1914 United States Senate elections

1914 United States Senate elections
	November 3, 1914
	November 3, 1914
34 of the 96 seats in the United States Senate; 49 seats needed for a majority
	Results including special elections; Democratic gains Republican gains; Democratic holds Republican holds
Majority conference chairman before election; John W. Kern; Democratic	Elected Majority conference chairman ; John W. Kern; Democratic

The United States Senate elections of 1914, with the ratification of the 17th Amendment in 1913, were the first time that all seats up for election were popularly elected instead of chosen by their state legislatures. These elections occurred in the middle of Democratic President Woodrow Wilson's first term.

Gains and losses

Three seats held by Republicans were won by Democrats:

California: Republican George Clement Perkins retired and was replaced by Democrat James D. Phelan.
South Dakota: Republican Coe I. Crawford lost renomination and was replaced by Democrat Edwin S. Johnson.
Wisconsin: Republican Isaac Stephenson retired and was replaced by Democrat Paul O. Husting.

One incumbent senator, not up for re-election, later changed from Progressive to Republican.

Senate Party Division, 64th Congress (1915–1917)

Majority Party: Democratic (55 seats)
Minority Party: Republican (41 seats)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 96

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

At the beginning of 1914.

D₃₉ Ran	D₄₀ Ran	D₄₁ Ran	D₄₂ Ran	D₄₃ Ran	D₄₄ Ran	D₄₅ Ran	D₄₆ Ran	D₄₇ Ran	D₄₈ Retired
		D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅	D₆	D₇	D₈
D₁₈	D₁₇	D₁₆	D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉
D₁₉	D₂₀	D₂₁	D₂₂	D₂₃	D₂₄	D₂₅	D₂₆	D₂₇	D₂₈
D₃₈ Ran	D₃₇ Ran	D₃₆ Ran	D₃₅ Ran	D₃₄	D₃₃	D₃₂	D₃₁	D₃₀	D₂₉
Majority →									D₄₈ Retired
R₃₉ Ran	R₄₀ Ran	R₄₁ Ran	R₄₂ Retired	R₄₃ Retired	R₄₄ Retired	P₁	V₁	D₅₀ Retired	D₄₉ Retired
R₃₈ Ran	R₃₇ Ran	R₃₆ Ran	R₃₅ Ran	R₃₄ Ran	R₃₃ Ran	R₃₂ Ran	R₃₁ Ran	R₃₀ Ran	R₂₉ Ran
R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄	R₂₅	R₂₆	R₂₇ Ran	R₂₈ Ran
R₁₈	R₁₇	R₁₆	R₁₅	R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉
		R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅	R₆	R₇	R₈

Result of the general elections

D₃₉ Re-elected	D₄₀ Re-elected	D₄₁ Re-elected	D₄₂ Re-elected	D₄₃ Re-elected	D₄₄ Re-elected	D₄₅ Re-elected	D₄₆ Re-elected	D₄₇ Re-elected	D₄₈ Hold
		D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅	D₆	D₇	D₈
D₁₈	D₁₇	D₁₆	D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉
D₁₉	D₂₀	D₂₁	D₂₂	D₂₃	D₂₄	D₂₅	D₂₆	D₂₇	D₂₈
D₃₈ Re-elected	D₃₇ Re-elected	D₃₆ Re-elected	D₃₅ Re-elected	D₃₄	D₃₃	D₃₂	D₃₁	D₃₀	D₂₉
Majority →									D₄₈ Hold
R₃₉ Hold	R₄₀ Hold	R₄₁ Hold	P₁	V₁	D₅₃ Gain	D₅₂ Gain	D₅₁ Gain	D₅₀ Hold	D₄₉ Hold
R₃₈ Re-elected	R₃₇ Re-elected	R₃₆ Re-elected	R₃₅ Re-elected	R₃₄ Re-elected	R₃₃ Re-elected	R₃₂ Re-elected	R₃₁ Re-elected	R₃₀ Re-elected	R₂₉ Re-elected
R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄	R₂₅	R₂₆	R₂₇ Re-elected	R₂₈ Re-elected
R₁₈	R₁₇	R₁₆	R₁₅	R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉
		R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅	R₆	R₇	R₈

