirty-five years.
- 11 January – Musical film Summer Holiday starring Cliff Richard premieres in London.
- 16 January – The Macmillan-led Conservative government announces that a new town will be developed in Shropshire. Dawley New Town will incorporate existing communities including Dawley, Ironbridge and Madeley, and will largely be used as an overspill town for Birmingham and Wolverhampton.[1]
- 18 January – The Labour Party leader, Hugh Gaitskell, dies suddenly aged 56.[2]
- 23 January – Double agent Kim Philby disappears from Beirut having defected to the Soviet Union.[3]
- 29 January – Charles de Gaulle, President of France, vetoes the UK's entry into the European Economic Community.
- 14 February – The Labour Party elects 46-year-old Huyton MP, Harold Wilson as its new leader and Leader of the Opposition.[2] Missing out in the leadership contest is Cardiff South East MP James Callaghan. Opinion polls are currently showing strong support for the Labour Party, with a general election due before the end of next year.[4]
- 16 February – Opinion polls indicate that Labour would defeat the Conservatives at a general election, who have governed since 1951.[5]
- March – The divorce case of the Duke and Duchess of Argyll takes place.
- 15 March – Ridge v. Baldwin, a landmark case in the law of judicial review, is decided on appeal: a public official is held to be wrongfully dismissed because he had no notice of the grounds on which the decision was made, and no opportunity to be heard in his own defence.[6]
- 22 March – The Beatles release their debut album, Please Please Me.
- 27 March – Chairman of British Railways Dr. Richard Beeching issues a report calling for huge cuts to the UK's rail network.[7] This is expected to result in the closure of more than 2,000 railway stations as well as the scrapping of some 8,000 coaches and the loss of up to 68,000 jobs.[8]
- c. April – Engineering Building at the University of Leicester is completed, the first major work by James Stirling with James Gowan, and a leading example of Brutalist architecture.[9]
- 6 April – Polaris Sales Agreement with the United States, leading to commencement of construction of nuclear submarine facilities at Faslane Naval Base.[10]
- 15 April – 70,000 protesters arrive in London, who have marched all the way from Aldermarston to demonstrate against nuclear weapons.
- 24 April – Princess Alexandra of Kent marries the Hon. Angus Ogilvy at Westminster Abbey.
- 2 May
- The Beatles reach No. 1 in the Singles chart for the first time with, "From Me To You".[11]
- The Duke of Edinburgh opens the Rootes Group's new car plant at the town of Linwood, Renfrewshire, for the production of its new rear-engined mini-car – the Hillman Imp – to compete against BMC's Mini.[12] It has an economical 875cc engine, and is expected to be developed into luxury Singer and sporty Sunbeam variants in the near future.[13] It is the first new car to be produced in Scotland for thirty years.
- 7–13 May – The last servicemen are released from conscription as National Service ends.[14]
- 11 May
- The Beatles album Please Please Me goes to the top of the UK Albums Chart.
- Everton F.C. win the Football League First Division title.[15]
- 15 May – Tottenham Hotspur become the first British football team to win a European trophy when a 5–1 win over Atlético Madrid in Rotterdam gives them the European Cup Winners' Cup.
- 25 May – Manchester United beat Leicester City 3-1 in the FA Cup final at Wembley Stadium with two goals from David Herd and another from Denis Law. It is Manchester United's first major trophy since eight of their players died in the Munich air disaster five years earlier.[16]
- 5 June – Profumo affair: John Profumo, Secretary of State for War, admits to misleading Parliament and resigns over his affair with Christine Keeler.[17]
- 8 June – Profumo affair: Stephen Ward charged with living on immoral earnings.[18]
- 17 June – The Profumo affair has done the Conservative government no favours in the opinion polls, which continue to show that a Labour victory would be inevitable in a general election.[19]
- 1 July – Kim Philby named as the "Third Man" in the Burgess and Maclean spy ring.[2]
- 12 July – Pauline Reade, 16, is reported missing on her way to a dance in Gorton, Manchester, the first victim of the Moors murders.
- 31 July – Water Resources Act provides for the regulation of water abstraction, principally through the establishment of regional river authorities.[20]
- August – Race riots in Dudley.[21]
- 5 August – The United States, United Kingdom and Soviet Union sign a nuclear test ban treaty.[3]
- 8 August – the Great Train Robbery takes place in Buckinghamshire.[22]
- 20 August – The Royal Shakespeare Company introduces its performance cycle of Shakespeare's history plays under the title The War of the Roses, adapted and directed by John Barton and Peter Hall, at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon.
- September
- First Leeds International Piano Competition: Michael Roll is the winner.
