1912 in the United Kingdom
| 1912 in the United Kingdom |
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Events from the year 1912 in the United Kingdom.
Incumbents
- Monarch – George V
- Prime Minister – H. H. Asquith (Liberal)
- Parliament – 30th
Events
Scott and team near the South Pole, 17 January.
RMS Titanic departs from Southampton for the first and only time, 10 April.
- 1 January – General Post Office (GPO) takes over National Telephone Company.[1]
- 17 January – British polar explorer Robert Falcon Scott and a team of four reach the South Pole to find that Roald Amundsen had beaten them to it.[2]
- 31 January – G. K. Sowerby's drama Rutherford and Son premières at the Royal Court Theatre in London.[3][4][5]
- 2 February – With Our King and Queen Through India, a 2½-hour Kinemacolor feature film of the Delhi Durbar of 1911 made by Charles Urban, is first shown at the Scala Theatre, London.[6]
- 26 February–6 April – National coal strike of 1912.[7][8]
- 1 March – suffragettes smash shop windows in the West End of London, especially around Oxford Street.[9]
- 16 March – Lawrence Oates, ill member of Scott's South Pole expedition leaves the tent saying, "I am just going outside and may be some time". He is not seen again.[2]
- 19 March – minimum wage introduced for miners after national strike.[9]
- 29 March – the remaining members of Scott's expedition die.[2]
- 30 March – the University Boat Race on the Thames in London is abandoned after both crews sink.
- 1 April – the University Boat Race is restarted, and Oxford wins.
- 11 April – Irish Home Rule Bill introduced in the House of Commons, but fails to receive the support of the House of Lords.[9]
- 13 April – the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) is established by royal charter.
- 14–15 April – the RMS Titanic sinks: The White Star liner RMS Titanic strikes an iceberg and sinks on her maiden voyage from the United Kingdom to the United States.[2][10]
- 15 April – the syndicalist Daily Herald newspaper is first published on a permanent basis.
- 22 April – English aviator Denys Corbett Wilson completes the first aeroplane crossing of the Irish Sea, from Goodwick in Wales to Crane near Enniscorthy in Ireland.
- April/May – thousands of Jewish workers in London's garment trade in the West End strike, followed by thousands more in the East End inspired by Rudolf Rocker.
- May – Liberal Unionist Party formally merges into the Conservative And Unionist Party.
- 2 May – 3 July: Board of Trade inquiry into the sinking of the RMS Titanic.
- 5 May – 22 July: Great Britain and Ireland compete at the Olympics in Stockholm and win 10 gold, 15 silver and 16 bronze medals.
- 13 May – the Air Battalion Royal Engineers becomes the Military Wing of the Royal Flying Corps.
- 15 July – the National Insurance Act 1911 comes into force introducing National Insurance payments.[2]
- 27 July – Bonar Law, leader of the Conservative Party in opposition, makes a defiant speech at a massive Irish Unionist rally at Blenheim Palace against Irish Home Rule implying support for armed resistance to it in Ulster.
- August
- Cabinet ministers accused of corruption in the Marconi scandal.[9]
- wettest British August on record.[11]
- 10 August – Frank McClean flies a Short Brothers floatplane up the River Thames between the upper and lower parts of Tower Bridge and underneath London Bridge.[12]
- 25–27 August – the wet summer climaxes in a major rainstorm across England, causing floods particularly in Norfolk and Norwich.[13]
- September – the tradition of the Blackpool Illuminations begins.[14]
- 24 October – formation of the Edinburgh and Leith Branch of the Workers' Educational Association at a meeting addressed by Albert Mansbridge.
- 31 October – Robert Baden-Powell marries Olave St Clair Soames at Parkstone.[15]
- 5 November – establishment of the British Board of Film Censors.[2]
- 12 November – the bodies of Captain Scott and his team are found in the Antarctic.[2]
- 27 November – concerted suffragette attacks on pillar boxes.[16]
- 18 December – Piltdown Man, thought to be the fossilised remains of a hitherto unknown form of early human, presented to the Geological Society of London. It is revealed to be a hoax in 1953.[2]
Undated
- Sir Rufus Isaacs, the Attorney General, becomes the first Jew appointed to the Cabinet.
