LGBT rights by country or territory

Worldwide laws regarding same-sex intercourse and freedom of expression and association
Same-sex intercourse legal
  
 Marriage1
  
 Marriage recognized but not performed1
  
 Civil unions1
  
 Unregistered cohabitation1
  
 Same-sex unions not recognized
  
 Laws restricting freedom of expression and association
Same-sex intercourse illegal
  
 Unenforced penalty2
  
 Imprisonment
  
 Up to life imprisonment
  
 Death penalty
Rings indicate areas where local judges have granted or denied marriages or imposed the death penalty in a jurisdiction where that is not otherwise the law or areas with a case-by-case application.
1Some jurisdictions in this category may currently have other types of partnerships.
2No arrests in the past three years or moratorium on law.
LGBT rights at the United Nations
  
 Support States which supported the LGBT rights declaration in the General Assembly or on the Human Rights Council in 2008 or 2011
  
 Oppose States which supported an opposing declaration in 2008 and continued their opposition in 2011
  
 Neither States which did not support either declaration
  
 Subsequent member South Sudan, which was not a member of the United Nations in 2008
  
 Non-member states States that are not voting members of the United Nations

Laws affecting lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people vary greatly by country or territory — everything from the legal recognition of same-sex marriage to the death penalty for homosexuality.

Laws that affect LGBT people include, but are not limited to, the following:

Notably, 25 countries, all of which are developed democracies or developing democracies, recognize same-sex marriage. By contrast, 10 countries or jurisdictions, all of which are Islamic and ruled by sharia, impose the death penalty for homosexuality.

In 2011, the United Nations Human Rights Council passed its first resolution recognizing LGBT rights, following which the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights issued a report documenting violations of the rights of LGBT people, including hate crimes, criminalization of homosexual activity, and discrimination. Following the issuance of the report, the United Nations urged all countries which had not yet done so to enact laws protecting basic LGBT rights.[1][2]

Ancient Celts

According to Aristotle, although most "belligerent nations" were strongly influenced by their women, the Celts were unusual because their men openly preferred male lovers (Politics II 1269b).[3][4] H. D. Rankin in Celts and the Classical World notes that "Athenaeus echoes this comment (603a) and so does Ammianus (30.9). It seems to be the general opinion of antiquity."[4] In book XIII of his Deipnosophists, the Roman Greek rhetorician and grammarian Athenaeus, repeating assertions made by Diodorus Siculus in the 1st century BC (Bibliotheca historica 5:32), wrote that Celtic women were beautiful but that the men preferred to sleep together. Diodorus went further, stating that "the young men will offer themselves to strangers and are insulted if the offer is refused". Rankin argues that the ultimate source of these assertions is likely to be Poseidonius and speculates that these authors may be recording "some kind of bonding ritual ... which requires abstinence from women at certain times".[4]

Ancient India

Throughout Hindu and Vedic texts there are many descriptions of saints, demigods, and even the Supreme Lord transcending gender norms and manifesting multiple combinations of sex and gender.[5] There are several instances in ancient Indian epic poetry of same sex depictions and unions by gods and goddesses. There are several stories depicting love between those of the same sex, especially among kings and queens. Kamasutra, the ancient Indian treatise on love talks about feelings for same sexes. Transsexuals are also venerated e.g. Lord Vishnu as Mohini and Lord Shiva as Ardhanarishwara (which means half woman).[6]

Ancient West Asia

Ancient Israel

The ancient Law of Moses (the Torah) forbids men lying with men (intercourse) in Leviticus 18 and gives a story of attempted homosexual rape in Genesis in the story of Sodom and Gomorrah, the cities being soon destroyed after that. The death penalty was prescribed. In Deuteronomy 22:5, cross-dressing is condemned as being "abominable".

Ancient Persia

In Persia homosexuality and homoerotic expressions were tolerated in numerous public places, from monasteries and seminaries to taverns, military camps, bathhouses, and coffee houses. In the early Safavid era (1501–1723), male houses of prostitution (amrad khane) were legally recognized and paid taxes. Persian poets, such as Sa’di (d. 1291), Hafiz (d. 1389), and Jami (d. 1492), wrote poems replete with homoerotic allusions. The two most commonly documented forms were commercial sex with transgender young males or males enacting transgender roles exemplified by the köçeks and Sufi spiritual practices in which the practitioner admired the form of a beautiful boy in order to enter ecstatic states and glimpse the beauty of God.

Assyria

In Assyrian society, sex crimes were punished identically whether they were homosexual or heterosexual.[7] An individual faced no punishment for penetrating someone of equal social class, a cult prostitute, or with someone whose gender roles were not considered solidly masculine.[7][8] Such sexual relations were even seen as good fortune, with an Akkadian tablet, the Šumma ālu, reading, "If a man copulates with his equal from the rear, he becomes the leader among his peers and brothers".[9][10] However, homosexual relationships with fellow soldiers, slaves, royal attendants, or those where a social better was submissive or penetrated, were treated as bad omens.[11][12]

Middle Assyrian Law Codes dating 1075 BC has a particularly harsh law for homosexuality in the military, which reads: "If a man have intercourse with his brother-in-arms, they shall turn him into a eunuch."[13][14][15] A similar law code reads, "If a seignior lay with his neighbor, when they have prosecuted him (and) convicted him, they shall lie with him (and) turn him into a eunuch". This law code condemns a situation that involves homosexual rape. Any Assyrian male could visit a prostitute or lie with another male, just as long as false rumors or forced sex were not involved with another male.[16]

Ancient Rome

The "conquest mentality" of the ancient Romans shaped Roman homosexual practices.[17] In the Roman Republic, a citizen's political liberty was defined in part by the right to preserve his body from physical compulsion or use by others;[18] for the male citizen to submit his body to the giving of pleasure was considered servile.[19] As long as a man played the penetrative role, it was socially acceptable and considered natural for him to have same-sex relations, without a perceived loss of his masculinity or social standing.[20] The bodies of citizen youths were strictly off-limits, and the Lex Scantinia imposed penalties on those who committed a sex crime (stuprum) against a freeborn male minor.[21] Acceptable same-sex partners were males excluded from legal protections as citizens: slaves, male prostitutes, and the infames, entertainers or others who might be technically free but whose lifestyles set them outside the law.

"Homosexual" and "heterosexual" were thus not categories of Roman sexuality, and no words exist in Latin that would precisely translate these concepts.[22] A male citizen who willingly performed oral sex or received anal sex was disparaged, but there is only limited evidence of legal penalties against these men, who were presumably "homosexual" in the modern sense.[23] In courtroom and political rhetoric, charges of effeminacy and passive sexual behaviors were directed particularly at "democratic" politicians (populares) such as Julius Caesar and Mark Antony.[24]

Roman law addressed the rape of a male citizen as early as the 2nd century BC, when a ruling was issued in a case that may have involved a man of same-sex orientation. It was ruled that even a man who was "disreputable and questionable" had the same right as other citizens not to have his body subjected to forced sex.[25] A law probably dating to the dictatorship of Julius Caesar defined rape as forced sex against "boy, woman, or anyone"; the rapist was subject to execution, a rare penalty in Roman law.[26] A male classified as infamis, such as a prostitute or actor, could not as a matter of law be raped, nor could a slave, who was legally classified as property; the slave's owner, however, could prosecute the rapist for property damage.[27]

In the Roman army of the Republic, sex among fellow soldiers violated the decorum against intercourse with citizens and was subject to harsh penalties, including death,[28] as a violation of military discipline.[29] The Greek historian Polybius (2nd century BC) lists deserters, thieves, perjurers, and "those who in youth have abused their persons" as subject to the fustuarium, clubbing to death.[30] Ancient sources are most concerned with the effects of sexual harassment by officers, but the young soldier who brought an accusation against his superior needed to show that he had not willingly taken the passive role or prostituted himself.[31] Soldiers were free to have relations with their male slaves;[32] the use of a fellow citizen-soldier's body was prohibited, not homosexual behaviors per se.[33] By the late Republic and throughout the Imperial period, there is increasing evidence that men whose lifestyle marked them as "homosexual" in the modern sense served openly.[34]

Although Roman law did not recognize marriage between men, and in general Romans regarded marriage as a heterosexual union with the primary purpose of producing children, in the early Imperial period some male couples were celebrating traditional marriage rites. Juvenal remarks with disapproval that his friends often attended such ceremonies.[35] The emperor Nero had two marriages to men, once as the bride (with a freedman Pythagoras) and once as the groom. His consort Sporus appeared in public as Nero's wife wearing the regalia that was customary for the Roman empress.[36]

Apart from measures to protect the prerogatives of citizens, the prosecution of homosexuality as a general crime began in the 3rd century of the Christian era when male prostitution was banned by Philip the Arab. By the end of the 4th century, after the Roman Empire had come under Christian rule, passive homosexuality was punishable by burning.[37] "Death by sword" was the punishment for a "man coupling like a woman" under the Theodosian Code.[38] Under Justinian, all same-sex acts, passive or active, no matter who the partners, were declared contrary to nature and punishable by death.[39]

Congo

E. E. Evans-Pritchard recorded that in the past male Azande warriors in the northern Congo routinely took on young male lovers between the ages of twelve and twenty, who helped with household tasks and participated in intercrural sex with their older husbands. The practice had died out by the early 20th century, after Europeans had gained control of African countries, but was recounted to Evans-Pritchard by the elders to whom he spoke.[40]

Feudal Japan

In feudal Japan, homosexuality was recognized, between equals (bi-do), in terms of pederasty (wakashudo), and in terms of prostitution. The younger partner in a pederastic relationship often was expected to make the first move; the opposite was true in ancient Greece. In religious circles, same-sex love spread to the warrior (samurai) class, where it was customary for a boy in the wakashū age category to undergo training in the martial arts by apprenticing to a more experienced adult man. The man was permitted, if the boy agreed, to take the boy as his lover until he came of age; this relationship, often formalized in a "brotherhood contract",[41] was expected to be exclusive, with both partners swearing to take no other (male) lovers. The Samurai period was one in which homosexuality was seen as particularly positive. Later when Japanese society became pacified, the middle classes adopted many of the practices of the warrior class.