Beginning of the next Congress

		D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅	D₆	D₇	D₈
D₁₈	D₁₇	D₁₆	D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉
D₁₉	D₂₀	D₂₁	D₂₂	D₂₃	D₂₄	D₂₅	D₂₆	D₂₇	D₂₈
D₃₈	D₃₇	D₃₆	D₃₅	D₃₄	D₃₃	D₃₂	D₃₁	D₃₀	D₂₉
D₃₉	D₄₀	D₄₁	D₄₂	D₄₃	D₄₄	D₄₅	D₄₆	D₄₇	D₄₈
Majority →									D₄₉
R₃₉	R₄₀	R₄₁ Change	D₅₅ Gain	D₅₄ Gain	D₅₃	D₅₂	D₅₁	D₅₀	D₄₉
R₃₈	R₃₇	R₃₆	R₃₅	R₃₄	R₃₃	R₃₂	R₃₁	R₃₀	R₂₉
R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄	R₂₅	R₂₆	R₂₇	R₂₈
R₁₈	R₁₇	R₁₆	R₁₅	R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉
		R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅	R₆	R₇	R₈

Beginning of the first session

[data unknown/missing]

Key:

D_#	Democratic
P_#	Progressive
R_#	Republican
V_#	Vacant

Summary of races

Special elections during the 63rd Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated once elected and qualified; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Alabama (Class 3)	Vacant			Joseph F. Johnston (D) died August 8, 1913. New senator elected May 11, 1914. Democratic hold.	Y Francis S. White (Democratic) Unopposed
Georgia (Class 2)	William West	Democratic	1914 (Appointed)	Appointee retired. New senator elected November 3, 1914. Democratic hold.	Y Thomas W. Hardwick (Democratic) 68.96% G. R. Hutchins (Progressive) 31.04%[1]
Kentucky (Class 3)	Johnson N. Camden Jr.	Democratic	1914 (Appointed)	Interim appointee elected November 3, 1914. Winner did not run for the next term, see below.	Y Johnson N. Camden Jr. (Democratic) 53.98% William Marshall Bullitt (Republican) 40.43%[2]