- Judges' Rules are issued by the judges of the King's Bench to give English police forces guidance on the procedures to be followed in detaining and questioning suspects.[17]
- Glucozade, the predecessor of Lucozade, is first produced.
Publications
- Walter de la Mare's The Listeners, and Other Poems.
- Ethel M. Dell's novels Greatheart and The Way of an Eagle.[18]
- Arthur Conan Doyle's novel The Lost World.
- The first Georgian Poetry anthology Georgian Poetry 1911–12 edited by Edward Marsh.
- Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell's book Principia Mathematica vol. 2, one of the most important and seminal works in mathematical logic and philosophy.
Births
- 16 January – Norman Gash, historian (born in India; died 2009)
- 17 January – Edward Fennessy, electrical engineer (died 2009)
- 20 January – Reg Smith, footballer and football manager (died 2004)
- 3 February – John Bryan Ward-Perkins, archaeologist (died 1981)
- 8 February – Ann Lambton, historian (died 2008)
- 12 February – Gabrielle Brune, actress (died 2005)
- 13 February – Margaretta Scott, actress (died 2005)
- 11 February – Roy Fuller, poet and novelist (died 1991)
- 27 February – Lawrence Durrell, writer (born in India; died 1990)
- 4 March – Judith Furse, character actress (died 1974)
- 5 March – David Astor, editor of The Observer newspaper (died 2001)
- 10 March – Muriel Angelus, actress (died 2004)
- 19 March – Bill Frankland, immunologist (died 2020)
- 23 March – Betty Astell, actress (died 2005)
- 25 March – Melita Norwood, née Sirnis, secret agent (died 2005)
- 27 March
- James Callaghan, Prime Minister (died 2005)
- John Crofton, medical pioneer (died 2009)
- 5 April – John Le Mesurier, actor (died 1983)
- 18 April – Sandy Glen, explorer (died 2004)
- 22 April – Kathleen Ferrier, contralto (died 1953)
- 4 May – Frith Banbury, actor and theatre director (died 2008)
- 7 May – Frank Reginald Carey, fighter pilot (died 2004)
- 17 May – Percy M. Young, musicologist and composer (died 2004)
- 19 May – Noel Mander, organ builder (died 2005)
- 22 May – Herbert C. Brown, chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2004)
- 28 May – Derek Cooper, soldier and campaigner for refugees (died 2007)
- 31 May – Alfred Deller, countertenor (died 1979)
- 8 June – Wilhelmina Barns-Graham, artist (died 2004)
- 10 June – William Gordon Harris, civil engineer (died 2005)
- 16 June – Enoch Powell, politician (died 1998)
- 19 June – Archie Butterworth, racing car designer (died 2005)
- 20 June – Anthony Buckeridge, author (died 2004)
- 23 June – Alan Turing, mathematician (died 1954)[19]
- 24 June
- Brian Johnston, BBC cricket commentator (died 1994)
- Mary Wesley, novelist (died 2002)
- 11 July – Peta Taylor, cricketer (died 1989)
- 17 July – Michael Gilbert, lawyer and crime fiction writer (died 2006)
- 13 August – Terence Wilmot Hutchison, economist (died 2007)
- 16 August – Ted Drake, footballer (died 1995)
- 16 August – Wendy Hiller, actress (died 2003)
- 1 September – Gwynfor Evans, politician (died 2005)
- 2 September – David Daiches, literary critic (died 2005)
- 11 September – Robin Jenkins, novelist (died 2005)
- 18 September – Frank Farmer, physicist (died 2004)
- 28 September – Peter Finch, actor (died 1977)
- 2 October – Eric Wilson, soldier (died 2008)
- 24 October – Peter Gellhorn, composer and conductor (born in Germany; died 2004)
- 28 October – Richard Doll, physiologist (died 2005)
- 30 October – Ian Robertson, Lord Robertson, judge (died 2005)
- 7 November – Alex Henshaw, test pilot (died 2007)
- 13 November – John Hill, politician (died 2007)
- 25 November – Francis Durbridge, playwright and author (died 1998)
- 27 December
- Conroy Maddox, painter (died 2005)
- Cyril Philips, historian (died 2005)
Deaths
- 14 January – Samuel W. Johnson, railway engineer (Midland Railway) (born 1831)