Lesotho

Anthropologists Stephen Murray and Will Roscoe reported that women in Lesotho engaged in socially sanctioned "long term, erotic relationships" called motsoalle.[42]

Papua New Guinea

In Papua New Guinea, same-sex relationships were an integral part of the culture of certain tribes until the middle of the last century. The Etoro and Marind-anim for example, even viewed heterosexuality as wasteful and celebrated homosexuality instead. They believed that in sharing semen, they are sharing their life force, yet women simply wasted this force any time they didn't get pregnant after sex. In many traditional Melanesian cultures a prepubertal boy would be paired with an older adolescent who would become his mentor and who would "inseminate" him (orally, anally, or topically, depending on the tribe) over a number of years in order for the younger to also reach puberty.[43]

Global LGBT rights maps

Timeline

Decriminalization of homosexuality timeline
Countries/Territories/States
Never been illegal
18th century
19th century
20th century
21th century

Africa

List of countries or territories by LGBT rights in Africa
This table:

Northern Africa

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Algeria Algeria Illegal since 1966
Penalty: Fine and up to 2 years imprisonment.[45][46]
Canary Islands Canary Islands
(Autonomous community of Spain)		 Legal since 1979
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 De facto unions legal since 2003[47] Legal since 2005[48] Legal since 2005[49][50] Spain responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination[51] Since 2007, all documents can be amended to the recognised gender[52]
Ceuta Ceuta
(Autonomous city of Spain)		 Legal since 1979
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 De facto union since 1998[53] Legal since 2005[54] Legal since 2005[55] Spain responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination[56] Since 2007, all documents can be amended to the recognised gender[52]
Egypt Egypt / Male de jure legal, but de facto illegal since 2000
Penalty: Up to 17 years imprisonment with or without hard labour and with or without fines under broadly-written morality laws.
Female uncertain.[45][57]
Libya Libya Illegal since 1953[58]
Madeira Madeira
(Autonomous region of Portugal)		 Legal since 1983
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 De facto union since 2001[59][60] Legal since 2010[61] Legal since 2016[62][63][64] Portugal responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[51] Since 2011, all documents can be amended to the recognised gender[65]
Melilla Melilla
(Autonomous city of Spain)		 Legal since 1979
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 De facto union since 2008[66] Legal since 2005[54] Legal since 2005[55] Spain responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination[56] Since 2007, all documents can be amended to the recognised gender[52]
Morocco Morocco
(including Southern Provinces)		 Illegal since 1962
Penalty: Up to 3 years imprisonment.[45][67]
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
(Disputed territory; excluding Southern Provinces)		 Illegal since 1944 (as part of the Overseas Province of Spanish Sahara)
Penalty: Up to 3 years imprisonment.[45][68][69]
South Sudan South Sudan Illegal since 1899 (as Anglo-Egyptian Sudan)
Penalty: Up to 10 years imprisonment.[45][46]		 Constitutional ban since 2011
Sudan Sudan Illegal since 1899 (as Anglo-Egyptian Sudan)
Penalty: Death penalty on third offense for men and on fourth offense for women.[45]
Tunisia Tunisia Illegal since 1913 (as the French protectorate of Tunisia)
Penalty: 3 years imprisonment.[45][70]
Legalization proposed[71]

Western Africa

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Benin Benin Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country);[45][72]
Age of consent discrepancy[45]
Burkina Faso Burkina Faso Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)[45] Constitutional ban since 1991
Cape Verde Cape Verde Legal since 2004
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Bans some anti-gay discrimination[45]
The Gambia Gambia Illegal since 1888 (as the Gambia Colony and Protectorate)
Penalty: Up to Iife imprisonment.[45][73][46]
Ghana Ghana Male illegal since 1860s (as the Gold Coast)
Penalty: 10 years imprisonment or more.
Female always legal[45][74][46]
Guinea Guinea Illegal since 1988
Penalty: 6 months to 3 years imprisonment.[45]
Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau Legal since 1993[45]
+ UN decl. sign.
Ivory Coast Ivory Coast Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country);
Age of consent discrepancy[45]
Liberia Liberia Illegal since 1976
Penalty: 1 year imprisonment.[45][75]
Mali Mali Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)[45]
Mauritania Mauritania Illegal since 1983
Penalty: Death by stoning.[45][76]
Niger Niger Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country);
Age of consent discrepancy[45]
Nigeria Nigeria Illegal under federal law since 1901 (as the Northern Nigeria Protectorate and the Southern Nigeria Protectorate)
Penalty: Up to 14 years imprisonment. Death in the states of Bauchi, Borno, Gombe, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Niger, Sokoto, Yobe, and Zamfara.[45][77][46]
Senegal Senegal Illegal since 1966
Penalty: 1 to 5 years imprisonment.[45][78]
Sierra Leone Sierra Leone Male illegal since 1861 (as the Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate)
Penalty: Up to life imprisonment (Not enforced).
Female always legal
+ UN decl. sign.[45]
Togo Togo Illegal since 1884 (as Togoland)
Penalty: Fine and 3 years imprisonment.[45][46]

Central Africa

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Cameroon Cameroon Illegal since 1972
Penalty: Fines to 5 years imprisonment.[45][46]
Central African Republic Central African Republic Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Constitutional ban since 2016[79]
Chad Chad Illegal since 2017
Penalty: 3 months to 2 years imprisonment.
Democratic Republic of the Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)[45] Constitutional ban since 2005
Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)[45]
Gabon Gabon Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)
+ UN decl. sign.
Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country);
Age of consent discrepancy[45]
Saint Helena Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)		 Legal since 2001
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Legal since 2017 Legal since 2017[80][81] Legal since 2017 UK responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay on discrimination
São Tomé and Príncipe São Tomé and Príncipe Legal since 2012
+ UN decl. sign.[45]

Southeast Africa

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Burundi Burundi Illegal since 2009
Penalty: 3 months to 2 years imprisonment.[45][82]		 Constitutional ban since 2005
Kenya Kenya Illegal since 1897 (as the East Africa Protectorate)
Penalty: up to 14 years imprisonment.[45][46]		 Constitutional ban since 2010[83]
Rwanda Rwanda Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)[45]
+ UN decl. sign.		 Constitutional ban since 2003
Tanzania Tanzania Illegal since 1864 (only Zanzibar)
Illegal since 1899
Penalty: Up to life imprisonment.[45][46]
Uganda Uganda Male illegal since 1894
Penalty: Up to life imprisonment.[84][84]
Female uncertain		 Constitutional ban since 2005

Horn of Africa

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Djibouti Djibouti Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)[45]
Eritrea Eritrea Illegal since 1957 (as part of the Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea)
Penalty: Up to 3 years imprisonment.[45][85]
Ethiopia Ethiopia Illegal
Penalty: 10 years imprisonment or more.[45]
Somalia Somalia Illegal since 1962
Penalty: Up to death.[86]
Somaliland Somaliland
(Disputed territory)		 Illegal
Penalty: Up to death.[86]

Indian Ocean states

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Comoros Comoros Illegal since 1982
Penalty: 5 years imprisonment and fines.[45][87]
French Southern and Antarctic Lands French Southern and Antarctic Lands
(Overseas territory of France)		 Legal
(No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the territory)[45]		 Civil solidarity pact since 1999 Legal since 2013 Legal since 2013 France responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination Under French law
Madagascar Madagascar Legal
(No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country);
Age of consent discrepancy[45]
Mauritius Mauritius Male illegal since 1838 (as part of British Mauritius)
Penalty: Up to 5 years imprisonment.
Female always legal[88]
+ UN decl. sign.[45][89]		 Bans all anti-gay discrimination[90][91]
Mayotte Mayotte
(Overseas region of France)		 Legal
(No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the region)[45]		 Civil solidarity pact since 1999 Legal since 2013 Legal since 2013 France responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination Under French law
Réunion Réunion
(Overseas region of France)		 Legal since 1791[45] Civil solidarity pact since 1999 Legal since 2013 Legal since 2013 France responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination Under French law
Seychelles Seychelles Legal since 2016[92]
+ UN decl. sign.		 Bans some anti-gay discrimination[45]

