Military academy

A graduation parade of the Royal Military College, Duntroon.
Facade of the main building at the Ludovika Campus of National University of Public Service.
Armenian soldiers at the Vazgen Sargsyan Military University in 2013.

A military academy or service academy (in the United States) is an educational institution which prepares candidates for service in the officer corps. It normally provides education in a military environment, the exact definition depending on the country concerned.

Three types of academy exist: pre-school-level institutions awarding academic qualifications, university-level institutions awarding bachelor's degree level qualification, and those preparing officer cadets for commissioning into the armed services of the state.

A naval academy is either a type of military academy (in the broad sense of that term) or is distinguished from one (in the narrow sense). In U.S. usage, the United States Military Academy and the United States Naval Academy are both service academies.

History

The first military academies were established in the 18th century to provide future officers for technically specialized corps, such as engineers and artillery, with scientific training.

The Royal Danish Naval Academy was set up in 1701, making it the oldest military academy in existence.[1] The Royal Military Academy, Woolwich was set up in 1720[2] as the earliest military academy in Britain. Its original purpose was to train cadets entering the Royal Artillery and Royal Engineers. In France, the École Royale du Génie at Mézières was founded in 1748, followed by a non-technical academy in 1751, the École Royale Militaire offering a general military education to the nobility. French military academies were widely copied in Prussia, Austria, Russia and even minor powers, including Turin and the Kingdom of Savoy, in the late 18th century.

By the turn of the century, under the impetus of the Napoleonic Wars and the strain that the armies of Europe subsequently came under, military academies for the training of commissioned officers of the army were set up in most of the combatant nations. These military schools had two functions: to provide instruction for serving officers in the functions of the efficient staff-officer, and to school youngsters before they gained an officer's commission.[3] The Kriegsakademie in Prussia was founded in 1801 and the École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr was created by order of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1802 as a replacement for the École Royale Militaire of the Ancien Régime (the institution that Napoleon himself had graduated from).

The Royal Military College, Sandhurst, in England was the brainchild of John Le Marchant in 1801,[4] who established schools for the military instruction of officers at High Wycombe and Great Marlow, with a grant of £30,000 from Parliament. The two original departments were later combined and moved to Sandhurst. In the United States, the military academy at West Point was founded in 1802 and became popular in the 1860s.

Types

Pre-collegiate institutions

A military school teaches children (primarily boys) of various ages (elementary school, middle school or high school) in a military environment which includes training in military aspects, such as drill. Many military schools are also boarding schools, and others are simply magnet schools in a larger school system. Many are privately run institutions, though some are public and are run either by a public school system (such as the Chicago Public Schools) or by a state.

A common misconception results because some states have chosen to house their juvenile criminal populations in higher-security boarding schools that are run in a manner similar to military boarding schools. These are also called reform schools, and are functionally a combination of school and prison. They attempt to emulate the environment of military boarding schools in the belief that a strict structured environment can reform these children. This may or may not be true. However, their environment and target population are different from those of military schools.[5]

Popular culture sometimes shows parents sending or threatening to send unruly children off to military school (or boarding school) to teach them good behavior (e.g., in the "Army of One" episode of The Sopranos, Tony and Carmela Soprano consider sending their son, AJ, to the Hudson Military Institute). A similar situation appears in Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure, while other fictional depictions don't show military academies as punishment (threats) (ex. Damien: Omen II and The Presidio.

Adult institutions

A college-level military academy is an institute of higher learning of things military. It is part of a larger system of military education and training institutions. The primary educational goal at military academies is to provide a high quality education that includes significant coursework and training in the fields of military tactics and military strategy. The amount of non-military coursework varies by both the institution and the country, and the amount of practical military experience gained varies as well.

Military academies may or may not grant university degrees. In the U.S., graduates have a major field of study, earning a Bachelor's degree in that subject just as at other universities. However, in British academies, the graduate does not achieve a university degree, since the whole of the one-year course (nowadays undertaken mainly but not exclusively by university graduates) is dedicated to military training.

There are two types of military academies: national (government-run) and state/private-run.

  • Graduates from national academies are typically commissioned as officers in the country's military. The new officers usually have an obligation to serve for a certain number of years. In some countries (e.g. Britain) all military officers train at the appropriate academy, whereas in others (e.g. the United States) only a percentage do and the service academies are seen as institutions which supply service-specific officers within the forces (about 15 percent of US military officers).
  • State or private-run academy graduates have no requirement to join the military after graduation, although some schools have a high rate of graduate military service. Today, most of these schools have ventured away from their military roots and now enroll both military and civilian students. The only exception in the United States is the Virginia Military Institute which remains all-military.

