1932 United States Senate elections

The United States Senate elections of 1932 coincided with Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt's crushing defeat of incumbent Herbert Hoover in the presidential election. With the Hoover administration widely blamed for the Great Depression, Republicans lost twelve seats and control of the chamber.

1932 United States Senate elections

November 8, 1932

32 of the 96 seats in the United States Senate
49 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader Joseph Robinson James Watson
(Lost re-election)
Party Democratic Republican
Leader since December 3, 1923 March 4, 1929
Leader's seat Arkansas Indiana
Seats before 47 48
Seats after 58[lower-alpha 1][1] 37[lower-alpha 1]
Seat change 11 11
Seats up 16 16
Races won 27 5

  Third party
 
Party Farmer–Labor
Seats before 1
Seats after 1
Seat change
Seats up 0
Races won 0

Results including special elections
     Democratic gain      Republican gain
     Democratic hold      Republican hold

Majority Leader before election

James Watson
Republican

Elected Majority Leader

Joseph Robinson
Democratic

This was the first time since the 1920 elections that the victorious party defended all of their own seats and achieved a pickup in the double-digits. Senator Reed Smoot (R-UT) lost re-election: although economists disagree by how much, the consensus view among economists and economic historians is that "The passage of [his] Smoot-Hawley tariff exacerbated the Great Depression."[2]

Gains and losses

Incumbents who lost renomination

Democrats took three seats from Republican incumbents:

  1. California: Two-term Republican Samuel M. Shortridge lost renomination to Tallant Tubbs, who in turn, lost the general election to Democrat William G. McAdoo.
  2. Iowa: One-term Republican Smith W. Brookhart lost renomination to Henry Field, who in turn, lost the general election to Democrat Richard L. Murphy.
  3. Wisconsin: One-term Republican John J. Blaine lost renomination to John B. Chapple, who in turn, lost the general election to Democrat F. Ryan Duffy.

Incumbents who lost re-election

Democrats defeated eight Republican incumbents:

  1. Connecticut: Two-term Republican Hiram Bingham lost to Democratic challenger, Augustine Lonergan.
  2. Idaho: One-term Republican John Thomas lost to Democratic challenger, James Pope.
  3. Illinois: One-term Republican Otis F. Glenn lost to Democratic challenger, William H. Dieterich.
  4. Indiana: Three-term Republican James E. Watson lost to Democratic challenger, Frederick Van Nuys.
  5. Nevada: Two-term Republican Tasker L. Oddie lost to Democratic challenger, Patrick A. McCarran.
  6. New Hampshire: Three-term Republican George H. Moses lost to Democratic challenger Fred H. Brown.
  7. Utah: Five-term Republican Reed Smoot lost to Democratic challenger Elbert D. Thomas.
  8. Washington: Four-term Republican Wesley L. Jones lost to Democratic challenger Homer T. Bone.

Milestones

  • First election in which a Senate leader lost re-election: Majority Leader James E. Watson (R-IN)
  • First woman to be elected to a full term in the Senate: Hattie Caraway (D-AR)
  • Last Democrat (as of 2017) to be elected from Kansas: George McGill (D-KS)

Change in composition

Before the elections

Going into the November 1932 elections.

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8
D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9
D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28
D38
Ky.
Ran
D37
Kan.
Ran
D36
Ga.
Ran
D35
Fla.
Ran
D34
Ark.
Ran
D33
Ariz.
Ran
D32
Ala.
Ran
D31 D30 D29
D39
La.
Ran
D40
Md.
Ran
D41
N.Y.
Ran
D42
N.C.
Ran
D43
Ohio
Ran
D44
Okla.
Ran
D45
S.C.
Ran
D46
Colo.
Retired
D47
Mo.
Retired
FL1
Plurality → R48
Wisc.
Ran
R39
Nev.
Ran
R40
N.H.
Ran
R41
N.D.
Ran
R42
Ore.
Ran
R43
Pa.
Ran
R44
S.D.
Ran
R45
Utah
Ran
R46
Vt.
Ran
R47
Wash.
Ran
R38
Iowa
Ran
R37
Ind.
Ran
R36
Ill.
Ran
R35
Idaho
Ran
R34
Conn.
Ran
R33
Calif.
Ran
R32 R31 R30 R29
R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R26 R27 R28
R18 R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8