Southern Africa

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Angola Angola De facto illegal since 1886 (as part of the Province of Angola)
Penalty: Fines, restrictions or penal labor (Not enforced).[45][93]
Legalization pending[94][95]		 Bans some anti-gay discrimination[96] May possibly change gender under the Código do Registro Civil 2015[97]
Botswana Botswana Illegal since 1885 (as part of the Bechuanaland Protectorate)
Penalty: Fine to up to 7 years imprisonment (Not enforced).[45][46]
Legalization pending[98]		 Bans some anti-gay discrimination Legal gender change recognized as a constitutional right since 2017[99]
Lesotho Lesotho Male legal since 2012
Female always legal[45]		 May possibly change gender under the National Identity Cards Act 9 of 2011[100]
Malawi Malawi Illegal since 1891 (as part of the Shire Highlands Protectorate and the Nyasaland Districts Protectorate)
Penalty: Up to 14 years imprisonment and whippings (Law suspended from usage since 2012).[45][101][46]
Mozambique Mozambique Legal since 2015[102][103] Bans some anti-gay discrimination[45][90]
Namibia Namibia Male illegal since 1920 (as part of South-West Africa)[46]
Female always legal[45][104][105]		 Under the Births, Marriages and Deaths Registration Act 81 of 1963[106]
South Africa South Africa Male legal since 1998
Female always legal
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Limited recognition of unregistered partnerships since 1998; same-sex marriage since 2006 Legal since 2006 Legal since 2002 Since 1998 Bans all anti-gay discrimination Anti-discrimination laws are interpreted to include gender identity; legal gender may be changed after surgical or medical treatment
Swaziland Swaziland Male illegal since the 1880s
Female always legal[45][46]
Zambia Zambia Illegal since 1911 (as part of the British South Africa Company rule of Rhodesia)
Penalty: up to 14 years imprisonment.[45][46]
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Male illegal since 1891 (as part of the British South Africa Company rule of Rhodesia)
Female legal[45][46]		 Constitutional ban since 2013

Americas

List of countries or territories by LGBT rights in the Americas



Tables:

North America

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Bermuda Bermuda
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)		 Legal since 1994;
Age of consent discrepancy
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Domestic partnerships since 2018[107] / Legal from May 2017 until May 2018; marriages performed during this period recognized[108] Legal since 2015[109] UK responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination[110]
Canada Canada Legal since 1969
+ UN decl. sign.[45][111]		 Domestic partnerships in Nova Scotia (2001);[112]
Civil unions in Quebec (2002);[113]
Adult interdependent relationships in Alberta (2003);[114]
Common-law relationships in Manitoba (2004)[115]		 Legal in some provinces and territories since 2003, nationwide since 2005[116] Legal in some provinces and territories since 1996, nationwide since 2010[117] Since 1992[118] Bans all anti-gay discrimination. Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal in Manitoba, Ontario and Vancouver Transgender people can change their gender and name without completion of medical intervention and human rights protections explicitly include gender identity or expression within all of Canada since 2017[119][120][121][122]
Greenland Greenland
(constituent country of the Kingdom of Denmark)		 Legal since 1933
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Registered partnerships since 1996[123] Legal since 2016 Stepchild adoption since 2009;[124]
joint adoption since 2016[125]		 Since 1978 (Denmark responsible for defense) Bans some anti-gay discrimination[45]
Mexico Mexico Legal since 1871
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 / Civil unions in Mexico City (2007), Coahuila (2007),[126] Colima (2013),[127] Campeche (2013),[128] Jalisco (2014),[129] Michoacán (2015) and Tlaxcala (2017) / Legal in Mexico City (2010),[130] Quintana Roo (2012),[131] Coahuila (2014), Chihuahua (2015), Nayarit (2015), Jalisco (2016), Campeche (2016), Michoacán (2016), Colima (2016), Morelos (2016), Chiapas (2017), Puebla (2017) and Baja California (2017).
All states are obliged to honour same-sex marriages performed in states where it is legal.[130][132][133]
The Supreme Court has declared that it is unconstitutional to deny marriage licenses to same-sex couples in all states,[134] but as state laws were not invalidated, individual injunctions must still be obtained from the courts[135][136]		 / Legal in Mexico City (2010),[137] Coahuila (2014), Chihuahua (2015), Michoacán (2016), Colima (2016), Morelos (2016), Campeche (2016), Veracruz (2016), Baja California (2017), Querétaro (2017), Chiapas (2017) and Puebla (2017)[138][139] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[140] / Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name in Mexico City (2008),[141] Michoacán (2017) and Nayarit (2017)[142]
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
(Overseas collectivity of France)		 Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Civil solidarity pact since 1999[143] Legal since 2013[144] Legal since 2013[145] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[56] Under French law[146]
United States United States Legal in some states since 1962, nationwide since 2003[45] Domestic partnerships in California (1999),[147] the District of Columbia (2002),[148] Maine (2004),[149] Oregon (2008),[150] Maryland (2008),[151] and Nevada (2009);[152]
Civil unions in New Jersey (2007),[153] Illinois (2011),[154] Hawaii (2012),[155] and Colorado (2013)[156]		 Legal in some states since 2004, nationwide since 2015[157] Legal in some states since 1993, nationwide since 2016[158] "Don't ask, don't tell" policy was abolished in 2011, meaning that since then LGB people have been allowed to serve openly in the military.[159]
Transgender people have been allowed to serve in the military since 2018[160][161][162]		 / Federal executive order prohibiting discrimination based on sexual orientation for employees in the federal civilian workforce, along with government employment in the District of Columbia, and the United States Postal Service, since 1998 (see Executive Order 12968 and Executive Order 13087). Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation with minors by mental health professionals illegal in some states.
Included in the federal hate crime law since 2009.
Sexual orientation discrimination banned in public and private employment in 24 states + D.C.		 / Gender identity discrimination in healthcare insurance banned since 2012.[163][164]
Allowed to change gender under various conditions in 47 states + D.C.
Included in the federal hate crime law since 2009.
Gender identity discrimination banned in public and private employment in 23 states + D.C.

Central America

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Belize Belize Legal since 2016[165] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[166][167][168] [169]
Costa Rica Costa Rica Legal since 1971
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Unregistered cohabitation since 2014[170][171] / To become legal by 2020 at the latest Pending[172] Has no military Bans all anti-gay discrimination[45] Transgender persons can change their legal gender without surgeries or judicial permission since 2018[173]
El Salvador El Salvador Legal since the 1822
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Constitutional ban pending;[174] court decision pending [175] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[175] [176]
Guatemala Guatemala Legal since 1871
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Pending Bans some anti-gay discrimination [177]
Honduras Honduras Legal since 1899
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Constitutional ban since 2005;[178][179] court decision pending Bans all anti-gay discrimination[180]
Nicaragua Nicaragua Legal since 2008
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Bans some anti-gay discrimination[45]
Panama Panama Legal since 2008
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Court decision pending Court decision pending Has no military Bans some anti-gay discrimination[181][182] Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name after completion of medical intervention since 2006[183][184]