List of military academies by countries

Afghanistan

Cadets of the National Military Academy of Afghanistan stand in formation awaiting dignitaries. The Academy was established in 2005.

Albania

Angola

  • Army Military Academy
  • National Air Force Academy
  • Naval Academy

Argentina

Cristina Fernández de Kirchner addresses the 2010 graduating class of Argentina's National Military College.

Argentine Army

Argentine Navy

  • Escuela Naval Militar (Naval Military School), located in Río Santiago, Buenos Aires

Argentine Air Force

  • Escuela de Aviación Militar (Military Aviation School), located in the city of Córdoba

Armenia

Australia

The Australian Defence Force Academy is a tri-service military college. The Academy was established in 1986.

Austria

Azerbaijan

  • Academy of the Ministry of National Security
  • Azerbaijan Higher Naval School
  • Azerbaijan Higher Military School
  • Police Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs

Bangladesh

Colours Contingent of the Bangladesh Military Academy. The Academy is a training institute for officers of the Bangladesh Army.
  • Bangladesh Military Academy
  • Bangladesh Naval Academy
  • Bangladesh Air Force Academy
  • University Of Professionals[6] (BUP), Mirpur, Dhaka
  • Bangladesh National Cadet Corps[7] (BNCC)
  • Military Institute of Science and Technology, Mirpur, Dhaka
  • Armed Forces Medical College[8] (AFMC), Airport Road, Dhaka
  • School of Infantry and Tactics
  • Defence Services Command and Staff College
  • National Defence College[9]
  • Armoured Corps Center & School
  • Engineer Centre and School of Military Engineering
  • Signal Training Centre and School
  • Ordnance Corps Centre & School
  • Bangladesh Institute of Peace Support Operation Training (BIPSOT)
  • Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Centre and School
  • Corps of Military Police Centre and School
  • Army School of Education and Administration
  • Army School of Physical Training and Sports
  • Army School of Music
  • Artillery Center and School
  • School of Military Intelligence
  • Army Computer Training School
  • Non Commissioned Officers Academy
  • Trust Technical Training Institute, Gazipur

Cadet Colleges in Bangladesh

Belarus

The drummers of Minsk Suvorov Military School during the 2017 Minsk Independence Day Parade. The institution is the only military high school in Belarus.
The Border Services Institute's headquarters in Minsk.

Belgium

Bolivia

  • Military College of Bolivia (Colegio Militar del Ejército de Bolivia)[10]
  • Bolivian Military Naval Academy
  • Bolivian Air Force Academy

Brazil

Cadets at Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras during a graduation ceremony. It is the largest military college operated by the Brazilian Army.

Has several military academies:

  • Army – The biggest Academy is Academia Militar de Agulhas Negras (AMAN) in the municipality of Resende, in state of Rio de Janeiro, in the southeast of that country. For high school level, The Sistema Colégio Militar do Brasil (SCMB) is composed for 13 military schools in Belo Horizonte, Belém, Brasília, Campo Grande, Curitiba, Fortaleza, Juiz de Fora (MG), Manaus, Porto Alegre, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador and Santa Maria (RS).
  • Navy – [Escola Naval] was founded in 1823 and is located on Villegagnon island, near downtown Rio de Janeiro. The location of the school has historical significance during the French invasions of the then Portuguese Colony in 1555. The Brazilian Navy also prepares students at the High School level at Colégio Naval in preparation for the Naval Academy (Escola Naval). Colégio Naval was founded in 1876 and is located at Enseada Almirante Batista das Neves em Angra dos Reis.
  • Air Force – Academia da Força Aérea (AFA). (Air Force Academy) and Escola Preparatória de Cadetes do Ar(EPCAr).

Bulgaria

Canada

Royal Military College of Canada band piper and bugler. Established in 1876, the College is Canada's only post-secondary military college with degree-granting powers.

Canada currently has one military-theme private boarding school open for students at the pre-university level, Robert Land Academy (RLA), which is located in West Lincoln, Ontario. Founded in 1978, it is an all-boys' institute whose funding arises solely from tuition fees. The Academy is an institute fully accredited by the province of Ontario, which accepts students from Grade 6 to Grade 12 (the Ontario Academic Credit level).

