Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture

Wenshan Prefecture
文山州
Autonomous prefecture
文山壮族苗族自治州
Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture

Location of Wenshan Prefecture in Yunnan
Coordinates: 23°22′N 104°15′E / 23.367°N 104.250°E / 23.367; 104.250
Country People's Republic of China
Province Yunnan
GB/T 2260 CODE[1] 532600
Admin HQ Wenshan
Admin units
Area
 • Total 32,239 km2 (12,448 sq mi)
Elevation 1,263 m (4,144 ft)
Population (2010)
 • Total 3,700,000
 • Density 110/km2 (300/sq mi)
Time zone UTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code 663000[2]
Area code(s) 0876[2]
ISO 3166 code CN-YN-26
Licence plate prefixes 云H
Website www.ynws.gov.cn
1Yunnan Statistics Bureau
2Yunnan Portal

Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture (simplified Chinese: 文山壮族苗族自治州; traditional Chinese: 文山壯族苗族自治州; pinyin: Wénshān Zhuàngzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu) is an autonomous prefecture in southeastern Yunnan province, People's Republic of China, and the easternmost prefecture-level division of the province. It borders Baise, Guangxi to the east, Vietnam's Hà Giang Province to the south for 438 kilometres (272 mi), Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture to the west, and Qujing to the north.

Subdivisions

Map
# Name Hanzi Hanyu Pinyin Population
(2003 est.)		 Area (km²) Density (/km²)
1 Wenshan City 文山市 Wénshān Shì 430,000 3,064 140
2 Yanshan County 砚山县 Yànshān Xiàn 440,000 3,888 113
3 Xichou County 西畴县 Xīchóu Xiàn 250,000 1,545 162
4 Malipo County 麻栗坡县 Málìpō Xiàn 270,000 2,395 113
5 Maguan County 马关县 Mǎguān Xiàn 350,000 2,755 127
6 Qiubei County 丘北县 Qiūběi Xiàn 450,000 5,150 87
7 Guangnan County 广南县 Guǎngnán Xiàn 740,000 7,983 93
8 Funing County 富宁县 Fùníng Xiàn 390,000 5,459 71

Ethnic groups

Wenshan is highly diverse. According to a local saying, "Han and Hui live by the market, Zhuang and Dai live by the water, Miao and Yi live on the mountains, and Yao live among the bamboos." (汉族、回族住街头，壮族、傣族住水头，苗族、彝族住山头，瑶族住箐头。)

Some of Wenshan's ethnic groups include:

Yunnan (1979)[6] lists Jiazhou 甲州 (pop. 475), Longjiang 龙降 (pop. 54), Tusi 土司 (pop. 134), and Bendi 本地 (pop. 7) as Zhuang subgroups of unknown linguistic affiliation.

Yi

The Wenshan Prefecture Gazetteer (文山壮族苗族自治州志) (2000) and the Wenshan Prefecture Ethnic Gazetteer (文山壮族苗族自治州志) (2005) list the following Yi ethnic subdivisions in Wenshan Prefecture.