Caribbean

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Anguilla Anguilla
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)		 Legal since 2001
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 UK responsible for defence
Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda Illegal
Penalty: 15-year prison sentence (Not enforced).[45]
Aruba Aruba
(Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)		 Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Registered partnerships since 2016[185] / Same-sex marriages performed in the Netherlands recognized[186] The Netherlands responsible for defence
The Bahamas Bahamas Legal since 1991;
Age of consent discrepancy
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 [45]
Barbados Barbados Illegal
Penalty: Life imprisonment (Not enforced).[45] Legalization proposed
British Virgin Islands British Virgin Islands
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)		 Legal since 2001
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 UK responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination[187]
Caribbean Netherlands Caribbean Netherlands
(Bonaire, Saba and Sint Eustatius; special municipalities of the Netherlands)		 Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the municipalities)
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 [188] Legal since 2012[189] [190] The Netherlands responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination[191] [192]
Cayman Islands Cayman Islands
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)		 Legal since 2001; Age of consent discrepancy[45]
+ UN decl. sign.		 / Same-sex couples recognized for immigration purposed since 2016 Court decision pending[193] UK responsible for defence
Cuba Cuba Legal since 1979
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Constitutional ban since 1976; legalization pending [45] Bans some anti-gay discrimination[194][195] Transgender people allowed to change gender after sex change operations[196]
Curaçao Curaçao
(Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)		 Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Pending / Same-sex marriages performed in the Netherlands recognized[186] The Netherlands responsible for defence
Dominica Dominica Illegal
Penalty: 10-year prison sentence or incarceration in a psychiatric institution (Not enforced).
+ UN decl. sign.[45]
Dominican Republic Dominican Republic Legal since 1822
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Constitutional ban since 2010[197] [198]
Grenada Grenada Male illegal
Penalty: 10-year prison sentence (Not enforced).
Female always legal[45]		 Has no military
Guadeloupe Guadeloupe
(Overseas department of France)		 Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Civil solidarity pact since 1999[143] Legal since 2013[144] Legal since 2013[145] France responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination[56] Under French law[146]
Haiti Haiti Legal since 1791 (as Saint-Domingue)[45] Has no military
Jamaica Jamaica Male illegal
Penalty: 10 years hard labor (Not enforced).
Female always legal.[45]		 Constitutional ban since 1962
Martinique Martinique
(Overseas department of France)		 Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Civil solidarity pact since 1999[143] Legal since 2013[144] Legal since 2013[145] France responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination[56] Under French law[146]
Montserrat Montserrat
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)		 Legal since 2001
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Constitutional ban since 2010[199] UK responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination[200]
Puerto Rico Puerto Rico
(Commonwealth of the United States)		 Legal since 2003 Since 2015 Legal since 2015[201] Legal since 2015 United States responsible for defense[159][162] Bans some anti-gay discrimination Gender change legal since 2018; does not require surgery
Saint Barthélemy
(Overseas collectivity of France)		 Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Civil solidarity pact since 1999[143] Legal since 2013[144] Legal since 2013[145] France responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination[56] Under French law[146]
Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Kitts and Nevis Male illegal
Penalty: 10 years (Not enforced).
Female always legal[45]
Saint Lucia Saint Lucia Male illegal
Penalty: Fine and/or 10-year prison sentence (Not enforced).
Female always legal[45]		 Has no military
Saint Martin
(Overseas collectivity of France)		 Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Civil solidarity pact since 1999[143] Legal since 2013[144] Legal since 2013[145] France responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination[56] Under French law[146]
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Illegal
Penalty: Fine and/or 10-year prison sentence (Not enforced).[45]		 Has no military
Sint Maarten Sint Maarten
(Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)		 Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 / Same-sex marriages performed in the Netherlands recognized[186] The Netherlands responsible for defence
Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago Legal since 2018[202]
Turks and Caicos Islands Turks and Caicos Islands
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)		 Legal since 2001
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Constitutional ban since 2011[203] UK responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination[45]
United States Virgin Islands United States Virgin Islands
(Territory of the United States)		 Legal since 1985 Since 2015[158] Legal since 2015[158] Legal since 2015[158] United States responsible for defense[159][162]

South America

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Argentina Argentina Legal since 1853
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Civil unions in Buenos Aires (2003),[204] Río Negro Province (2003),[205] Villa Carlos Paz (2007) and Río Cuarto (2009)
Cohabitation unions nationwide since 2015[206]		 Legal since 2010[207] Legal since 2010 Since 2009[208] / Legal protection in some cities;[209]
pending nationwide
Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2010		 Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name without surgeries or judicial permission since 2012[210]
Bolivia Bolivia Legal since 1832
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Constitutional ban on free unions since 2009;[211]
Family life agreement pending[212]		 Constitutional ban since 2009[213] LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[214] Since 2015[215][216][217] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[45] Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name without surgeries or judicial permission since 2016[218][219][220][221]
Brazil Brazil Legal since 1831
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 "Stable unions" legal in some states since 2004; all rights as recognized family entities available nationwide since 2011[222][223] Legal in some states since 2012, nationwide since 2013[224][225] Legal since 2010[226] [227] / Banned in all Brazilian states (except Tocantins), as well as the Federal District; expansion of nationwide anti-discrimination laws pending[228] Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 1999[229][230] Transgender people can change their legal gender and name before a notary without the need of surgeries or judicial order since 2018[231][232][233]
Chile Chile Legal since 1999;
Aof consent discrepancy
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Civil union agreement since 2015[234] Pending[235] Pending[236] Since 2012[237] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[238] Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name after completion of medical intervention and a judicial permission since 2007.[239] Currently, a broader gender identity law (which would not require any surgeries or judicial permission) is being discussed by the Congress[240]
Colombia Colombia Legal since 1981
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 De facto marital union since 2007[241] Legal since 2016[242] Stepchild adoption since 2014;[243] joint adoption since 2015[244] Since 1999[45] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[245] Since 2015, transgender persons can change their legal gender and name manifesting their solemn will before a notar, no surgeries or judicial order required[246]
Ecuador Ecuador Legal since 1997
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 De facto unions since 2009[247][248] Constitutional ban since 2009; court decision pending[249] LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[250] [251] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[252]
Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2014		 Since 2016, transgender persons are allowed to change their birth name and gender identity (instead of the sex assigned at birth) on legal documents; no surgeries or judicial order required[253][254][255]
Falkland Islands Falkland Islands
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)		 Legal since 1989
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Civil partnerships since 2017[256] Legal since 2017[256] Legal since 2017 UK responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination[257]
French Guiana French Guiana
(Overseas department of France)		 Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Civil solidarity pact since 1999[143] Legal since 2013[144] Legal since 2013[145] France responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination[56] Under French law[146]
Guyana Guyana Illegal
Penalty: Up to life imprisonment (Not enforced).[45]		 [258] [259]
Paraguay Paraguay Legal since 1880; Age of consent discrepancy
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Constitutional ban since 1992[260] Constitutional ban since 1992; court decision pending[261] Proposed[262]
Peru Peru Legal since 1924
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Pending[263] Court decision pending Since 2009[264] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[265][266][267][268][269] Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name without the need for the completion of medical intervention and a judicial permission since 2016[270][271]
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) Legal since 2001
+ UN decl. sign.		 Legal since 2014[272] Legal since 2014[272] UK responsible for defence
Suriname Suriname Legal since 1869 (as Dutch Guiana);
Age of consent discrepancy
+ UN decl.		 Bans some anti-gay discrimination[273] Court decision pending[274][275]
Uruguay Uruguay Legal since 1934
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Concubinage union since 2008[276] Legal since 2013[277] Legal since 2009[278] Since 2009[279] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[280] Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name since 2009[281]
Venezuela Venezuela Legal since 1997
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Proposed Constitutional ban since 1999;
court decision pending[282]		 Bans some anti-gay discrimination[45]

Asia

List of countries or territories by LGBT rights in Asia
This table:

Central Asia

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Afghanistan Afghanistan Illegal
Penalty: Long imprisonment or death penalty (No known cases of death sentences have been handed out for same-sex sexual activity after the end of Taliban rule).[45]
Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan Legal since 1998[45] Constitutional ban since 2016[283] Requires sex reassignment surgery[284][285]
Tajikistan Tajikistan Legal since 1998[45] Requires sex reassignment surgery[286][285]
Turkmenistan Turkmenistan Male illegal
Penalty: up to 2 years imprisonment.
Female always legal[45]
Uzbekistan Uzbekistan Male illegal
Penalty: up to 3 years imprisonment.
Female always legal[45]

Eurasia

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Abkhazia Abkhazia
(Disputed territory)		 Legal after 1991
Akrotiri and Dhekelia Akrotiri and Dhekelia
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)		 Legal since 2000
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Civil partnerships since 2005 Legal since 2014 UK responsible for defence Bans some anti-gay discrimination[287]
Armenia Armenia Legal since 2003
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 / Constitutional ban since 2015;[288][289] same-sex marriages performed abroad recognized since 2017[290] [291]
Republic of Artsakh Artsakh
(Disputed territory)		 Legal since 2000 Constitutional ban since 2006[292]
Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Legal since 2000[45]
Cyprus Cyprus Legal since 1998
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Civil unions since 2015 (Only EU country to ban LGBT people from military service) Bans all anti-gay discrimination[293]
Georgia (country) Georgia Legal since 2000
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Constitutional ban passed but yet to take effect Bans all anti-gay discrimination[294] Requires sterilization and sex reassignment surgery for change[295]
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Legal since 1998[45] [296] Requires sex reassignment surgry, sterilization, hormone therapy and medical examinations[285]
Northern Cyprus Northern Cyprus
(Disputed territory)		 Legal since 2014[297][298][45] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[297][298]
Russia Russia Male legal since 1993
Female always legal[299][45]
Illegal in practice in Chechnya, where homosexuals are abducted and sent to concentration camps based on their perceived sexual orientation. See Gay concentration camps in Chechnya for more information.		 Constitutional ban proposed[300] Requires sterilization and sex reassignment surgery for change[295]
South Ossetia South Ossetia
(Disputed territory)		 Legal after 1991
Turkey Turkey Legal since 1858[45] Proposed[301] Proposed[301] Requires sterilisation and sex reassignment surgery for change[302]