Canada formerly had three university level service academies, the Canadian Military Colleges. These included the Royal Military College of Canada (RMC) in Kingston, Ontario, Royal Roads Military College (RRMC) in Victoria, British Columbia and the Collège militaire royal de Saint-Jean (CMR) in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Québec. RMC was founded in 1876, RRMC in 1941 and CMR in 1954.[11] By the 1960s all three institutions were providing military education to officer cadets of all three elements in the Canadian Forces; the navy, army and air force; and RMC received the authority to grant academic degrees in Arts, Science and Engineering.[12]

Graduates of the Colleges are widely acknowledged to have had a disproportionate impact in the Canadian services and society, thanks to the solid foundations provided by their military education.[13] Military discipline and training, as well as a focus on physical fitness and fluency in both of Canada's two official languages, English and French, provided cadets with ample challenges and a very fulfilling experience.[14] In 1995 the Department of National Defence was forced to close Royal Roads Military College and Collège militaire royal de Saint-Jean due to budget considerations, but Royal Military College of Canada continues to operate.[15] Royal Roads reopened as a civilian university in the fall of 1995, and is maintained by the Government of British Columbia. In 2007, the Department of National Defence reopened Collège militaire royal de Saint-Jean as a preparatory and first year college.

China, People's Republic of

Main gate of the PLA National Defence University. The institution is a national university administered by the People's Liberation Army.


Colombia

The Honour Guard of José María Córdova Military School. Cadets undergo undergraduate studies at the institution.

National Army of Colombia:

Colombian Air Force:

Colombian Naval Infantry and Colombian Navy:

National Police of Colombia:

Czech Republic

Denmark

Established in 1701, the Royal Danish Naval Academy is the oldest-still-existing officers' academy in the world.

Egypt

El Salvador

  • Escuela Militar Capitan General Gerardo Barrios

Estonia

The Baltic Defence College is a multinational military college established by the three Baltic states.

Finland

France

Students of Prytanée National Militaire having lunch, 1900. The institution is one of several military preparatory schools in France.

High schools

Officer academies

Cadets of École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr during the 2008 Bastille Day military parade. The military college was established in 1802 by Napoleon.
  • École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr (ESM, literally the "Special Military School of St Cyr") is the French Military Academy. It is often referred to as "Saint-Cyr". Founded by Napoleon in 1802, and initially located in Fontainebleau, it was moved first to Saint-Cyr-l'École in 1808, and then to Coëtquidan (Brittany) in 1945.
  • École militaire interarmes (EMIA)
  • École des commissaires des armées (ECA), founded in 2013
  • École de l'air: the French Air Force Academy
  • École Navale: the French Naval Academy
  • École des officiers de la gendarmerie nationale (EOGN): gendarmerie commissioned officers academy
  • École Polytechnique (X): a French engineering grande école of military status. Though all of its French engineering students are enlisted and trained as officers, 5% of its graduates remain in the military after graduation.[16]
  • ENSTA Bretagne: a French engineering grande école of military status. Only 1/4 of its students are actual officers-in-training.
  • École de Santé des Armées: medical school of French army
  • National Military Infrastructure Engineers Academy: trains military engineers of the Armed Forces, opened 2013 (also one of the newest)

Postgraduate academies

  • École d'état-major (Staff school): first step of higher military studies, for officer of OF-2 rank.
  • École de Guerre (War School): second step of higher military studies, mainly for ranks OF-2 and OF-3 who want to continue the command track (e.g. to command battalion or regiment).
  • Collège d'enseignement supérieur de l'armée de terre (Army Higher Education College): second step of military education, but for officers whishing to achieve a high-level specialization.
    • Cours supérieur d'état-major (Advanced Staff Course)
    • Enseignement militaire supérieur scientifique et technique (Higher Technical and Scientific Education).
  • Centre des hautes études militaire (Center for Advanced Military Studies): final step of military education, for very few selected OF-5. Its students also attend the civilian institut des hautes études de défense nationale.

Georgia

National Defense Academy (NDA) of Georgia is a descendant of the first Georgian "Junker School" which was established in 1919 right after the declaration of independence. Establishment of the military school was very important for the identity of a new democratic nation-state. The school was abolished after Soviet occupation of Georgia in 1921.