- 10 February – Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister, surgeon (born 1827)
- 17 February – Edgar Evans, Welsh-born naval officer (born 1876), member of the Scott expedition to the South Pole
- 21 February – Osborne Reynolds, physicist (born 1842)
- 1 March – George Grossmith, actor and comic writer (born 1847)
- 17 March – Lawrence Oates, army officer (born 1880), member of the Scott expedition
- 29 March – remaining members of the Scott expedition:
- Henry Bowers, Scottish-born naval officer (born 1883)
- Robert Falcon Scott, naval officer and explorer (born 1868)
- Edward Wilson, physician and naturalist (born 1872)
- 15 April – some victims of the sinking of the RMS Titanic:
- Thomas Andrews, Jr., shipbuilder (born 1873)
- Thomas Byles, Catholic priest (born 1870)
- Wallace Hartley, ship's band leader and violinist (born 1878)
- Jack Phillips, ship's senior wireless officer (born 1887)
- Edward Smith, ship's captain (born 1850)
- William Thomas Stead, campaigning journalist (born 1849)
- 20 April – Bram Stoker, writer (born 1847)
- 21 May – Julius Wernher, art collector (born 1850)
- 2 July – Tom Richardson, cricketer (born 1870)
- 13 August – Octavia Hill, social reformer (born 1838)
- 20 August – William Booth, founder of the Salvation Army (born 1829)
- 1 September – Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, composer (born 1875)
- 8 November – Dugald Drummond, railway engineer (born 1840)
- 17 November – Richard Norman Shaw, architect (born 1831)
See also
References
- Freshwater, Robert (2010). "A History of the British Post Office (BPO)". The Telephone File. Archived from the original on 23 September 2010. Retrieved 9 September 2010.
- Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
- Brown, Mark (14 August 2009). "Githa Sowerby, the forgotten playwright, returns to the stage". The Guardian. Retrieved 25 February 2013.
- "Tyneside honours forgotten writer". BBC. 26 August 2009. Retrieved 25 February 2013.
- Hodgson, Barbara (17 September 2009). "Author Is Brought Back to Life". The Journal. Newcastle upon Tyne. Retrieved 25 February 2013.
- "The Delhi Durbar". Charles Urban, Motion Picture Pioneer. 2006. Archived from the original on 8 July 2011. Retrieved 20 January 2011.
- The Annual Register.
- Gill, Peter (23 April 2008). "National Coal Strike". Archived from the original on 20 September 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.
- Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 346–347. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- Lord, Walter (1955). A Night to Remember. New York: Holt.
- Simons, Paul (2008). Since Records Began. London: Collins. pp. 75–8. ISBN 978-0-00-728463-4.
- "Sir Francis McClean Pioneer Aviator". Obituaries. The Times (53297). London. 12 August 1955. p. 11C.
- "The Great Flood – 1912". Norfolkcoast. 2006. Retrieved 9 September 2010.
- "History of the Lights". Visit Blackpool. Archived from the original on 4 October 2012. Retrieved 1 September 2012.
- "Olave St Clair Baden-Powell (née Soames), Baroness Baden-Powell; Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell". National Portrait Gallery, London. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
- Farrugia, Jean Young (1969). The Letter Box: a history of Post Office pillar and wall boxes. Fontwell: Centaur Press. ISBN 0-900000-14-7.
- St. Johnston, T. E. (1966). "Judges' Rules and Police Interrogation in England Today". Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. 57 (1). Retrieved 14 December 2014.
- Leavis, Q. D. (1965). Fiction and the Reading Public (rev. ed.). London: Chatto & Windus.
- "Alan Turing | Biography, Facts, & Education". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
See also
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