West Asia

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Bahrain Bahrain Legal since 1976[45]
Iran Iran Illegal
Penalty: 74 lashes for immature men and death penalty for mature men (although there are recorded cases of minors who were executed because of their sexual orientation).[303] For women, 50 lashes for women of mature sound mind and if consenting. Death penalty offense after fourth conviction.[45]		 Legal gender recognition legal if accompanied by a medical intervention[304]
Iraq Iraq Legal since 2003[305]
Israel Israel Legal since 1963 (de facto), 1988 (de jure)[306]
+ UN decl. sign.[45][307]		 Unregistered cohabitation since 1994. / There are no civil marriages available in Israel for same-sex or opposite-sex couples, and any non-religious marriage is unrecognized if performed in the country. However, foreign same-sex marriages are recognized and recorded in the population registry Since 2008[308] Since 1993 Bans all anti-gay discrimination[309][310][311] Full recognition of gender's ID without a surgery or medical intervention;[312] equal employment opportunity law bars discrimination based on gender identity[313][314][313][315]
Jordan Jordan Legal since 1951[45] Allowed since 2014[316]
Kuwait Kuwait Male illegal
Penalty: Fines or up to 6-year prison sentence.
Female always legal[45][317]
Lebanon Lebanon Illegal under Article 534 of the Penal Code. Some judges have ruled not to prosecute individuals based on the law, however, this has not been settled by the Supreme Court and thus homosexuality is still illegal.[318] Legal gender change allowed, but sex reassignment surgery required[319]
Oman Oman Illegal
Penalty: Fines and prison sentence up to 3 years (Only enforced when dealing with "public scandal").[45]
State of Palestine Palestine
(Disputed territory)		 West Bank:
Legal since 1951 (As part of Jordan)[45]
Gaza:
Male illegal
Penalty: Up to 10 years imprisonment.
Female always legal[45]
Qatar Qatar Illegal
Penalty: Fines, up to 7 years imprisonment,[45] or death penalty.[320]
Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia Illegal
Penalty: Prison sentences of several months to life, fines and/or whipping/flogging, castration, torture or death can be sentenced on first conviction. A second conviction merits execution.[45]
Syria Syria Illegal
Penalty: Up to 3 years imprisonment (Law de facto suspended)[321][45]		 Transgender people allowed to change legal gender
United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates Illegal under federal law
Penalty: deportation, fines, prison sentences or death penalty.[320]
Illegal in the emirate of Dubai
Penalty: Up to 14 years imprisonment.
Illegal in the emirate of Abu Dhabi
Penalty: Up to 10 years imprisonment.[45]		 / Sex reassignment surgery legal, but only for intersex people[322][323][324]
Yemen Yemen Illegal
Penalty: Unmarried men punished with 100 lashes of the whip or a maximum of one year of imprisonment, married men with death by stoning. Women punished up to three years of imprisonment; where the offense has been committed under duress, the punishment is up to seven years detention.[45]

South Asia

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Bangladesh Bangladesh Illegal
Penalty: 10 years to life imprisonment.[45]		 A third gender option (hijra) besides male and female is available[325]
Bhutan Bhutan Illegal
Penalty: Prison sentence up to 1 year (Not enforced).[45]
British Indian Ocean Territory British Indian Ocean Territory
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)		 Legal since 2001
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Civil partnerships since 2005 Legal since 2014 UK responsible for defence
India India Legal since 2018[326] Proposed Proposed Proposed [327] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[328] A third gender option (hijra) besides male and female is available; transgender people have a constitutional right to change gender[329]
Maldives Maldives Illegal
Penalty: For men, the punishment is banishment for nine months to one year or a whipping of 10 to 30 strokes. For women, it is house arrest for nine months to one year.[45]
Nepal Nepal Legal since 2007
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Proposed Proposed Proposed Since 2007 Bans all anti-gay discrimination Gender change legal since 2007[330]
Pakistan Pakistan Illegal
Penalty: 2 years to life sentence (Not enforced).[45]		 Right to change gender; transgender and intersex citizens have legal protections from all discrimination and harassment[331]
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Illegal
Legalization proposed		 [332][333] Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name after completion of medical intervention[334][335]

East Asia

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of relationships Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
China China,
People's Republic of		 Legal since 1997[45] Transgender people allowed to change legal gender, but only after sex reassignment surgery
Hong Kong Hong Kong
(Special administrative region of China)		 Legal since 1991[45] LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[336] China responsible for defence Bans some anti-gay discrimination Transgender people allowed to change legal gender, but only after sex reassignment surgery
Japan Japan Legal since 1880
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 / Partnerships in 8 municipal jurisdictions (Shibuya, Setagaya, Iga, Takaraduka, Naha, Sapporo, Fukuoka, and Osaka) Since 2003 / No nationwide protections, but some cities ban some anti-gay discrimination[45] Transgender people allowed to change legal gender, but only after sex reassignment surgery
Macau Macau
(Special administrative region of China)		 Legal since 1996 China responsible for defence Bans some anti-gay discrimination
Mongolia Mongolia Legal since 1961
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Bans some anti-gay discrimination Transgender people allowed to change legal gender
North Korea North Korea Legal
(No laws against same-sex sexual activity has ever existed in the country)[45]		 Unknown, although there are heavily obeyed gender roles for both male and female. See also: "Let's trim our hair in accordance with the socialist lifestyle"
South Korea South Korea Legal
(No laws against same-sex sexual activity has ever existed in the country)
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 / Protection from discrimination varies by jurisdiction in some areas, including Seoul Transgender people allowed to change legal gender
Taiwan Taiwan Legal
(No laws against same-sex sexual activity has ever existed in the country)[337]		 / Partnerships recognized in 18 out of 22 jurisdictions[338] / To be legal by May 24, 2019[339]) Pending Bans some anti-gay discrimination (in work and education) Transgender people allowed to change legal gender[340]

Southeast Asia

LGBT rights in Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of relationships Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Brunei Brunei Illegal
Penalty: Fines and imprisonment up to 10 years or death by stoning.[45]
Cambodia Cambodia Legal
(No laws against same-sex sexual activity has ever existed in the country)[45]		 / Partnerships recognized in certain cities There has been at least one recorded case of a legally registered and recognized same-sex marriage; constitutional ban / Officially banned, but numerous same-sex adoptions have taken place
East Timor East Timor Legal since 1975
+ UN decl. sign.[45]
Indonesia Indonesia Legal nationwide, except;
Illegal in the provinces of Aceh, South Sumatra, and the city of Palembang (Applies only to Muslims);[341][342][45] Age of consent discrepancy		 [343] Transgender people allowed to change legal gender, but only after sex reassignment surgery
Laos Laos Legal
(No laws against same-sex sexual activity has ever existed in the country)[45]
Malaysia Malaysia Illegal
Penalty: fines, prison sentence (2-20 years), or whippings.[45][344]		 A 2016 court ruling recognizes gender changes as fundamental constitutional rights[345]
Myanmar Myanmar Illegal
Penalty: Up to life sentence (Not enforced).[45]
Philippines Philippines Legal
(No laws against same-sex sexual activity has ever existed in the country)[346][45][347]		 Pending[346] Pending[348] LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[349] Since 2009 / In certain cities and provinces,[350] including Cebu City,[351] Quezon City, and Davao City;[352][353]
National bill pending		 [354]
Singapore Singapore Male illegal
Penalty: up to 2 years prison sentence (Not enforced since 1999).
Female legal since 2007[45]		 / Due to conscription, but gays are not allowed to go to command school or serve in sensitive units Transgender people allowed to change legal gender, but only after sex reassignment surgery
Thailand Thailand Legal since 1956
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Pending[355] Pending[356] Since 2005 Bans all anti-gay discrimination Transgender people allowed to change gender.[357][358] Anti-discrimination protections for gender expression.[344]
Vietnam Vietnam Legal
(No laws against same-sex sexual activity has ever existed in the country)[45]
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Gender changes recognized and officially practised since 2017;[359][360] previously, gender changes were only allowed for persons of congenital sex defects and unidentifiable sex


Europe

List of countries or territories by LGBT rights in Europe


Tables:

European Union

Main article: LGBT rights in the European Union
LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
European Union European Union Legal in all 28 member states[361] / Legal in 26/28 member states
 / Legal in 14/28 member states
 / Stepchild adoption legal in 18/28 member states;
joint adoption legal in 13/28 member states		 / Legal in 27/28 member states
 Membership requires a state to ban anti-gay discrimination in employment.
3/28 states ban some anti-gay discrimination.
25/28 states ban all anti-gay discrimination		 / Legal in 27/28 member states[362]