"Davit Aghmashenebeli National Defense Academy of Georgia" was founded on May 28, 1993. The length of studies at the Academy had been defined for 4 years. In 2005, due to the need of the growth of the personnel strength of the Georgian Armed Forces (GAF), the system of the Academy has been transformed to retain only the 18-month-long officer training courses. A bachelor's degree has been defined as a prerequisite for the admission of the cadets.

In 2010, the NDA has undergone a new wave of the reforms to include entire officer education system. As a result, in 2011, Cadet Bachelor School, Junior Officer Basic School, Aviation and Air Defense Officer Basic School, Medical Officer School, Captain Career School, Command and General Staff School, School of Advance Defense Studies and Language Training School were included within the NDA.[17]

Upon entry into NDA, cadets sign a contract with the MoD for 10 years of military service, of which 4 years are dedicated to studies and 6 years – to consequent military service. Cadets receive the rank of Lieutenant upon graduation.

NDA is established by the MoD with the status of the Legal Entity of Public Law. At the same time, NDA maintains very strong link with The Ministry of Education and Science according to the process of Bologna.

Germany

The main complex of the Naval Academy Mürwik of the German Navy.
Library of Bundeswehr University Munich. It provides post-secondary education to military personnel and civilians.

Germany has a unique system for civil and military education. The only true military academy is the Führungsakademie der Bundeswehr where mainly future staff officers and general staff officers are further trained.

The standard education in military leadership is the task of the Offizierschulen (officers' schools) run by the three branches. The contents differ from branch to branch. In the army all officers are at least trained to lead a platoon. There they also have to pass an officer exam to become commissioned later on.

Moreover, there exist so called Waffenschulen (school of weapons) like infantry school or artillery school. There the officers learn to deal with the typical tasks of their respective corps.

A specialty of the German concept of officer formation is the academic education. Germany runs two Universities of the German Federal Armed Forces where almost every future officer has to pass non-military studies and achieve a bachelor's or master's degree. During their studies (after at least three years of service) the candidates become commissioned Leutnant (second lieutenant).

The three officer's schools are:

Academic and staff education:

Greece

A sloop of the Hellenic Naval Academy sails past with a crew of naval cadet officers. The Academy is supervised by the Hellenic Navy.

The Hellenic Armed Forces have military academies supervised by each branch of the Armed Forces individually:

Hungary

India

Robin K. Dhowan, Chief of Naval Staff for India, reviews cadets during a passing out parade of the Indian Military Academy. The institution is a training academy of the Indian Army.

Military Schools

Indonesia

Cadets of the Indonesian Military Academy in parade uniform during the Indonesian independence day ceremony. The institution is the military academy of the Indonesian Army.
Cadets of the Indonesian Air Force Academy in formation before parading for the Air force anniversary ceremony. The Academy is operated by the Indonesian Air Force.

The Indonesian Military Academy [19] was founded in Yogyakarta, October 13, 1945 by the order off the then Chief of the General Staff of the People's Security Armed Forces Lieutenant General Urip Sumohardjo as the Militaire Academie (MA) Yogyakarta. It operated until 1950, when it was closed down.

Currently, the Tentara Nasional Indonesia or the "TNI" (Indonesian National Armed Forces), under the supervision of the Commandant General of the Indonesian National Armed Forces Academy (a three-star officer in billet) in the HQ of the Indonesian National Armed Forces, has divided the academies into the three respective services:

Each service academy is headed by a two-star general, and his/her deputy is a one-star officer. All the students (cadets) are recruited from senior high school graduates from all over Indonesia. Shortly after graduation, they are commissioned as Letnan Dua (Second Lieutenant) in their respective services and get the Diploma IV (Associate degree, 4th Grade) comparable to civil academies or universities. The length term is 4 years and is divided into 5 grades of cadet's rank, starting from the lowest:

  • Prajurit Taruna/Kadet/Karbol (Cadet Private), 1st year (4 months)
  • Kopral Taruna/Kadet/Karbol (Cadet Corporal), 1st year (8 months)
  • Sersan Taruna/Kadet/Karbol (Cadet Sergeant), 2nd year
  • Sersan Mayor Dua Taruna/Kadet/Karbol (Cadet Second Sergeant Major), 3rd year
  • Sersan Mayor Satu Taruna/Kadet/Karbol (Cadet First Sergeant Major), 4th year

Taruna refers to cadets in the Military Academy, Kadet refers to cadets in the Naval Academy, and Karbol refers to cadets in the Air Force Academy, respectively.