Result of the general elections

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8
D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9
D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28
D38
Ky.
Re-elected
D37
Kan.
Re-elected
D36
Ga.
Re-elected
D35
Fla.
Re-elected
D34
Ark.
Re-elected
D33
Ariz.
Re-elected
D32
Ala.
Re-elected
D31 D30 D29
D39
Md.
Re-elected
D40
N.Y.
Re-elected
D41
Ohio
Re-elected
D42
Okla.
Re-elected
D43
S.C.
Re-elected
D44
Colo.
Hold
D45
La.
Hold
D46
Mo.
Hold
D47
N.C.
Hold
D48
Calif.
Gain
Majority → D49
Conn.
Gain
D58
Wisc.
Gain
D57
Wash.
Gain
D56
Utah
Gain
D55
N.H.
Gain
D54
Nev.
Gain
D53
Iowa
Gain
D52
Ind.
Gain
D51
Ill.
Gain
D50
Idaho
Gain
FL1 R37
Vt.
Re-elected
R36
S.D.
Re-elected
R35
Pa.
Re-elected
R34
Ore.
Re-elected
R33
N.D.
Re-elected
R32 R31 R30 R29
R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R26 R27 R28
R18 R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8
Key:
D# Democratic
FL# Farmer–Labor
R# Republican

Race summary

All races are general elections for class 3 seats, unless noted.

Elections during the 72nd Congress

In these elections, the winners were elected and seated during 1932; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Arkansas
(Class 3)
Hattie Wyatt Caraway Democratic 1931 (Appointed) Interim appointee elected January 12, 1932.
Democratic hold.
Winner was subsequently re-elected in November.
Colorado
(Class 3)
Walter Walker Democratic 1929 (Appointed) Interim appointee lost election to finish the term.
New senator elected November 8, 1932.
Republican gain.
Winner was not elected to the next term, see below.
New Jersey
(Class 2)
William Warren Barbour Republican 1931 (Appointed) Interim appointee elected November 8, 1932.
North Carolina
(Class 3)
Cameron A. Morrison Democratic 1930 (Appointed) Interim appointee lost nomination to finish the term.
New senator elected November 8, 1932.
Democratic hold.
Winner was also elected to next term, see below.
  • Y Robert R. Reynolds (Democratic) 68.7%
  • Jake F. Newell (Republican) 31.3%[5]