- The Sindy fashion doll is first marketed by Pedigree.[23][24][25]
- 5 September – Christine Keeler is arrested for perjury. On 6 December she is sentenced to nine months in prison.
- 7 September – Geophysicists Fred Vine and Drummond Matthews publish proof of seafloor spreading on the Atlantic Ocean floor.[26]
- 12 September – The Beatles reach No. 1 for the second time, with the single "She Loves You" (released on 23 August).[11]
- 17 September – RAF Fylingdales radar station on the North York Moors begins operation as part of the United States Ballistic Missile Early Warning System.
- 18 September – Rioters burn down the British Embassy in Jakarta to protest against the formation of Malaysia.
- 23 September – The Robbins Report (the report of the Committee on Higher Education, chaired by Lord Robbins) is published.[27] It recommends immediate expansion of universities, and that university places "should be available to all who were qualified for them by ability and attainment". Its conclusions are accepted by the government on 24 October.
- 25 September – The Denning Report on the Profumo affair is published.
- 26 September – Vauxhall launches the new Viva, a small family saloon, similar in size to BMC's 1100 and the Ford Anglia.[28]
- 29 September
- The University of East Anglia opens in Norwich.
- Release of the film Tom Jones.
- 2 October – Ford Motor Company begins production of its Ford Anglia car at their new Halewood Body & Assembly plant on Merseyside.
- 10 October – Prime Minister Harold Macmillan announces his resignation after nearly seven years in office, at the age of 69, on the grounds of ill health.[2]
- 17 October – In Stockholm, two British scientists (Alan Lloyd Hodgkin and Andrew Fielding Huxley) and an Australian (John Carew Eccles) are announced as winners of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane".[29]
- 18 October – Macmillan resigns as Prime Minister.[3]
- 19 October – Alec Douglas-Home replaces Macmillan as UK Prime Minister, renouncing his peerage.[2]
- 22 October – The National Theatre Company, newly formed under artistic director Laurence Olivier,[30] gives its first performance, with Peter O'Toole as Hamlet.[2]
- November – Publication of Traffic in Towns, a report on urban transport planning policy produced for the Department of Transport by a team headed by Colin Buchanan.[31][32]
- 18 November – The Dartford Tunnel opens.[3]
- 22 November – C. S. Lewis, the author most famous for the Narnia books (1950–1955), dies aged sixty-five years old in Oxford. However, media coverage of his death (as also that of Aldous Huxley in the United States on the same day) is overshadowed by the assassination of American President John F. Kennedy, news of which reaches the UK just after 18:30 UTC.
- 23 November
- First episode of the long-running BBC Television science fiction series Doctor Who is broadcast.[3]
- Police in Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancashire, begin a missing persons investigation following the disappearance of 12-year-old John Kilbride; he is the second victim of the Moors murders.
- 25 November – The Duke of Edinburgh, Prime Minister Sir Alec Douglas-Home and Leader of the Opposition Harold Wilson attend the funeral of U.S. President John F. Kennedy in Washington, D.C.
- 30 November – After an unbroken 30-week spell at the top of the UK Albums Chart, The Beatles album Please Please Me is knocked off the top of the charts by the group's latest album With the Beatles (released on 22 November).
- 12 December
- Kenya gains independence from the United Kingdom, with Jomo Kenyatta as Prime Minister.[26]
- The Beatles reach No. 1 for the third time with "I Want To Hold Your Hand" (released on 29 November).[11]
- 19 December – Zanzibar gains independence from the United Kingdom, as a constitutional monarchy under Sultan Jamshid bin Abdullah.
- 21 December – First episode of the seven-part serial The Daleks broadcast in the Doctor Who series, introducing the alien Daleks (revealed fully in the following week's episode).
Undated
- BMC's new Rover P6 luxury saloon is the first winner of the prestigious European Car of the Year award.
- S. Hille & Co market the Polypropylene stacking chair designed by Robin Day.[33]
- The launch of the Astro or lava lamp by the founder of Mathmos, Edward Craven-Walker.
- The motorway network continues to grow with the opening of the first section of the M4 in Berkshire, the M6 between Warrington and Preston in Lancashire, and the M2 in Kent.[34]
- Economic growth for the year reaches a postwar high of 7.5% (slightly above the previous record of 7.2% in 1959), with GDP reaching 4.3% in the second quarter of the year.
Publications
- Agatha Christie's Hercule Poirot novel The Clocks.
- Margaret Drabble's first novel A Summer Bird Cage.
- Ian Fleming's James Bond novel On Her Majesty's Secret Service.