Until 1999, before the Indonesian National Police officially separated from the armed forces, the Indonesian Police Academy ("AKPOL") also stood under the National Armed Forces Academy but now has separated from the Military and is under the auspices of the President of Indonesia controlled by the National Police Headquarters (Mabes Polri), where in the other hand the Armed Forces (Army, Naval, and Air Force) Academies of Indonesia is under the auspices of the Ministry of Defense controlled by the Armed Forces General HQ (Mabes TNI). Presently, the Police Academy is located in Semarang (Central Java), and is supervised under the supervision of the Chief of Indonesian National Police (Kapolri).

All 3 academies and the Police Academy have a joint 4th class cadet training program since 2008, after completing it the cadets go to their respective academies to continue with the 3 remaining years of study before commissioning.

Iran

Imam Ali Officers' University (Persian: دانشگاه افسری امام علی; acronym:[20] دا اف, DĀʿAF), formerly known as Officers' School (Persian: دانشکده افسری) is the military academy of Ground Forces of Islamic Republic of Iran Army, located in Tehran, Iran. Cadets of the academy achieve the second Lieutenant rank upon graduation and join one of Islamic Republic of Iran Army branches.

Italy

A cadet of Italy's Nunziatella military academy in 1787, the year the academy was established. Nunziatellais is the oldest military academy in the world still operating without interruption.

High School level institutions (only for Classical and Scientific Liceum, starting from grade 10):

The 2009–2010 school year has been the first one with girls attending those schools.

University level institutions:

Japan

Kazakhstan[21]

Cadets of the Military Institute of the Kazakh Ground Forces march in the 2015 Moscow Victory Day Parade.

Cadet Corps

Korea, North

Korea, South

Cadets of the Korean Military Academy during a visit to United Nations Command.

The three main military academies:

Other military academies:

Kyrgyzstan

Cadets of the Military Institute during a parade.

Malaysia

Cadets of National Defence University of Malaysia on an exercise. The institution is a post-secondary school operated by the Malaysian Armed Forces.

Secondary level institutions:

University level:

Specialist training & staff institutions:

  • Officers Cadet School in Port Dickson (OCS)
  • Malaysian Armed Forces Staff College[24] (Maktab Turus Angkatan Tentera)
  • Armed Forces Health Training Institute[25] (Institut Latihan Kesihatan Angkatan Tentera)
  • Malaysian Peacekeeping Training Centre[26] (Pusat Latihan Pengaman Malaysia)

Reserve Officer Training Units (Malay: Pasukan Latihan Pegawai Simpanan or PALAPES) or ROTU exists only in public universities in Malaysia. This is a tertiary institution based officer commissioning program to equip students as officer cadets with military knowledge and understanding for service as Commissioned Officers in the reserve components of the various branches of the Malaysian Armed Forces.

Mexico

A cadet of Mexico's Heroic Military Academy with a golden eagle, the institution's mascot.

Moldova

Mongolia

Myanmar

Namibia

Netherlands

Cadets in a classroom of the Netherlands' Royal Naval Institute. The academy is a part of Nederlandse Defensie Academie.

New Zealand

Tier One – Initial Officer Training

Tier Two – Junior Officer Education

Tier Three – Senior Officer Education

Nigeria

Cadets in a lab of Nigeria's Air Force Military School, a boys-only military high school.

High school training

Undergraduate officer training

Postgraduate officer training

Norway

Buildings of the Norwegian Naval Academy, an undergraduate institution intended to instruct officers of the Royal Norwegian Navy.

Undergraduate officer training

Postgraduate training

  • Norwegian Defence Staff College, Oslo (Joint)
  • Norwegian National Defence College, Oslo (Civil Service/Very senior officers)

Pakistan

A passing out parade at Pakistan Military Academy.

Panama

Escuela de Policia National Dr. Justo Arosemena
http://www.policia.gob.pa/direcciones/dnrrhh/ces.html%5Bpermanent+dead+link%5D

Paraguay

The Francisco López Military Academy is located in Capiatá, Paraguay.

Peru

Undergraduate officer training

Philippines

Graduating cadets of Philippine Military Academy at a homecoming.
The National Defense College of the Philippines is a graduate-level military college established in 1963.

The Philippines patterned all its military academies after the United States Military Academy (WEST POINT) and the United States Merchant Marine Academy.