Elections leading to the 73rd Congress

All elections are for Class 3 seats.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Alabama Hugo Black Democratic 1926 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Hugo Black (Democratic) 86.3%
  • J. Theodore Johnson (Republican) 13.8%
Arizona Carl Hayden Democratic 1926 Incumbent re-elected.
Arkansas Hattie Wyatt Caraway Democratic 1931 (Appointed) Interim appointee elected.
California Samuel M. Shortridge Republican 1920
1926
Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected.
Democratic gain.
Colorado Walter Walker Democratic 1932 (Appointed) Interim appointee retired.
New senator elected.
Democratic hold.
Winner was not elected to finish the term, see above.
Connecticut Hiram Bingham III Republican 1924 (Special)
1926
Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Democratic gain.
Florida Duncan U. Fletcher Democratic 1909 (Appointed)
1909 (Special)
1914
1920
1926
Incumbent re-elected.
Georgia Walter F. George Democratic 1922 (Special)
1926
Incumbent re-elected.
Idaho John W. Thomas Republican 1928 (Appointed)
1928 (Special)
Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Democratic gain.
Illinois Otis F. Glenn Republican 1928 (Special) Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Democratic gain.
Indiana James Eli Watson Republican 1916 (Special)
1920
1926
Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Democratic gain.
Iowa Smith W. Brookhart Republican 1926 Incumbent lost renomination.
Incumbent lost re-election as an Independent.
New senator elected.
Democratic gain.
Kansas George McGill Democratic 1930 (Special) Incumbent re-elected.
Kentucky Alben W. Barkley Democratic 1926 Incumbent re-elected.
Louisiana Edwin S. Broussard Democratic 1920
1926
Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected.
Democratic hold.
Maryland Millard Tydings Democratic 1926 Incumbent re-elected.
Missouri Harry B. Hawes Democratic 1926 (Special)
1926
Incumbent retired.
New senator elected.
Democratic hold.
Incumbent then resigned and winner was appointed to finish the current term.
Nevada Tasker Oddie Republican 1920
1926
Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Democratic gain.
New Hampshire George H. Moses Republican 1918 (Special)
1920
1926
Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Democratic gain.
New York Robert F. Wagner Democratic 1926 Incumbent re-elected.
North Carolina Cameron A. Morrison Democratic 1930 (Appointed) Interim appointee lost nomination.
New senator elected.
Democratic hold.
Winner was also elected to finish the current term, see above.
  • Y Robert R. Reynolds (Democratic) 68.6%
  • Jake F. Newell (Republican) 31.4%[5]
North Dakota Gerald P. Nye Republican 1925 (Appointed)
1926 (Special)
Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Gerald P. Nye (Republican) 72.3%
  • P. W. Lanier (Democratic) 27.5%
Ohio Robert J. Bulkley Democratic 1930 (Special) Incumbent re-elected.
Oklahoma Elmer Thomas Democratic 1926 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Elmer Thomas (Democratic) 65.6%
  • Wirt Franklin (Republican) 33.7%
Oregon Frederick Steiwer Republican 1926 Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania James J. Davis Republican 1930 (Special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y James J. Davis (Republican) 49.3%
  • Lawrence H. Rupp (Democratic) 43.2%
South Carolina Ellison D. Smith Democratic 1909
1914
1920
1926
Incumbent re-elected.
South Dakota Peter Norbeck Republican 1920
1926
Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Peter Norbeck (Republican) 53.8%
  • U.S.G. Cherry (Democratic) 44.6%
Utah Reed Smoot Republican 1903
1909
1914
1920
1926
Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Democratic gain.
Vermont Porter H. Dale Republican 1909 (Appointed)
1923 (Special)
1926
Incumbent re-elected.
Washington Wesley Livsey Jones Republican 1909
1914
1920
1926
Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Democratic gain.
Incumbent then died November 19, 1932 and Elijah S. Grammer (R) was appointed to finish the current term.
Wisconsin John J. Blaine Republican 1926 Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected.
Democratic gain.

Alabama

Alabama election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Hugo Black (Incumbent) 209,614 86.25%
Republican J. Theodore Johnson 33,425 13.75%
Majority 176,189 72.50%
Turnout 243,039
Democratic hold

Arizona

1932 United States Senate election in Arizona[7]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Democratic Carl T. Hayden 74,310 66.67%
Republican Ralph H. Cameron 35,737 32.06%
Socialist Lester B. Woolever 1,110 1.00%
Communist Edward Haustgen 306 0.28%
Majority 38,573 34.61%
Turnout 111,463
Democratic gain from Republican Swing

Arkansas

Arkansas general election, November 8, 1932[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Hattie Wyatt Caraway (Incumbent) 187,994 89.71%
Republican John W. White 21,558 10.29%
Majority 166,436 79.42%
Turnout 209,552
Democratic hold

Arkansas (Special)

Arkansas special election, January 12, 1932[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Hattie Wyatt Caraway (Incumbent) 31,133 91.62%
Independent Rex Floyd 1,752 5.16%
Independent Sam D. Carson 1,095 3.22%
Majority
Turnout 1.83%
Democratic hold

California

California election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic William Gibbs McAdoo 943,164 43.39%
Republican Tallant Tubbs 669,676 30.81%
Prohibition Robert P. Shuler 560,088 25.76%
Write-In George R. Kirkpatrick 466 0.02%
None Scattering 440 0.02%
Majority 273,488 12.58%
Turnout 2,173,834
Democratic gain from Republican