Races leading to the 64th Congress

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1915; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Alabama	Francis S. White	Democratic	1914 (Special)	Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic hold.	Y Oscar Underwood (Democratic) 90.2% Alex Birch (Republican) 6.8% Adolphus Longshore (Progressive) 2.35% S. F. Hinton (Socialist) 0.64%[3]
Arizona	Marcus A. Smith	Democratic	1912	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Marcus A. Smith (Democratic) 53.23% Don Lorenzo Hubbell (Republican) 18.95% Eugene W. Chafin (Prohibition) 15.05% Bert Davis (Socialist) 7.39% J. Bernard Nelson (Progressive) 5.38%[4]
Arkansas	James Paul Clarke	Democratic	1903 1909	Incumbent re-elected.	Y James Paul Clarke (Democratic) 74.88% Harry H. Myers (Republican) 25.12%[5]
California	George Clement Perkins	Republican	1893 (Appointed) 1895 (Special) 1897 1903 1909	Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	Y James D. Phelan (Democratic) 31.59% Francis J. Heney (Progressive) 28.81% Joseph R. Knowland (Republican) 28.69% Ernest Untermann (Socialist) 6.41% Frederick F. Wheeler (Prohibition) 4.51%[6]
Colorado	Charles S. Thomas	Democratic	1913 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Charles S. Thomas (Democratic) 40.3% Hubert Work (Republican) 38.99% Benjamin Griffith (Progressive) 10.69% J. C. Griffiths (Socialist) 5.51% George J. Kindel (Independent) 4.52%[7]
Connecticut	Frank B. Brandegee	Republican	1905 (Special) 1909	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Frank B. Brandegee (Republican) 49.77% Simeon Eben Baldwin (Democratic) 42.08% Herbert Smith (Progressive) 3.79% George Spiess (Socialist) 3.26% Frederick Platt (Prohibition) 0.75% Clarence Warner (Socialist Labor) 0.36%[8]
Florida	Duncan U. Fletcher	Democratic	1909 (Appointed) 1909 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Duncan U. Fletcher (Democratic) Unopposed[9]
Georgia	M. Hoke Smith	Democratic	1911 (Special).	Incumbent re-elected.	Y M. Hoke Smith (Democratic) 68.48% C. W. McClure (Republican) 31.52%[10]
Idaho	James H. Brady	Republican	1913 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	Y James H. Brady (Republican) 43.89% James H. Hawley (Democratic) 38.14% Paul Clagstone (Progressive) 9.54% Calistus Cooper (Socialist) 7.29% W. M. Duthie (Prohibition) 1.14%[11]
Illinois	Lawrence Y. Sherman	Republican	1913 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Lawrence Sherman (Republican) 38.46% Roger Charles Sullivan (Democratic) 36.76% Raymond Robins (Progressive) 19.99% Adolph Gernies (Socialist) 3.93% George Woolsey (Prohibition) 0.66% John M. Francis (Socialist Labor) 0.21%[12]
Indiana	Benjamin F. Shively	Democratic	1909	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Benjamin F. Shively (Democratic) 42.14% Hugh T. Miller (Republican) 35.1% Albert J. Beveridge (Progressive) 16.81% Stephen N. Reynolds (Socialist) 3.36% Sumner Haynes (Prohibition) 2.15% James Matthews (Socialist Labor) 0.45%[13]
Iowa	Albert B. Cummins	Republican	1908 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Albert B. Cummins (Republican) 48.19% Maurice Connolly (Democratic) 39.16% Otis Spurgeon (Independent) 5.73% Casper Schenk (Progressive) 3.53% I. S. McCullis (Socialist) 1.98% M. L. Christian (Prohibition) 1.41%[14]
Kansas	Joseph L. Bristow	Republican	1909	Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected.[15] Republican hold.	Y Charles Curtis (Republican) 35.53% George A. Neeley (Democratic) 34.77% Victor Murdock (Progressive) 22.94% Christian B. Hoffman (Socialist) 4.82% Earle Delay (Prohibition) 1.94%[16]
Kentucky	Johnson N. Camden Jr.	Democratic	1914 (Appointed) 1914 (Special)	Interim appointee retired. New senator elected. Democratic hold.	Y J. C. W. Beckham (Democratic) 51.89% Augustus E. Willson (Republican) 42.53% Burton Vance (Progressive) 4.15% H. J. Robertson (Socialist) 1.44%[17]
Louisiana	John Thornton	Democratic	1910 (Special)	Incumbent retired. New senator had already been elected early May 21, 1912. Democratic hold.	Y Robert F. Broussard (Democratic) Unopposed[18][19]