Central Europe

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Austria Austria Legal since 1971[45]
+ UN decl. sign.		 Registered partnerships since 2010[363] / To be legal by 1 January 2019[364] Stepchild adoption since 2013;
joint adoption since 2016[365][366][367]		 Bans all anti-gay discrimination[51] Transgender people allowed to change gender without undergoing surgery[295]
Croatia Croatia Legal since 1977 (As part of Yugoslavia)
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Life partnerships since 2014[368] Constitutional ban since 2013[369] / Partner-guardianship since 2014 (parental responsibility and a permanent next-of-kins relationship between a life partner and their partner's child which is registered in the child's birth certificate) Bans all anti-gay discrimination[51][370] Act on the elimination of discrimination bans all discrimination based on both gender identity and gender expression. Gender change is regulated by special policy issued by Ministry of Health.[371]
Czech Republic Czech Republic Legal since 1962 (As part of Czechoslovakia)
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Registered partnerships since 2006[372] Pending[373] LGBT individuals in a registered partnership may adopt;[374] stepchild adoption pending[375] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[51] Legal recognition after sex reassignment surgery (with mandatory sterilisation)[376]
Germany Germany Legal in East Germany since 1968
Legal in West Germany since 1969
+ UN decl. sign.[45][377]		 Registered life partnerships from 2001 to 2017 (existing partnerships and new foreign partnerships still recognised)[378][379] Legal since 2017[380] Stepchild adoption since 2005; joint adoption legal since 2017[380] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[381][382] Gender change is legal; surgery not required[383]
Hungary Hungary Legal since 1962
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Registered partnerships since 2009[384] Constitutional ban since 2012[385][386][387][388] LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[386] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[51] Transgender people allowed to change gender without undergoing surgery[376]
Liechtenstein Liechtenstein Legal since 1989
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Registered partnerships since 2011[389] LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[390] Has no military Bans all anti-gay discrimination[51] Gender change is not legal[376]
Poland Poland Legal
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 / Unregistered cohabitation since 2012;
registered partnership proposed 2018		 Constitutional ban since 1997[391] LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[392] Bans some anti-gay discrimination[51] Transgender people allowed to change gender but require undergoing surgery
Slovakia Slovakia Legal since 1962 (As part of Czechoslovakia)
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 / Limited residency rights for married same-sex couples since 2018;
registered partnerships pending[393]		 Constitutional ban since 2014[394] LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[395] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[396][397] Requires sterilisation for change[376]
Slovenia Slovenia Legal since 1977 (As part of Yugoslavia)
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Registered partnerships since 2006[398];
Unregistered cohabitation since 2017[399]		 / Stepchild adoption since 2011[400] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[51] Gender change is legal[401]
Switzerland Switzerland Legal nationwide since 1942
Legal in the cantons of Geneva (as part of France), Ticino, Valais, and Vaud since 1798
+ UN decl. sign.[45][402]		 Registered partnerships in Geneva (2001),[403] Zürich (2003),[404] Neuchâtel (2004)[405] and Fribourg (2005)[405]
Nationwide since 2007[406]		 (Pending)[407] / Stepchild adoption since 2018[408] Bans some anti-gay discrimination
Banning all anti-gay discrimination pending[409]		 Legal documents can be issued based on a person's new gender identity. Sterilisation is technically required but has not been enforced since 2012. A registered partnership can become a marriage between the new opposite-sex couple.[410]

Eastern Europe

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Abkhazia Abkhazia
(Disputed territory)		 Legal after 1991
Armenia Armenia Legal since 2003
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 / Constitutional ban since 2015;[411][412] all marriages performed abroad recognized since 2017[413] [414]
Republic of Artsakh Artsakh
(Disputed territory)		 Legal since 2000 Constitutional ban since 2006[415]
Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Legal since 2000[45]
Belarus Belarus Legal since 1994[45] Constitutional ban since 1994[416] / Banned from military service during peacetime, but during wartime homosexuals are permitted to enlist as partially able[417]
Georgia (country) Georgia Legal since 2000
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Constitutional ban yet to take effect Bans all anti-gay discrimination[418] Requires sterilisation and surgery for change[376]
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Legal since 1998[45] [285]
Moldova Moldova Legal since 1995
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Constitutional ban since 1994[419] Bans some anti-gay discrimination[51] No longer requires sterilisation or surgery for change since 2017[376]
Romania Romania Legal since 1996
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 / Limited residency rights for married same-sex couples since 2018;[420]
civil partnerships proposed[421]		 Constitutional ban rejected LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[422] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[51] Legal recognition after sex reassignment surgery (sterilisation mandatory)[376]
Russia Russia Male legal since 1993
Female always legal[423][45]
Illegal in practice in Chechnya, where homosexuals are abducted and sent to concentration camps based on their perceived sexual orientation. See Gay concentration camps in Chechnya for more information.		 Constitutional ban proposed[424] No longer requires sterilisation or surgery for change since 2018[376]
South Ossetia South Ossetia
(Disputed territory)		 Legal after 1991
Transnistria Transnistria
(Disputed territory)		 Legal since 2002[425] Proposed[426]
Ukraine Ukraine Legal since 1991
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Constitutional ban since 1996[427] LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[428] [429] Bans some anti-gay discrimination[430] No longer requires sterilisation or surgery for change since 2016

Northern Europe

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Denmark Denmark Legal since 1933
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Registered partnerships from 1989 to 2012 (existing partnerships are still recognised)[431] Legal since 2012[432][433] Stepchild adoption since 1999;
joint adoption since 2010[434][435]		 Bans all anti-gay discrimination[51] Legal gender change and recognition possible without surgery or hormone therapy[436]
Estonia Estonia Legal since 1992
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Cohabitation agreement since 2016[437] / Marriage performed abroad recognized since 2016[438] / Stepchild adoption since 2016; couples where both partners are infertile may also jointly adopt non-biological children since 2016 Bans all anti-gay discrimination[51] Gender reassignment legal; surgery not required[376]
Faroe Islands Faroe Islands
(Constituent country of the Kingdom of Denmark)		 Legal since 1933
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Legal since 2017[439][440] Legal since 2017 Denmark responsible for defence Bans some anti-gay discrimination[441][442] [443]
Finland Finland
Åland Islands(includes Åland Islands)		 Legal since 1971
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Registered partnerships from 2002 to 2017 (existing partnerships are still recognised)[444] Legal since 2017[445] Stepchild adoption since 2009;
joint adoption since 2017		 Bans all anti-gay discrimination[51] Legal change and recognition is possible only with sterilisation[446]
Iceland Iceland Legal since 1940
(As part of Denmark)
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Registered cohabitation since 2006;[447]
Registered partnerships from 1996 to 2010 (existing partnerships are still recognised)[448]		 Legal since 2010[449][450] Legal since 2006[451][452] Has no military Bans all anti-gay discrimination[51] Documents can be amended to the recognised gender, sterilisation not required[453][376]
Latvia Latvia Legal since 1992
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Constitutional ban since 2006[454] LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[455] Bans some anti-gay discrimination[51] Documents are amended accordingly, no medical intervention required[456]
Lithuania Lithuania Legal since 1993
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Cohabitation agreement pending[457] Constitutional ban since 1992[458] Only married couples can adopt[459] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[51] Gender change legal; surgery required[460]
Norway Norway Legal since 1972
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Registered partnerships from 1993 to 2009 (existing partnerships are still recognised)[461] Legal since 2009[462][463] Stepchild adoption since 2002;
joint adoption since 2009[464][465]		 Bans all anti-gay discrimination[51] All documents can be amended to the recognised gender[295]
Sweden Sweden Legal since 1944
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Registered partnerships from 1995 to 2009 (existing partnerships are still recognised)[466] Legal since 2009[467] Legal since 2003[468][469] [470] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[51] [471]

Southern Europe

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Akrotiri and Dhekelia Akrotiri and Dhekelia
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)		 Legal since 2000
+ UN decl. sign.[45][472][473]		 Since 2005, for members of the British Armed Forces[474] Since 2014, for members of the British Armed Forces[475] UK responsible for defence Bans some anti-gay discrimination[476]
Albania Albania Legal since 1995
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Bans all anti-gay discrimination[51] No legal recognition[376]
Andorra Andorra Legal since 1990
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Stable unions since 2005[477]; Civil unions since 2014[478] Legal since 2014[479][478][480] Has no military Bans all anti-gay discrimination[51] No legal recognition[376]
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina Legal since 1996 in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in Republika Srpska since 1998, and in Brčko District since 2003
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Bans all anti-gay discrimination[51] Requires surgery for change[481]
Bulgaria Bulgaria Legal since 1968
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 / Limited residency rights for married same-sex couples since 2018 Constitutional ban since 1991[482] LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[483] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[51] Requires sterilisation and surgery for change[484][485]
Cyprus Cyprus Legal since 1998
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Civil cohabitation since 2015[486] (The only EU country to ban LGBT people in the military, not enforced)[487] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[51] Gender change is not legal
Gibraltar Gibraltar
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)		 Legal since 1993
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Civil partnerships since 2014[488] Legal since 2016[489] Legal since 2014 UK responsible for defence Bans some anti-gay discrimination; banning all anti-gay discrimination pending[490] Pending[491]
Greece Greece Legal since 1951 + UN decl. sign.[45] Civil unions since 2015[492] Same-sex couples in a civil partnership may become foster parents;[493] LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples Bans all anti-gay discrimination[51] Under the Legal Gender Recognition Act 2017[494][495]
Italy Italy Legal since 1890
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Civil unions since 2016[496][497] / One same-sex marriage was recognized in 2017[498] / Stepchild adoption admitted by the Court of Cassation[499][500] Bans some anti-gay discrimination[51] Legal recognition and documents can be amended to the recognised gender, sterilisation not required[501][502]
Kosovo Kosovo
(Disputed territory)		 Legal since 1994
(as part of Yugoslavia)[45]		 [503] LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[504][505] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[506] No legal recognition[376]
Republic of Macedonia Macedonia Legal since 1996
+ UN decl. sign.[45]
Malta Malta Legal since 1973
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Civil unions since 2014[507] Legal since 2017 Legal since 2014 Bans all anti-gay discrimination[51]
Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2016		 Transgender people allowed to change gender; surgery not required since 2015[508]
Montenegro Montenegro Legal since 1977 (As part of Yugoslavia)
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Proposed Constitutional ban since 2007[509][510] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[51] Requires sterilisation and surgery for change[295][376]
Northern Cyprus Northern Cyprus
(Disputed territory)		 Legal since 2014[297][298][45] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[297][298]
Portugal Portugal Legal since 1983
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 De facto unions since 2001[511][512] Legal since 2010[513] Legal since 2016[514][515][516] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[51] All documents can be amended to the recognised gender since 2011[517]
San Marino San Marino Legal since 1865
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 / Unregistered cohabitation since 2012 (only for immigration); civil unions proposed[518][519] Stepchild adoption proposed[519] Bans all anti-gay discrimination No legal recognition[295]
Serbia Serbia Legal from 1858, when nominally a vassal of the Ottoman Empire to 1860,[520] and again since 1994 (As part of Yugoslavia)
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Constitutional ban since 2006[521] LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples Bans all anti-gay discrimination[51] Gender change is allowed, after sterilisation and surgery
Spain Spain Legal since 1979
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 De facto unions in Catalonia (1998),[47] Aragon (1999),[47] Navarre (2000),[47] Castile-La Mancha (2000),[47] Valencia (2001),[522] the Balearic Islands (2001),[523] Madrid (2001),[47] Asturias (2002),[524] Castile and León (2002),[525] Andalusia (2002),[47] the Canary Islands (2003),[47] Extremadura (2003),[47] Basque Country (2003),[47] Cantabria (2005),[526] Galicia (2008)[527] La Rioja (2010),[528] and Murcia (2018) Legal since 2005[529] Legal since 2005[530][531] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[51]
Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal in Andalusia, Madrid, Murcia and Valencia		 Since 2007, all documents can be amended to the recognised gender[532]
Turkey Turkey Legal since 1858[45] Proposed[533] Proposed[533] Legal since 1988, requires sterilisation and surgery for change[534]
Vatican City Vatican City Legal since 1890 (As part of Italy)[45] Has no military