Colorado

Colorado election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Alva B. Adams 226,516 52.23%
Republican Karl C. Schuyler 198,519 45.78%
Socialist Carle Whitehead 8,636 1.99%
Majority 27,997 6.45%
Turnout 433,671
Democratic hold

Colorado (Special)

Connecticut

Connecticut election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Augustine Lonergan 282,327 47.50%
Republican Hiram Bingham III (Incumbent) 278,061 46.78%
Socialist Devere Allen 19,774 3.33%
Independent Republican Milton Conover 10,621 1.79%
Socialist Labor John L. Grennan 2,243 0.38%
Communist William Secker 1,376 0.23%
Majority 4,266 0.72%
Turnout 594,402
Democratic gain from Republican

Florida

Florida election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Duncan U. Fletcher (Incumbent)
Turnout 204,651
Democratic hold

Georgia

Georgia election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Walter F. George (Incumbent) 234,490 92.82%
Republican James W. Arnold 18,151 7.18%
Majority 216,339 85.64%
Turnout 252,641
Democratic hold

Georgia (Special)

Democratic incumbent William J. Harris died April 18, 1932. Richard B. Russell Jr., the Democratic Governor of Georgia, appointed fellow-Democrat John S. Cohen April 25, 1932 to continue the term but Cohen was not a candidate for election.

Russell then won the September 14, 1932 Democratic primary over Charles R. Crisp, 57.72% to 42.28%.[8] Russell was then unopposed in the November 8, 1932 special election.[9]

Idaho

Idaho election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic James P. Pope 103,020 55.64%
Republican John W. Thomas (Incumbent) 78,325 42.30%
Liberty Oliason 3,801 2.05%
Majority 24,695 13.34%
Turnout 185,146
Democratic gain from Republican

Illinois

Illinois election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic William H. Dieterich 1,670,466 52.23%
Republican Otis F. Glenn (Incumbent) 1,471,841 46.02%
Prohibition Enoch A. Holtwick
Socialist Charles Pogoreles 37,922 1.19%
Communist William E. Browder 13,318 0.42%
Socialist Labor G. A. Jenning 3,379 0.11%
Independent William. J. Baker 1,209 0.04%
None Scattering 16 0.00%
Majority 198,625 6.21%
Turnout 3,198,151
Democratic gain from Republican

Indiana

Indiana election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Frederick Van Nuys 870,053 56.80%
Republican James Eli Watson (Incumbent) 661,750 43.20%
Majority 208,303 13.60%
Turnout 1,531,803
Democratic gain from Republican

Iowa

Iowa election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard L. Murphy 538,422 54.15%
Republican Henry Field 399,929 40.22%
Progressive ? 43,174 4.34%
Socialist ? 11,076 1.11%
Farmer–Labor ? 1,228 0.12%
Communist ? 467 0.05%
Majority 138,493 13.93%
Turnout 994,296
Democratic gain from Republican

Kansas

Kansas election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic George McGill 328,992 45.67%
Republican Ben S. Paulsen 302,809 42.03%
Independent George A. Brown 65,583 9.10%
Independent J. F. W. Renker 14,550 2.02%
Socialist E. Haldeman-Julius 8,474 1.18%
Majority 26,183 3.64%
Turnout 720,408
Democratic gain from Republican

Kentucky

Kentucky election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Alben W. Barkley (Incumbent) 575,077 59.15%
Republican Maurice H. Thatcher 393,865 40.51%
Socialist W. E. Sandefur 3,291 0.34%
Majority 181,212 18.64%
Turnout 972,233
Democratic hold

Louisiana

Louisiana election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic John H. Overton (Incumbent) 249,189 100.00%
None Scattering 3 100.00%
Majority 249,186 100.00%
Turnout 249,192
Democratic hold