These colleges are operated by the Philippine Government which serves 4 years of different baccalaureate degrees:

Aside from the PMA and the PMMA, all three branches of the AFP have their own Officer Candidate Course Programs for both men and women, patterned after their US counterparts.

The nation's higher military colleges are:

Poland

Cadets of the Polish Naval Academy aboard the ORP Iskra, 1937.

Defunct

Portugal

Students of Colégio Militar on parade. The school is one of two pre-university institutions in Portugal.

Pre-University level institution

Undergraduate officer training

The Bemposta Palace of the Portuguese Military Academy, an undergraduate-level institution.

Postgraduate and staff training

No longer operational

  • Instituto Superior Militar, Águeda – Undergraduate school for training NCOs to become officers;
  • Escola Superior Politécnica do Exército, Amadora – Undergraduate school for training NCOs to become officers.
  • Escola do Serviço de Saúde Militar, Lisbon – Portuguese Armed Forces nurse and paramedic undergraduate school.
  • Instituto de Odivelas, Odivelas – Pre-university level military school for girls;
  • Instituto de Altos Estudos Militares, Lisbon – Army graduate and staff college;
  • Instituto Superior Naval de Guerra, Lisbon – Navy graduate and staff college;
  • Instituto de Altos Estudos da Força Aérea, Sintra – Air Force graduate and staff college.

Romania

Russia

See also: Cadet Corps (Russia), Military academies in Russia

First stage of training

  • The Cadet Corps is an admissions-based military middle school for young boys that was founded in the Russian Empire in the year 1732, soon becoming widespread throughout the country.
  • Kronstadt S.C.C.
  • Moscow Representative Sea Cadet Corps of the Navigation and Mathematics School
  • Moscow Sea Cadet Corps Heroes of Sevastopol

Secondary education

A cadet of Moscow Suvorov Military School. The high school was the first of several Suvorov Military School established throughout Russia.
  • Suvorov Military School are a type of boarding school in modern Russia for boys of 14-18. Education in such these schools focuses on military related subjects.

Post-secondary education

The Engineers Castle of Russia's Military Engineering-Technical University, with a monument to Peter the Great in the foreground.
Established in 1832, the Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Russia is a post-graduate military academy.

Staff college

Serbia

Photo of cadets fencing at the Serbian Military Academy.

Singapore

South Africa

Spain

Sri Lanka

The General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, was established in 1980 and is named after Gen. Sri John Kotelawala the 2nd Prime Minister of Sri Lanka. Taking cadets from all three armed services, 3 non-university level Military Academies, one for each armed service providing basic training for officer and a Command and Staff College for senior officers of the three armed services.

University

Officer training

Staff training

Sweden

Undergraduate officer training

Karlberg Palace, home of Sweden's Military Academy Karlberg. Established in 1792, it is the oldest military academy in the world to remain in its original location.

Postgraduate training

Taiwan


Tanzania

Thailand

Turkey

Cadets of the Turkish Military Academy at 2016 Sandhurst Competition at West Point.

Turkmenistan

Cadets of the Military Institute.
  • Military Academy of Turkmenistan
  • Turkmen State Border Service Institute
  • Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Turkmenistan
  • Turkmen National Security Institute
  • Turkmen Naval Institute

Uganda

Uganda maintains the followings military training institutions, as of December 2010:[27]

Ukraine

A number of universities have specialized military institutes, such as the Faculty of Military Legal Studies at Kharkiv's National Yaroslav Mudryi Law Academy of Ukraine, however, the primary Ukrainian military academies are the following:[37]

Staff colleges

United Kingdom

Pre-University level institution

A parade at Welbeck Defence Sixth Form College. The College is one of two pre-university level institutions in the country.

There are also numerous Cadet forces that operate for all branches of the armed forces for children aged 10–20. These are not designed to recruit people into the armed forces but rather are simply Ministry of Defence sponsored youth organisations.

Undergraduate Service

Although an undergraduate degree is not a pre-requisite for Officer training, the majority of potential Officers will have attended University before joining the Armed Forces. At some universities there may be the option for people to join either a University Royal Naval Unit, a University Officer Training Corps (UOTC) or a University Air Squadron; which are designed to introduce students to life in the Forces and show them the careers that are available. People sponsored under the Defence Technical Undergraduate Scheme will join one of the four Support Units attached to universities participating in DTUS. There is a requirement for bursars of DTUS to join the military for 3 years after completion of their degree, there no requirement for students of any other organisation to join the military after they finish their degree programs; and the great majority have no further contact with the armed forces. Although service with these organisations may give some initial benefit to cadets attending the military colleges/academies, the next stage of the officer training programs assumes no prior military experience/knowledge, and those that did not partake in military activities at university are not disadvantaged.

