1860 in the United Kingdom
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Events from the year 1860 in the United Kingdom.
Incumbents
- Monarch – Victoria
- Prime Minister – Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston (Liberal)
- Parliament – 18th
Events
- 1 January – Cray Wanderers Football Club formed in St Mary Cray, north Kent.
- 25 January – HMS Prince of Wales, a 121-gun screw-propelled first-rate ship of the line is launched at Portsmouth Dockyard.
- February – Royal Commission on the Defence of the United Kingdom recommends erection of the Palmerston Forts.
- 27 February – paddle steamer Nimrod is wrecked off St David's Head in Wales and 45 people are killed.
- 28 February – the Artists Rifles is established, as the 38th Middlesex (Artists) Rifle Volunteer Corps, with headquarters at Burlington House in London.[1]
- March – Food and Drink Act, 1860 prohibits the adulteration of certain foodstuffs.[2]
- 7 March – HMS Howe, the Royal Navy’s last, largest and fastest wooden first-rate three-decker ship of the line, is launched at Pembroke Dockyard but never completed for sea service.
- 17 March – First Taranaki War between Maoris and British colonists in New Zealand begins.[2]
- 17 April – one of the last major bare-knuckle boxing matches in England, between Tom Sayers and the American John C. Heenan at Farnborough, Hampshire, ends in a draw as police break up the event.[2]
- 22 April – Eastbourne manslaughter.
- 9 July – the Nightingale Training School and Home for Nurses, the first nursing school based on the ideas of Florence Nightingale, is opened at St Thomas' Hospital in London.
- 22 August – the British navy assists the troops of Giuseppe Garibaldi to cross from Sicily to the mainland of Italy.
- 30 August – the first street trams in Britain are introduced in Birkenhead.[3]
- October – John Hanning Speke and James Augustus Grant leave Zanzibar to search for source of the Nile.
- 5 October – Austria, Britain, France, Prussia and the Ottoman Empire form a commission to investigate causes of the massacres of Maronite Christians, committed by Druzes in Lebanon earlier in the year.
- 17 October – the first professional golf tournament is held at Prestwick in Scotland,[3][4] sometimes regarded as the first Open, although it is not truly open until the following year.[2]
- 18 October – Second Opium War:
- Lord Elgin orders his forces to set fire to the huge complex of Beijing's Old Summer Palace, known as the Gardens of Perfect Brightness, which burns to the ground.
- The first Convention of Peking formally ends the War.
- November – the 'Temporary Home for Lost and Starving Dogs', predecessor of the Battersea Dogs and Cats Home, is established in London by Mary Tealby.
- 1 December
- Charles Dickens publishes the first installment of Great Expectations in his magazine All the Year Round.
- The sixth underground explosion in the Risca Black Vein Pit at Crosskeys in the Sirhowy Valley of Monmouthshire kills 142 coal miners.[5][6]
- 29 December – the world's first ocean-going (all) iron-hulled and armoured battleship, HMS Warrior is launched on the Thames.[3]
- Approximate date – first recorded fish and chip shops in the UK, Joseph Malin's in London[7] and John Lees' in Mossley near Oldham, Lancashire.[8]
Publications
- Wilkie Collins' novel The Woman in White.
- Charles Dickens's novel Great Expectations (serialisation begins).
- George Eliot's novel The Mill on the Floss.
- Thomas Love Peacock's last novel Gryll Grange (serialisation).
- Robert Smith Surtees' comic novel Plain or Ringlets? (concludes publication).
- Anthony Trollope's novel Framley Parsonage (serialisation in the new Cornhill Magazine).
- The collection of broad-church essays on Christianity Essays and Reviews.
- The Western Morning News is first published (Plymouth, 3 January).[9]
Births
- 8 January – Emma Booth-Tucker, Salvationist (died 1903 in the United States)
- 21 February – Goscombe John, Welsh sculptor (died 1952)
- 25 February – William Ashley, economic historian (died 1927)
- 6 March – Frederick George Jackson, Arctic explorer (died 1938)
- 22 March – John George Bartholomew, Scottish cartographer (died 1920)
- 9 April – Emily Hobhouse, humanitarian, feminist and pacifist (died 1926)
- 2 May
- William Bayliss, physiologist (died 1924)
- John Scott Haldane, Scottish physiologist (died 1936)
- D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson, Scottish biologist (died 1948)
- 7 May – Tom Norman, showman (died 1930)
- 9 May – J. M. Barrie, author (died 1937)
- 30 May – Archibald Thorburn, wildlife painter (died 1935)
- 6 June – William Inge, dean and theologian (died 1954)
- 13 June – Lancelot Speed, illustrator (died 1931)
- 25 June – Sutherland Macdonald, tattoo artist (died 1942)
- 22 July – Frederick Rolfe, writer and artist (died 1913)
- 31 July – George Warrender, admiral (died 1917)
- 3 August – W. K. Dickson, inventor (died 1935)
- 5 August – Louis Wain, humorous artist (died 1939)
- 7 August – Alan Leo, born William F. Allan, astrologer (died 1917)
- 8 December – Amanda McKittrick Ros, born Anna McKittrick, Irish novelist and poet noted for her purple prose (died 1939)
- 20 December – Dan Leno, music hall comedian (died 1904)
Deaths
- 1 January – Thomas Hobbes Scott, clergyman (born 1783)
- 27 January – Thomas Brisbane, astronomer (born 1773)
- 17 March – Anna Brownell Jameson, cultural historian (born 1794)
- 25 March – James Braid, surgeon (born 1795)
- 4 May – William Ormsby-Gore, politician (born 1779)
- 12 May – Sir Charles Barry, architect (born 1795)
- 16 May – Anne Isabella Milbanke, wife of George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron (born 1792)
- 29 June – Thomas Addison, physician (born 1793)
- 17 July – Betsi Cadwaladr, Crimea nurse (born 1789)
- 3 August – Henry Wyndham, British Army General and Conservative Party politician (born 1790)
- 12 October – Sir Harry Smith, 1st Baronet, military commander (born 1787)
- 31 October – Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald, admiral (born 1775)
- 14 December – George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (born 1784)
References
- "Artists Rifles Association". 2006–2008. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
- Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 281–282. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
- "The Open Championship – More Scottish than British". PGA Tour official website. Archived from the original on 2 October 2012. Retrieved 5 December 2008.
- Jukes, Tony. "The development of Risca". Risca Industrial History Museum & OHIHS. Archived from the original on 29 September 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2010.
- "Risca Colliery". CoalHouse. BBC. 2008. Retrieved 18 October 2010.
- Rayner, Jay (19 January 2003). "Enduring Love". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
- Hyslop, Leah (30 October 2013). "Potted histories: fish and chips". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
- Moseley, Brian (May 2011). "Western Morning News". The Encyclopaedia of Plymouth History. Plymouth Data. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 13 February 2015.
See also
- List of Acts of Parliament of the United Kingdom Parliament, 1860-1879
- 1860 in Scotland
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