Maryland

Maryland election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Millard Tydings (Incumbent) 293,389 66.18%
Republican Wallace Williams 138,536 31.25%
Socialist William A. Toole 8,105 1.83%
Socialist Labor Noah S. Twigg 1,859 0.42%
Communist Carl Bradley 1,449 0.33%
Majority 154,843 34.93%
Turnout 443,338
Democratic hold

Missouri

Missouri election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Bennett Champ Clark 1,017,046 63.26%
Republican Henry Kiel 575,174 35.77%
Socialist J. G. Hodges 11,441 0.71%
Prohibition Farris 3,147 0.20%
Communist Pollack 533 0.03%
Socialist Labor Karl L. Oberhue 417 0.03%
Majority 441,872 27.49%
Turnout 1,607,758
Democratic hold

Nevada

Nevada election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Pat McCarran 21,398 52.06%
Republican Tasker Oddie (Incumbent) 19,706 47.94%
Majority 1,692 4.12%
Turnout 41,104
Democratic gain from Republican

New Hampshire

New Hampshire election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Fred H. Brown 98,766 50.35%
Republican George H. Moses (Incumbent) 96,649 49.27%
Independent Charles W. Greene 533 0.27%
Independent Fred B. Chase 228 0.12%
Majority 2,117 1.08%
Turnout 196,176
Democratic gain from Republican

New Jersey (Special)

New Jersey special election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican William Warren Barbour 741,734 49.61%
Democratic Percy H. Stewart 725,511 48.52%
Socialist Herman F. Niessner 19,060 1.27%
Prohibition Esther Hill Elfeth 2,966 0.20%
Communist James L. Creekmur 2,256 0.15%
Personal Choice Russell Y. Page 2,110 0.14%
Socialist Labor John C. Butterworth 1,601 0.11%
Majority 16,223 1.09%
Turnout 1,495,238
Republican hold

New York

Democratic ticket Republican ticket Socialist ticket Law Preservation ticket Communist ticket Socialist Labor ticket
Robert F. Wagner 2,532,905 George Z. Medalie 1,751,186 Charles Solomon 143,282 D. Leigh Colvin 74,611 William Weinstone 27,956 Jeremiah D. Crowley[10]

North Carolina

North Carolina election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Robert Rice Reynolds 482,133 68.62%
Republican Jake F. Newell 220,524 31.38%
Majority 261,609 37.24%
Turnout 702,657
Democratic hold

North Dakota

44.85%

North Dakota election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Gerald Nye (Incumbent) 172,796 72.30%
Democratic P. W. Lanier 65,612 27.45%
Independent Frank Witty 589 0.25%
Majority 107184%
Turnout 238,997
Republican hold

Ohio

Ohio election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Robert J. Bulkley (Incumbent) 1,293,175 52.53%
Republican Gilbert Bettman 1,126,832 45.77%
Prohibition Frank M. Mecartney 34,760 1.41%
Communist I. O. Ford 7,227 0.29%
Majority 166,343 6.76%
Turnout 2,461,994
Democratic hold

Oklahoma

Oklahoma election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Elmer Thomas (Incumbent) 426,130 65.61%
Republican Wirt Franklin 218,854 33.70%
Independent James I. Whidden 1,395 0.21%
Independent J. W. Houchin 1,245 0.19%
Independent John Franing 1,061 0.16%
Independent Thomas P. Hopley 819 0.13%
Majority 207,276 31.91%
Turnout 649,504
Democratic hold

Oregon

Oregon election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Frederick Steiwer (Incumbent) 186,210 52.72%
Democratic Walter B. Gleason 137,237 38.86%
Socialist Joe A. Thomas 12,266 3.47%
Independent F. E. Coulter 11,859 3.36%
Socialist Labor Sverre Jacobson 3,067 0.87%
Communist A. G. Krueger 2,555 0.72%
Majority 48,973 13.86%
Turnout 353,194
Republican hold