Officer training

The Passing Out Parade at Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. Sandhurst is one of four military academies in the United Kingdom.

There are now four military academies in the United Kingdom. Although the curriculum at each varies due to the differing nature of the service a man or woman is joining, it is a combination of military and academic study that is designed to turn young civilians into comprehensively trained military officers.

Officer Training for the Reserve Forces (e.g. Army Reserve, Royal Naval Reserve, RAF Reserves & Royal Marine Reserves) also takes place at the relevant military academies, but under a different curriculum and the courses tend to be concentrated into a much shorter period.

Postgraduate and staff training

The first RAF Staff College course at Andover, 1922. The staff college operated from 1922 to 1970.

No longer operational

United States

Introduction

In the United States, the term "military academy" does not necessarily mean a government-owned institution run by the armed forces to train its own officers. It may also mean a middle school, high school, or college, whether public or private, which instructs its students in military-style education, discipline and tradition. Students at such civilian institutions can earn a commission in the U.S. military through the successful completion of a Senior Reserve Officers' Training Corps program along with their college or university's academic coursework.

Most state-level military academies maintain both a civilian student body and a traditional corps of cadets. The only exception is the Virginia Military Institute, which remains all-military.[40]

Federal Service Academies

Cadets of the United States Military Academy (USMA) navigate the horizontal ladder and vertical rope obstacle of the Indoor Obstacle Course Test. USMA is one of five federal service academies.

The colleges operated by the U.S. Federal Government are referred to as Federal Service Academies and are:

Post-graduate School

Senior and junior military colleges

Although Texas A&M University has transformed into a state university, it still maintains a corps of cadets along with a civilian student body.
Cadets of Marion Military Institute after the Alumni Weekend parade. The Institute is one of four junior military colleges in the United States.

There is one all-military state-sponsored military academy:

In addition, these five institutions that were military colleges at the time of their founding now maintain both a corps of cadets and a civilian student body. Many of these institutions also offer on-line degree programs:

Along with VMI, these institutions are known as the Senior Military Colleges of the US.

Today four institutions are considered Military Junior Colleges (MJC). These four military schools participate in the Army's two-year Early Commissioning Program, an Army ROTC program where qualified students can earn a commission as a Second Lieutenant after only two years of college. The four Military Junior Colleges are as follows:

Merchant Marine Academies that have military academy style operations

Cadets of the Great Lakes Maritime Academy learning how to row a boat. The institution is one of six military-styled maritime academies in the United States.

There are six (6) state-operated Merchant Marine academies:

These merchant marine academies operate on a military college system. Part of the training that the cadets receive is naval and military in nature. Cadets may apply for Naval Reserve commissions upon obtaining their Merchant Marine Officer's licenses. Most if not all also offer some form of military commissioning program into the active duty US Navy, US Marine Corps, or US Coast Guard.

Staff Colleges

The United States staff colleges, mandated to serve the needs of officers for post-graduate studies and other such graduate institutions as mandated by the Department of Defense are:

United States Air Force Air University attached staff colleges
Staff Colleges of the United States Army
A classroom at the School of Advanced Military Studies, one of four staff colleges of the United States Army.
Staff Colleges of the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps
Joint Service staff colleges
The National War College, a school of the National Defense University is a multi-service staff college in the United States.

Other post-graduate colleges operated by the DoD

Uzbekistan

The Tashkent Higher Tank Command School during the soviet period.
  • Academy of the Armed Forces of Uzbekistan
  • Higher Military Customs Institute
  • Samarkand Higher Military Automobile Command School