- John Fowles' novel The Collector.
- The Group's poetry collection A Group Anthology edited by Edward Lucie-Smith and Philip Hobsbaum.
- John le Carré's novel The Spy Who Came in From the Cold.
- Alistair MacLean's thriller Ice Station Zebra.
- Sylvia Plath's only novel The Bell Jar (under the pseudonym Victoria Lucas).
- John Robinson (bishop of Woolwich)'s controversial religious book Honest to God.
- C. P. Snow's novel Corridors of Power.
- E. P. Thompson's social history The Making of the English Working Class.
- The Sunday Pictorial newspaper is rebranded as the Sunday Mirror.
Births
January – April
- 3 January – Matthew Taylor, Liberal Democrat politician and MP for Truro and St Austell
- 6 January – Ian Lavery, English trade unionist and politician
- 16 January – James May, English motoring journalist and television
- 18 January – Ian Crook, English footballer
- 19 January
- Martin Bashir, British television journalist
- John Bercow, English Conservative politician and MP for Buckingham
- 22 January – Huw Irranca-Davies, Welsh Labour politician and MP for Ogmore
- 26 January – Andrew Ridgeley, English musician
- 27 January – George Monbiot, British journalist and weekly columnist for The Guardian
- 10 February – Philip Glenister, actor
- 13 February – John King, English long jumper
- 17 February – Alison Hargreaves, British mountain climber (died 1995)
- 19 February – Seal, singer
- 22 February – Andrew Adonis, Baron Adonis, English journalist and politician, Secretary of State for Transport
- 11 March – Alex Kingston, English actress
- 14 March – Michael John Foster, English Labour politician and MP for Worcester
- 16 March – Jerome Flynn, British actor
- 20 March – David Thewlis, English actor
- 6 April – Andrew Weatherall, English disc jockey (died 2020)
- 7 April – Nick Herbert, Conservative politician and MP for Arundel and South Downs
- 8 April – Julian Lennon, musician son of John Lennon
- 11 April - Mark Thomas, comedian and activist
- 13 April – Mo Johnston, Scottish footballer
May – August
- May – Inga Beale, insurance executive
- 9 May – Barry Douglas Lamb, musician, author and preacher
- 11 May – Natasha Richardson, actress (died 2009)
- 26 May – Simon Armitage, poet laureate
- 6 June
- Jason Isaacs, actor
- James Palumbo, Baron Palumbo of Southwark, businessman and politician
- 11 June – Andy Street, businessman and metropolitan mayor
- 23 June – Colin Montgomerie, Scottish golfer
- 25 June – George Michael, pop singer (died 2016)
- 27 June – Meera Syal, comedian, writer, singer and actress
- 29 June – Errol Christie, boxer (died 2017)
- 2 July – Mark Kermode, film critic
- 3 July – Tracey Emin, artist
- 6 July – Stuart Garrard, English guitarist
- 25 July – Julian Hodgson, English chess grandmaster
- 31 July
- Fatboy Slim (born Quentin Leo Cook), English musician
- Fergus Henderson, English chef
- 1 August – Laura Janner-Klausner, Reform rabbi
- 3 August – Tasmin Archer, English singer
- 30 August
- Phil Mills, race car driver
- Paul Oakenfold, disc jockey
- Mark Strong, actor
September – December
- 19 September
- Jarvis Cocker, English musician (Pulp)
- David Seaman, English footballer
- 26 September – Lysette Anthony, English actress
- 12 October – Alan McDonald, Northern Irish footballer
- 31 October – Sanjeev Bhaskar, comic actor
- 1 November
- Rick Allen, British musician (Def Leppard)
- Mark Hughes, Welsh footballer and football manager
- 3 November – Ian Wright, English footballer and radio/TV personality
- 4 November – Lena Zavaroni, Scottish entertainer (died 1999)
- 10 November – Hugh Bonneville, actor
- 14 November – Keith Curle, English footballer, football manager and football coach
- 19 November – Jon Potter, British field hockey player
- 20 November – William Timothy Gowers, British mathematician
- 21 November – Nicollette Sheridan, English actress
- 26 November – Joe Lydon, English rugby league footballer of the 1980s and 1990s, rugby union coach of the 2000s and 2010s
- 5 December – Eddie 'the Eagle' Edwards, English ski jumper
- 7 December – Mark Bowen, Welsh footballer
- 8 December – Brian McClair, Scottish footballer and football coach
- 22 December – Bryan Gunn, Scottish footballer and football coach
- 24 December – Caroline Aherne, comic television actress/writer (died 2016)
- 29 December – Dave McKean, English artist and filmmaker
Deaths
- 18 January
- Edward Charles Titchmarsh, mathematician (born 1899)
- Hugh Gaitskell, Labour politician (born 1873)
- 22 January – Lily Montagu, pioneer of reform Judaism (born 1873)
- 11 February – Sylvia Plath, American poet and writer (born 1932)
- 16 March – William Beveridge, economist and social reformer (born 1879)
- 17 June – John Cowper Powys, novelist, lecturer and philosopher (born 1872)
- 16 August – Joan Eardley, painter (born 1921)
- 22 August – William Morris, 1st Viscount Nuffield, founder of Morris Motors and philanthropist (born 1877)
- 3 September – Louis MacNeice, poet and playwright (born 1907)
- 20 September – Peter Craven, English motorcycle racer (born 1934)
- 22 November
- Aldous Huxley, novelist (born 1894)
- C.S. Lewis, Irish-born British writer (born 1898)
- December – Andy Kennedy, Northern Irish footballer (born 1897)
References
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- Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 420–421. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
- "Labour's PMs of the past". BBC News. 30 July 2003. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
- "Wilson Coming". Lewiston Daily Sun. 16 February 1963. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
- Slapper, Gary (24 June 2008). "The cases that changed Britain: 1955–1971". The Times. Retrieved 15 June 2011.