Pennsylvania

General election results[11]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Republican James J. Davis (Incumbent) 1,375,489 49.46%
Democratic Lawrence H. Rupp 1,200,760 43.18%
Prohibition Edwin J. Fithian 106,602 3.83%
Socialist William J. Van Essen 91,456 3.29%
Communist Harry M. Wicks 6,426 0.23%
N/A Others 145 0.01%
Majority 174,729 6.28% {{{change}}}
Turnout 2,780,878 {{{change}}}
Republican hold Swing

South Carolina

South Carolina U.S. Senate Election, 1932
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Democratic Ellison D. Smith (Incumbent) 104,472 98.1% -1.9%
Republican Clara Harrigal 1,976 1.9% +1.9%
Majority 102,496 96.2% -3.8%
Turnout 106,448
Democratic hold
  65+% won by Smith

South Dakota

South Dakota election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Peter Norbeck (Incumbent) 151,845 53.83%
Democratic U. S. G. Cherry 125,731 44.57%
Liberty Howard Platt 3,873 1.37%
Independent Oscar Luttio 405 0.14%
Independent L. J. Manbeck 238 0.08%
Majority 26,114 9.26%
Turnout 282,092
Republican hold

Utah

Utah election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Elbert D. Thomas 116,889 56.66%
Republican Reed Smoot (Incumbent) 86,046 41.71%
Socialist ? 2,464 1.19%
Communist ? 883 0.43%
Majority 30,843 14.94%
Turnout 206,282
Democratic gain from Republican

Vermont

1932 United States Senate election in Vermont[12]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Porter H. Dale (Incumbent) 74,319 55.1%
Democratic Fred C. Martin 60,455 44.9%
Total votes 134,774 100.0%
Majority 13,864 10.2%
Republican hold

Washington

Washington election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Homer Bone 365,939 60.61%
Republican Wesley Livsey Jones (Incumbent) 197,450 32.70%
Liberty Frederick R. Burch 28,859 4.78%
Socialist Andrew T. Hunter 9,364 1.55%
Communist Alex Noral 2,183 0.36%
Majority 168,489 27.91%
Turnout 603,795
Democratic gain from Republican

Wisconsin

Wisconsin election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic F. Ryan Duffy 610,236 56.97%
Republican John B. Chapple 387,668 36.19%
Socialist Emil Seidel 65,807 6.14%
Prohibition Harvey A. Knapp 4,364 0.41%
Communist Ray Hansborough 2,921 0.27%
None Scattering 69 0.00%
Majority 222,568 20.78%
Turnout 1,071,065
Democratic gain from Republican

See also

Notes

  1. Just after the beginning of the next Congress, a Republican senator died and a Democrat was appointed in his place

References

  1. "U.S. Senate: Party Division". U.S. Senate. Retrieved April 18, 2017.
  2. Whaples, Robert (March 1995). "Where Is There Consensus Among American Economic Historians? The Results of a Survey on Forty Propositions". The Journal of Economic History. Cambridge University Press. 55 (1): 144. doi:10.1017/S0022050700040602. JSTOR 2123771.
  3. "AR US Senate Special" via OurCampaigns.com.
  4. "CO US Senate Special" via OurCampaigns.com.
  5. "NC US Senate Special" via OurCampaigns.com.
  6. "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 8, 1932" (PDF). Clerk.house.gov. Retrieved August 4, 2019.
  7. "AZ US Senate" via OurCampaigns.com.
  8. "Our Campaigns - GA US Senate - D Primary Race - Sep 14, 1932". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved January 16, 2020.
  9. "Our Campaigns - GA US Senate Race - Nov 08, 1932". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved January 16, 2020.
  10. Jeremiah D. Crowley, of Marcellus, ran also for State Engineer in 1910; for Lieutenant Governor in 1912, 1914 and 1920; and for Governor in 1916, 1922, 1926 and 1930
  11. "Statistics of the Congressional and Presidential Election of November 8, 1932" (PDF). Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House. Retrieved July 8, 2014.
  12. "General Election Results - U.S. Senator - 1914-2014" (PDF). Office of the Vermont Secretary of State. Retrieved June 17, 2015.
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