Western Europe

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Belgium Belgium Legal nationwide since 1795
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Legal cohabitation since 2000[535] Legal since 2003[536][537][538] Legal since 2006[539][540] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[51] Since 2018, sex changes do not require sterilisation and surgery[541]
France France Legal nationwide since 1791
Legal in Savoy since 1792
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Civil solidarity pact since 1999[542] Legal since 2013[543] Legal since 2013[544] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[51] Since 2017, sex changes no longer requires sterilisation and surgery[545]
Guernsey Guernsey
(Crown dependency of the United Kingdom)		 Legal since 1983
+ UN decl. sign.[546][547][45]		 / Civil partnerships performed in the UK abroad recognised for succession purposes in inheritance and other matters respecting interests in property since 2012[548][549][550] Legal since 2017 in Guernsey and since 2018 in Alderney[551]
Not legal in Sark		 Legal since 2017[552] UK responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination[553] Legal gender changes since 2007[553][554]
Republic of Ireland Ireland Male legal since 1993
Female always legal
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Civil partnerships from 2011 to 2015 (existing partnerships are still recognised)[555] Legal since 2015 after a constitutional referendum[556] Legal since 2017[557][558][559][560][561][562] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[563][564][565] Under the Gender Recognition Act 2015[566]
Isle of Man Isle of Man
(Crown dependency of the United Kingdom)		 Legal since 1992
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Civil partnerships since 2011[567] Legal since 2016[568] Legal since 2011 UK responsible for defence Bans allanti-gay discrimination[569] Transgender people are allowed to change their legal gender and to have their new gender recognised as a result of the Gender Recognition Act 2009 (c.11)[570][571]
Jersey Jersey
(Crown dependency of the United Kingdom)		 Legal since 1990
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Civil partnerships since 2012[572] Legal since 2018[573][574] Legal since 2012 UK responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination[575] Under the Gender Recognition (Jersey) Law 2010[576]
Luxembourg Luxembourg Legal since 1795
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Registered partnerships since 2004[577] Legal since 2015[578][579] Legal since 2015[580] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[581] No divorce, sterilization and/or surgery legally required since September 2018 for change of gender[582][376]
Monaco Monaco Legal since 1793
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Pending[583] France responsible for defence Bans some anti-gay discrimination[45]
Netherlands Netherlands Legal since 1811
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Registered partnership since 1998[584] Legal since 2001[585] Legal since 2001[586][587] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[588] [589]
United Kingdom United Kingdom Male legal in England and Wales since 1967, in Scotland since 1981, and in Northern Ireland since 1982
Female always legal
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Civil partnerships since 2005[590] Legal in England, Wales and Scotland since 2014[591][591]
Not performed in Northern Ireland		 Legal in England and Wales since 2005, in Scotland since 2009 and Northern Ireland since 2013[592][593][594] Since 2000 Bans all anti-gay discrimination[595][45] Under the Gender Recognition Act 2004

Oceania

List of countries or territories by LGBT rights in Oceania


Tables:

Australasia

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Australia Australia
(including territories of
 Christmas Island,
 Cocos (Keeling) Islands and
 Norfolk Island)		 Legal in some states and territories since 1975, nationwide since 1997
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Unregistered cohabitation nationally since 2009;
Domestic partnerships in Tasmania (2004),[596] South Australia (2007),[597] Victoria (2008),[598] New South Wales (2010),[599] and Queensland (2012);[600]
Civil unions in the Australian Capital Territory (2012)[601]		 Legal since 2017[602] Legal in some states and territories since 2002, nationwide since 2018 Since 1992[603] Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[604] Under state/territory laws. The ACT and SA do not require divorce and sex reassignment surgery to change sex on documents; NSW, VIC and QLD require only surgery; TAS, WA and NT require both divorce and surgery.[605][606] Forced divorce laws to expire on 9 December 2018.[604]
New Zealand New Zealand Legal since 1986
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Unregistered cohabitation since 2002;
Civil unions since 2005		 Legal since 2013[607] Legal since 2013[607] Since 1993 Bans all anti-gay discrimination Covered under the "sex discrimination" provision of the Human Rights Act 1993

Melanesia

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Fiji Fiji Legal since 2010
+ UN decl. sign.[608][45]		 Bans all anti-gay discrimination[45]
New Caledonia New Caledonia
(Special collectivity of France)		 Legal
(No laws against same-sex sexual activity has ever existed in the collectivity)
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Civil solidarity pact since 2009[609] Legal since 2013 Legal since 2013 France responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination Under French law
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea Male illegal
Penalty: 3 to 14 years imprisonment (Not enforced).
Female always legal[45]
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands Illegal
Penalty: Up to 14 years imprisonment (Not enforced).[45]		 Has no military [610]
Vanuatu Vanuatu Legal since 2007
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Bans some anti-gay discrimination

Micronesia

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Guam Guam
(Unincorporated territory of the United States)		 Legal since 1978 Since 2015 Legal since 2015 Legal since 2002 United States responsible for defense[159][611] Bans some anti-gay discrimination Allowed to change gender; require undergoing sex reassignment surgery
Federated States of Micronesia Micronesia Legal
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Has no military
Kiribati Kiribati Male illegal
Penalty: 5-14 years imprisonment (Not enforced).
Female legal[45]		 Has no military Bans some anti-gay discrimination
Marshall Islands Marshall Islands Legal since 2005
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Has no military
Nauru Nauru Legal since 2016[612][613]
+ UN decl. sign.		 Has no military
Northern Mariana Islands Northern Mariana Islands
(Unincorporated territory of the United States)		 Legal since 1983 Since 2015 Legal since 2015 Legal since 2015 United States responsible for defense[159][611] Under the Vital Statistics Act of 2006
Palau Palau Legal since 2014
+ UN decl. sign.[614]		 Constitutional ban since 2008 Has no military
United States United States Minor Outlying Islands
(Unincorporated territories of the United States)		 Legal Legal Legal United States responsible for defense[159][611]

Polynesia

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
American Samoa American Samoa
(Unincorporated territory of the United States)[615]		 Legal since 1980 [616] United States responsible for defense[159][611] [617]
Easter Island Easter Island
(Special territory of Chile)		 Legal since 1999;
Age of consent discrepancy
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Civil unions since 2015 Pending Pending Chile responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination Since 2007
Cook Islands Cook Islands
(Part of the Realm of New Zealand)		 Male illegal
Penalty: 5-14 years imprisonment (Not enforced).
Legalization pending[618]
Female legal
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 New Zealand responsible for defence Bans some anti-gay discrimination[619]
French Polynesia French Polynesia
(Overseas collectivity of France)		 Legal
(No laws against same-sex sexual activity has ever existed in the collectivity)
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Since 2013 Legal since 2013 Legal since 2013 France responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination Under French law
Niue Niue
(Part of the Realm of New Zealand)		 Legal since 2007
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 New Zealand responsible for defence
Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Islands
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)		 Legal since 2001
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Since 2015 Legal since 2015[620] Legal since 2015[621] UK responsible for defence Constitutional ban on all anti-gay discrimination[622]
Samoa Samoa Male illegal
Penalty: 5-7 years imprisonment (Not enforced).
Female always legal
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Has no military Bans some anti-gay discrimination[623] Samoa has a large transgender or "third-gender" community called the fa'afafine. They are a recognized part of traditional Samoan customs.
Tokelau Tokelau
(Part of the Realm of New Zealand)		 Legal since 2007
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 New Zealand responsible for defence
Tonga Tonga Male illegal
Penalty: Up to 10 years imprisonment (Not enforced).
Female always legal[45]
Tuvalu Tuvalu Male illegal
Penalty: Up to 14 years imprisonment (Not enforced).
Female legal
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Has no military
Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna
(Overseas collectivity of France)		 Legal
(No laws against same-sex sexual activity has ever existed in the collectivity)
+ UN decl. sign.[45]		 Civil solidarity pact since 2009 Legal since 2013 Legal since 2013 France responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination Under French law

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Legal nationwide, except the provinces of Aceh and for Muslims in the city of Palembang in South Sumatra.