- "1963: Railways to be slashed by a quarter". BBC News. 27 March 1963. Archived from the original on 7 March 2008. Retrieved 11 February 2008.
- "1963". Express & Star. Wolverhampton. Archived from the original on 14 February 2012. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
- Harwood, Elain (2003). England: a Guide to Post-War Listed Buildings (rev. ed.). London: Batsford. pp. 168–71. ISBN 0-7134-8818-2.
- Marr, Andrew (2007). A History of Modern Britain. London: Macmillan. p. 239. ISBN 978-1-4050-0538-8.
- "The U.K. Singles Chart Number Ones". JPGR: Facts, Feats and Statistics of The Beatles. 2009. Retrieved 30 March 2012.
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- "Mini Steps Backwards". Rootes-Chrysler.co.uk. Archived from the original on 4 February 2007. Retrieved 30 March 2012.
- Vinen, Richard (2014). National Service: Conscription in Britain, 1945–1963. London: Allen Lane. p. 377. ISBN 978-1-846-14387-8.
- "Everton FC History – Goodison Park 11th May 1963". bluekipper.com. 2004. Archived from the original on 9 June 2010. Retrieved 27 April 2011.
- "1963". fa-cupfinals.co.uk. Archived from the original on 27 April 2012.
- "1963: Profumo resigns over sex scandal". BBC News. 5 June 1963. Archived from the original on 7 March 2008. Retrieved 11 February 2008.
- "1963: Ward charged over 'immoral earnings'". BBC News. 8 June 1963. Archived from the original on 7 March 2008. Retrieved 11 February 2008.
- "Macmillan Awaits Debate on Scandal". Meriden Record. Connecticut. 17 June 1963. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
- Water Resources Act
- Gough, Graham (2012). The Black Country Album. Stroud: The History Press. ISBN 9780752479743.
- "1963: Train robbers make off with millions". BBC News. 8 August 1963. Archived from the original on 7 March 2008. Retrieved 11 February 2008.
- "Sindy doll 'set to be a Christmas hit'". National Newswire. Press Association. 6 July 2006.
- Gillian, Lesley (22 November 2003). "The return of a living doll: The new look Sindy will cause collectors to rethink". FT Weekend – Collecting. p. 8.
- Sindy: Every little girl's dream come true (Vinyl back cover). Pedigree Dolls Ltd. 1963.
- The Hutchinson Factfinder. Helicon. 1999. ISBN 1-85986-000-1.
- Committee on Higher Education (23 September 1963), Higher education: report of the Committee appointed by the Prime Minister under the Chairmanship of Lord Robbins 1961–63, Cmnd. 2154, London: HMSO
- Excell, Jon (2 October 2007). "This week in… 1963 – The Vauxhall Viva HA". The Engineer. London. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
- "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1963". Retrieved 11 February 2008.
- "National Theatre : About the NT". Retrieved 11 February 2008.
- Hall, Peter (2007). "Buchanan, Sir Colin Douglas (1907–2001)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 24 January 2011.
- "Professor Sir Colin Buchanan". Colin Buchanan and Partners Ltd. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 24 January 2011.
- "Polypropylene stacking chair – The Frederick Parker Collection". vads. London Metropolitan University. Retrieved 12 July 2010.
- "1963". cbrd. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
External links
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