Vietnam

Further reading

  • Cadet, Linton Hall, Linton Hall Military School Memories: One cadet's memoir, Scrounge Press, 2014. ISBN 9781495931963 Memoir of cadet who attended a military school for boys ages 6 to 16.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Royal Danish Naval Academy". Royal Danish Defence College (in Danish). Retrieved 7 January 2016.
  2. ↑ "Woolwich History". Archived from the original on 2013-08-06.
  3. ↑ Richard A Harmon. "Perspectives in the History of Military Education and Professionalism" (PDF).
  4. ↑ Major-General John Gaspard Le Marchant (1766-1812) Archived 2012-03-23 at the Wayback Machine. Defence Academy
  5. ↑ Linton Hall Cadet, Linton Hall Military School Memories: One cadet's memoir, Arlington, Virginia.: Scrounge Press, 2014 ISBN 978-1-4959-3196-3 describes a military school for boys ages 6-16.
  6. ↑ http://www.bup.edu.bd/ Bangladesh
  7. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2010-09-22.
  8. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-07-10. Retrieved 2012-08-02.
  9. ↑ "National Defence College". www.ndc.gov.bd.
  10. ↑ "Ejército de Bolivia". www.ejercito.mil.bo.
  11. ↑ H16511 Dr. Richard Arthur Preston "To Serve Canada: A History of the Royal Military College of Canada" 1997 Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 1969.
  12. ↑ 4237 Dr. Adrian Preston & Peter Dennis (Edited) "Swords and Covenants" Rowman And Littlefield, London. Croom Helm. 1976.
  13. ↑ H16511 Dr. Richard Preston "R.M.C. and Kingston: The effect of imperial and military influences on a Canadian community" 1968
  14. ↑ H1877 R. Guy C. Smith (editor) "As You Were! Ex-Cadets Remember". In 2 Volumes. Volume I: 1876-1918. Volume II: 1919-1984. Royal Military College. [Kingston]. The R.M.C. Club of Canada. 1984
  15. ↑ "To Serve Canada: A History of the Royal Military College since the Second World War", Ottawa, University of Ottawa Press, 1991.
  16. ↑ DCOM. "Choix de 4A des promotions précédentes - Orientation 4A". portail.polytechnique.edu.
  17. ↑ "საქართველოს თავდაცვის სამინისტრო". eta.mod.gov.ge.
  18. ↑ "Rashtriya Military School". www.rashtriyamilitaryschools.in.
  19. ↑ "Akademi Militer – Center Of Excellence". www.akmil.ac.id.
  20. ↑ "اسم هاي مخفف در نيروهاي مسلح". www.parsine.com (in Persian). Retrieved 2016-09-11.
  21. ↑ http://mfa.gov.kz/en/minsk/content-view/voennoe-obrazovanie-v-kazahstane-2
  22. ↑ "Portal Rasmi Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia". www.upnm.edu.my.
  23. ↑ http://maf.mod.gov.my/eng/training_institute/institute02.htm%5Bpermanent+dead+link%5D
  24. ↑ http://www.mafsc.edu.my/
  25. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-05-03. Retrieved 2007-05-03.
  26. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-05-26. Retrieved 2007-05-03.
  27. ↑ List of Uganda Military Schools Archived 2015-02-24 at the Wayback Machine.
  28. ↑ "1000 TFG Somali soldiers passed out at Bihanga military training".
  29. ↑ "Kalama Warfare Training School Opened in 2005 at Kabamba".
  30. ↑ "Museveni shakes up top army command".
  31. ↑ Kalama Warfare Training School Located at Kabamba Archived 2014-11-02 at the Wayback Machine.
  32. ↑ Oliver Tambo Leadership School Located at Kaweweta, Nakaseke District Archived 2011-09-29 at the Wayback Machine.
  33. ↑ South Africa Donates Equipment to Oliver Tambo School Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine.
  34. ↑ "About Uganda Airforce Academy".
  35. ↑ The NUST Located at Lugazi Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine.
  36. ↑ About Uganda Urban Warfare Training School Archived 2015-02-24 at the Wayback Machine.
  37. ↑ "Факультет підготовки офіцерів запасу Національний університет оборони України Київський (військова кафедра)". www.nudu.io.ua.
  38. ↑ "History of Academy". Army Academy named after hetman Petro Sahaydachyi. Archived from the original on 3 November 2013. Retrieved 3 July 2013.
  39. ↑ (in Ukrainian) Official website of National Defense University of Ukraine
  40. ↑ Standberry, Lee (9 May 2012). "Top 10 Military Colleges in America". TopTenz.net. Archived from the original on 24 June 2016. Retrieved 8 August 2016. Unlike other military colleges (the federal service academies), all of VMI’s students are members of the Corps of Cadets. This tradition of not offering civilian programs is in keeping with VMI efforts to offer students 'a Spartan, physically and academically demanding environment combined with strict military discipline.'
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