Maryland	John W. Smith	Democratic	1908 (Special) 1908	Incumbent re-elected.	Y John W. Smith (Democratic) 50.99% Edward C Carrington Jr. (Republican) 43.89% V. Milton Reichard (Progressive) 1.71% Charles Develin (Socialist) 1.51% Richard H. Holme (Prohibition) 1.46% Robert W. Stevens (Labor) 0.45%[20]
Missouri	William J. Stone	Democratic	1903 1909	Incumbent re-elected.	Y William J. Stone (Democratic) 50.41% Thomas J. Akins (Republican) 41.58% Arthur N. Sager (Progressive) 4.47% Thomas E. Greene (Socialist) 2.76% Orange J. Hill (Prohibition) 0.59% J. W. Molineaux (Socialist Labor) 0.2%[21]
Nevada	Francis G. Newlands	Democratic	1909	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Francis G. Newlands (Democratic) 37.46% Samuel Platt (Republican) 37.27% Ashley G. Miller (Socialist) 25.28%[22]
New Hampshire	Jacob Gallinger	Republican	1891 1897 1903 1909	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Jacob Gallinger (Republican) 51.66% Raymond Stevens (Democratic) 44.63% Benjamin F. Grier (Prohibition) 2.38% William H. Wilkins (Socialist) 1.34%[23]
New York	Elihu Root	Republican	1909	Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican hold.	Y James Wadsworth (Republican) 47.04% James W. Gerard (Democratic) 42.06% Bainbridge Colby (Progressive) 4.56% Charles Edward Russell (Socialist) 4.07% Francis E. Baldwin (Prohibition) 2.05% Erwin Archer (Socialist Labor) 0.23%
North Carolina	Lee Slater Overman	Democratic	1903 1909	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Lee Slater Overman (Democratic) 58.1% A.A. Whitener (Republican) 41.7% Henry J. Oliver (Socialist) 0.2%[24]
North Dakota	Asle Gronna	Republican	1911 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Asle Gronna (Republican) 55.82% William E. Purcell (Democratic) 33.95% W. H. Brown (Socialist) 7.14% Sever Serumgard (Independent) 3.1%[25]
Ohio	Theodore E. Burton	Republican	1909	Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican hold.	Y Warren G. Harding (Republican) 49.16% Timothy S. Hogan (Democratic) 39.6% Arthur Lovett Garford (Progressive) 6.31% E. K. Hitchens (Socialist) 4.93%[26]
Oklahoma	Thomas Gore	Democratic	1907 (New state) 1909	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Thomas Gore (Democratic) 47.98% John B. Campbell (Republican) 29.44% W. D. Cope (Socialist) 20.99% Luther Kyle (Prohibition) 1.59%[27]
Oregon	George Chamberlain	Democratic	1909	Incumbent re-elected.	Y George Chamberlain (Democratic) 45.5% R. A. Booth (Republican) 35.95% William Hanley (Progressive) 10.68% Benjamin Ramp (Socialist) 4.34% H. S. Stine (Prohibition) 3.52%[28]
Pennsylvania	Boies Penrose	Republican	1897 1903 1909	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Boies Penrose (Republican) 46.76% Gifford Pinchot (Progressive) 24.22% A. Mitchell Palmer (Democratic) 23.97% Frederick Whiteside (Socialist) 3.41% Madison Larkin (Prohibition) 1.58% A. S. Landis (Socialist Labor) 0.06%[29]
South Carolina	Ellison D. Smith	Democratic	1909	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Ellison D. Smith (Democratic) 99.7% James H. Roberts (Socialist) 0.3%
South Dakota	Coe I. Crawford	Republican	1909	Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	Y Edwin S. Johnson (Democratic) 48.32% Charles H. Burke (Republican) 44.47% E. P. Johnson (Socialist) 2.69% O. W. Butterfield (Prohibition) 2.42% H. L. Loucks (Independent) 2.11%[30]
Utah	Reed Smoot	Republican	1903 1909	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Reed Smoot (Republican) 49.08% James Moyle (Democratic) 46.33% J. F. Parsons (Socialist) 4.59%[31]
Vermont	William P. Dillingham	Republican	1900 (Special) 1902 1908	Incumbent re-elected.	Y William P. Dillingham (Republican) 56.05% Charles A. Prouty (Democratic) 42.69% James H. Canfield (Socialist) 1.23%[32]
Washington	Wesley Livsey Jones	Republican	1909	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Wesley Livsey Jones (Republican) 37.79% William W. Black (Democratic) 26.57% Ole Hanson (Progressive) 24.12% Adam Barth (Socialist) 8.76% Arthur Caton (Prohibition) 2.77%[33]
Wisconsin	Isaac Stephenson	Republican	1907 (Special) 1909	Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	Y Paul O. Husting (Democratic) 43.82% Francis E. McGovern (Republican) 43.5% Emil Seidel (Socialist) 9.67% Charles L. Hill (Prohibition) 3.01%[34]