  • Luo (倮)
    • White Lolo (白倮倮) (autonyms: Suodu 所都, Luoluobu 罗罗布, Xiqima 洗其麻, Gaisipo 改斯泼)
      • Mokong (莫空) (Gaokujiao Luo 高裤脚倮) of Funing and Guangnan counties
      • Mudai (木歹) of Funing and Napo counties
    • Black Lolo (黑倮倮) (autonyms: Nuosupo 诺苏泼, Luoluopo 罗罗泼): in Qiubei, Yanshan, and Wenshan counties
    • Flowery Lolo (花倮倮) (autonyms: Hanluowu 含罗武, Luwu 鲁屋, Niesu 聂素): in Funing, Guangnan, Malipo, Xichou, Maguan, and Yanshan counties
  • Pu (仆)
    • Black Phula (黑仆拉) (autonym: Azha 阿扎)
    • White Phula (白仆拉) (autonym: Zuoke 作科)
    • Flowery Phula (花仆拉) (autonym: Abo 阿僰)
  • Sani (撒尼) (autonym: Sanipo 撒尼泼): in Qiubei County
  • Awu (阿武) (autonym: Awu 阿武; exonyms: Mengwu 孟武, Awu 阿吾, Mengwu 孟乌, Mengzu 孟族)
    • Lai (俫) (autonym; a branch of the Awu 阿武, also called Mengwu 孟武):[7] in Xisa 西洒镇, Xichou; Daping 大坪镇 and Nanwenhe 南温河乡 of Malipo
  • Gepu (格仆) (autonyms: Gepo 葛泼, Alingpo 阿灵泼; exonyms: Geluoluo/duo 葛倮罗/多, Adu 阿度, Aga 阿嘎): in Tiechang 铁厂乡 and Donggan 董干镇 townships of Malipo County[7]
  • Axi (阿西): in Wenshan, Yanshan, and Qiubei counties[7]
  • Lalu (腊鲁) (Lalupu 腊鲁仆; exonym: Xiangtang 香堂): in Nanping 南屏镇[7]

Yao

The Wenshan Prefecture Gazetteer (文山壮族苗族自治州志) (2000) lists the following Yao ethnic subdivisions in Wenshan Prefecture.

  • Men (们) or Jinmen (金门) (exonym: Landian Yao 蓝靛瑶)
  • Mengmian (孟棉) or Youmian (尤勉) (exonyms: Daban Yao 大板瑶, Jiao Yao 角瑶)
  • Xiu (秀) or Ya (亚) (exonyms: Shan Yao 山瑶, Guoshan Yao 过山瑶): in Longmen (龙门) and Longshao (龙绍) of Funing County, and in Tiechang (铁厂), Jinchang (金厂), and other locations of Malipo County

Gelao

The Wenshan Prefecture Gazetteer 文山壮族苗族自治州志 (2000) lists the following Gelao ethnic subdivisions in Wenshan Prefecture. The Gelao of Wenshan are also locally known as the Laobazi 老巴子 or Bazi 巴子.

  • White Gelao (白仡佬)
  • Green Gelao (青仡佬)
  • Red Gelao (红仡佬)
  • Flowery Gelao (花仡佬) (also known as the Wai Gelao (歪仡佬) or Pipao Gelao (披袍仡佬))

History

Neolithic painting at the 'Great King' painting site above Malipo.

The prefecture has been inhabited for at least 4000 years, as evidenced by surviving neolithic rock art in Malipo County. The seat of Guangnan, known today as Liancheng (莲城镇), was the heart of the Gouding Kingdom (句町) that lasted approximately 400 years, from 111 BC to 316 AD.

Transportation

References

  1. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-02-21. Retrieved 2009-01-29.
  2. 1 2 Area Code and Postal Code in Yunnan Province
  3. ↑ Kaup, Katherine Palmer. Creating the Zhuang: Ethnic Politics in China. Boulder, CO: L. Rienner, 2000.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Johnson, Eric C. 2011. "A Lexical and Phonological Comparison of the Central Taic Languages of Wenshan Prefecture, China: Getting More Out of Language Survey Wordlists Than Just Lexical Similarity Percentages." SIL Electronic Working Papers 2011-005: 170.
  5. ↑ Castro, Andy & Gu Chawen. 2010. "Phonological innovation among Hmong dialects of Wenshan." Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society (JSEALS) 3.1:1-39.
  6. ↑ Yunnan minzu shibie zonghe diaocha zubian 云南民族识别综合调查组编 (1979). Yunnan minzu shibie zonghe diaocha baogao (1960 nian) 云南民族识别综合调查报告(1960年). Kunming: Yunnan minzuxue yanjiu suoyin 云南民族学研究所印.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Wenshan Prefecture Ethnic Gazetteer 文山壮族苗族自治州志 (2005)
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