Alabama

Senator Francis S. White

Democrat Joseph F. Johnston died August 8, 1913. Democrat Henry D. Clayton was appointed August 12, 1913, but his appointment was challenged and withdrawn. Democrat Franklin P. Glass was appointed November 17, 1913, but the Senate refused to seat him.[35]

Alabama (Special)

Democrat Francis S. White was elected May 11, 1914 to finish the current term that would end in 1915.

Alabama (General)

Democrat Francis S. White was then re-elected in November 1914 to the next term.

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Florida

Georgia

Senator Thomas W. Hardwick

Senator M. Hoke Smith

Georgia (Special)

Democratic appointee William West retired and Democrat Thomas W. Hardwick was elected November 3, 1914 to finish the term that would end in 1919.

Georgia (General)

Democrat M. Hoke Smith was re-elected.

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Senator Johnson N. Camden

Senator John C. W. Beckham

Republican William O. Bradley died May 23, 1914 and Democrat Johnson N. Camden was appointed June 16, 1914 to continue the term, pending a special election.

Kentucky (Special)

Democratic appointee Johnson N. Camden was elected in November to finish the term ending 1915.

Kentucky (General)

Democratic appointee Johnson N. Camden was not a candidate for the next term, instead returning to agricultural activities on a farm. Democrat John C. W. Beckham was elected.

Louisiana

Maryland

Missouri

Nevada

New Hampshire

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

South Carolina

South Dakota

Utah

Vermont

Washington

Wisconsin

Notes

as Conference Chairman

References

"GA US Senate - Special Election Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"Container Detail Page". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"AL Senate Race - Nov 08, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"AZ US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"AR US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"CA US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"CO US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"CT US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"FL US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"GA US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"ID US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"IL US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"IN US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"IA US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"BRISTOW, Joseph Little - Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. March 3, 1915. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"KS US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"KY US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
United States Senators Chosen, 1912, p. 457.
"LA US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"MD US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"MO US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"NV US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"NH US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"NC US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"ND US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"OH US Senate Race - Nov 08, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"OK US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"OR US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"SD US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"CRAWFORD, Coe Isaac - Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"UT US Senate 2 Race - Nov 02, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"VT US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"WA US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
"WI US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
Byrd, p. 340.

Bibliography

"Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present". United States Senate – via Senate.gov.
Byrd, Robert C. (October 1, 1993). Wolff, Wendy (ed.). The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789-1992. United States Senate Historical Office (volume 4 Bicentennial ed.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office – via Google Books.
Cox, Harold (January 31, 2007). "Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006". The Wilkes University Election Statistics Project. Wilkes University.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[Chair-1] s Conference Chairman

[2] "GA US Senate - Special Election Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[3] "Container Detail Page". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[4] "AL Senate Race - Nov 08, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[5] "AZ US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[6] "AR US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[7] "CA US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[8] "CO US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[9] "CT US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[10] "FL US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[11] "GA US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[12] "ID US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[13] "IL US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[14] "IN US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[15] "IA US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[16] "BRISTOW, Joseph Little - Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. March 3, 1915. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[17] "KS US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[18] "KY US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senators_Chosen,_1912457-19] United States Senators Chosen, 1912, p. 457.

[20] "LA US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[21] "MD US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[22] "MO US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[23] "NV US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[24] "NH US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[25] "NC US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[26] "ND US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[27] "OH US Senate Race - Nov 08, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[28] "OK US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[29] "OR US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[30] "SD US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[31] "CRAWFORD, Coe Isaac - Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[32] "UT US Senate 2 Race - Nov 02, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[33] "VT US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[34] "WA US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[35] "WI US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.

[FOOTNOTEByrd340-36] Byrd, p. 340.

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