References

  1. ↑ Jill Dougherty (June 17, 2011). "U.N. council passes gay rights resolution". CNN. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
  2. ↑ "UN issues first report on human rights of gay and lesbian people". United Nations. December 15, 2011. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
  3. ↑ Percy, William A. (1996). Pederasty and Pedagogy in Archaic Greece. University of Illinois Press. p. 18. ISBN 0-252-06740-1. Retrieved 2009-09-18.
  4. 1 2 3 Rankin, David; Ranking, H.D. (1996). Celts and the Classical World. Psychology Press. pp. 55 and 78. ISBN 978-0-4151-5090-3.
  5. ↑ ritiya-Prakriti: People of the Third Sex, p. 40
  6. ↑ "Gay and Lesbian Vaishnava Association, Inc". The Gay and Lesbian Vaishnava Association. Archived from the original on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 2 November 2013.
  7. 1 2 Homoeroticism in the Biblical World: A Historical Perspective, by Martti Nissinen, Fortress Press, 2004, p. 24–28
  8. ↑ The Origins and Role of Same-Sex Relations in Human Societies, by James Neill, McFarland, 27 Oct 2008, p.83
  9. ↑ The Construction of Homosexuality, authored by David Greenberg, University of Chicago Press, 1990
  10. ↑ "Homosexuality in the Ancient Near East, beyond Egypt by Bruce Gerig in the Ancient Near East, beyond Egypt". epistle.us.
  11. ↑ Pritchard, p. 181.
  12. ↑ Gay Rights Or Wrongs: A Christian's Guide to Homosexual Issues and Ministry, by Mike Mazzalonga, 1996, p.11
  13. ↑ Halsall, Paul. "The Code of the Assura". Internet History Sourcebooks Project. Fordham University. Archived from the original on 11 September 2015. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
  14. ↑ The Nature Of Homosexuality, Erik Holland, page 334, 2004
  15. ↑ "Tritiya-Prakriti: People of the Third Sex".
  16. ↑ G. R. Driver and J. C. Miles, The Assyrian Laws (Oxford, Clarendon Press [1935]), 71.
  17. ↑ Eva Cantarella, Bisexuality in the Ancient World (Yale University Press, 1992, 2002, originally published 1988 in Italian), p. xi; Marilyn B. Skinner, introduction to Roman Sexualities (Princeton University Press, 1997), p. 11.
  18. ↑ Thomas A.J. McGinn, Prostitution, Sexuality and the Law in Ancient Rome (Oxford University Press, 1998), p. 326.
  19. ↑ Catharine Edwards, "Unspeakable Professions: Public Performance and Prostitution in Ancient Rome," in Roman Sexualities, pp. 67–68.
  20. ↑ Amy Richlin, The Garden of Priapus: Sexuality and Aggression in Roman Humor (Oxford University Press, 1983, 1992), p. 225, and "Not before Homosexuality: The Materiality of the cinaedus and the Roman Law against Love between Men," Journal of the History of Sexuality 3.4 (1993), p. 525.
  21. ↑ Plutarch, Moralia 288a; Thomas Habinek, "The Invention of Sexuality in the World-City of Rome," in The Roman Cultural Revolution (Cambridge University Press, 1997), p. 39; Richlin, "Not before Homosexuality," pp. 545–546. Scholars disagree as to whether the Lex Scantinia imposed the death penalty or a hefty fine.
  22. ↑ Craig Williams, Roman Homosexuality (Oxford University Press, 1999, 2010), p. 304, citing Saara Lilja, Homosexuality in Republican and Augustan Rome (Societas Scientiarum Fennica, 1983), p. 122.
  23. ↑ Williams, Roman Homosexuality, pp. 214–215; Richlin, "Not before Homosexuality," passim.
  24. ↑ Catharine Edwards, The Politics of Immorality in Ancient Rome (Cambridge University Press, 1993), pp. 63–64.
  25. ↑ As recorded in a fragment of the speech De Re Floria by Cato the Elder (frg. 57 Jordan = Aulus Gellius 9.12.7), noted and discussed by Richlin, "Not before Homosexuality," p. 561.
  26. ↑ Richlin, "Not before Homosexuality," pp. 562–563. See also Digest 48.5.35 [34] on legal definitions of rape that included boys.
  27. ↑ Under the Lex Aquilia. See McGinn, Prostitution, Sexuality, and the Law in Ancient Rome, p. 314.
  28. ↑ McGinn, Prostitution, Sexuality and the Law in Ancient Rome, p. 40.
  29. ↑ Sara Elise Phang, Roman Military Service: Ideologies of Discipline in the Late Republic and Early Principate (Cambridge University Press, 2008), p. 93.
  30. ↑ Polybius, Histories 6.37.9 (translated as bastinado).
  31. ↑ Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers, pp. 280–285.
  32. ↑ Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers, p. 3.
  33. ↑ Williams, Roman Homosexuality, p. 112 et passim.
  34. ↑ Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers, pp. 285–292.
  35. ↑ Juvenal, Satire 2; Williams, Roman Homosexuality, p. 28.
  36. ↑ Suetonius Life of Nero 28–29; Williams, Roman Homosexuality, p. 279ff.
  37. ↑ Michael Groneberg, "Reasons for Homophobia: Three Types of Explanation," in Combatting Homophobia: Experiences and Analyses Pertinent to Education (LIT Verlag, 2011), p. 193.
  38. ↑ Codex Theodosianus 9.7.3 (4 December 342), introduced by the sons of Constantine in 342.
  39. ↑ Groneberg, "Reasons for Homophobia," p. 193.
  40. ↑ Evans-Pritchard, E. E. (1970). "Sexual Inversion among the Azande". American Anthropologist. New Series. 72 (6): 1428–1434. doi:10.1525/aa.1970.72.6.02a00170.
  41. ↑ Leupp, Gary P. (1999). Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan. University of California Press. pp. 53–54. ISBN 0-520-20909-5.
  42. ↑ Murray, Stephen (ed.); Roscoe, Will (ed.) (1998). Boy Wives and Female Husbands: Studies of African Homosexualities. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-23829-0.
  43. ↑ Herdt, Gilbert H. (1984), Ritualized Homosexuality in Melanesia, University of California Press, pp. 128–136, ISBN 0-520-08096-3
  44. ↑ In the Russian law "for the Purpose of Protecting Children from Information Advocating for a Denial of Traditional Family Values", foreigners may be arrested and detained for up to 15 days then deported, or fined up to 5,000 rubles and deported.
  45. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 "State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition" (PDF). International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. 17 May 2016. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  46. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 "Where is it illegal to be gay? - BBC News". Bbc.com. Retrieved 2015-09-29.
  47. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Galán, José Ignacio Pichardo. "Same-sex couples in Spain. Historical, contextual and symbolic factors" (PDF). Institut national d'études démographiques. Retrieved December 30, 2012.
  48. ↑ "Spain approves liberal gay marriage law". St. Petersburg Times. 2005-07-01. Retrieved 2007-01-08.
  49. ↑ "Spain - Intercountry Adoption". travel.state.gov.
  50. ↑ (in Spanish) Boletín Oficial del Estado Ley 14/2006, de 26 de mayo, sobre técnicas de reproducción humana asistida (see Article 7)
  51. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 "ILGA-Europe" (PDF). ilga-europe.org.
  52. 1 2 3 (in Spanish) Ley 3/2007, de 15 de marzo, reguladora de la rectificación registral de la mención relativa al sexo de las personas
  53. ↑ (in Spanish) Reglamento regulador del Registro de Uniones de Hecho
  54. 1 2 "Spain approves liberal gay marriage law". St. Petersburg Times. 2005-07-01. Retrieved 2007-01-08.
  55. 1 2 "Adoption in Spain". Intercountry Adoption. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  56. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "ILGA-Europe". ilga-europe.org.
  57. ↑ "Egypt (Law) - ILGA". ilga.org. ILGA. Archived from the original on 11 July 2014. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  58. ↑ "Libyan Penal Code of 1953, Amended 1956 (selected provisions related to women) – 4: Title III – Offences Against Freedom, Honour and Morals". Retrieved 19 May 2017.
  59. ↑ (in Portuguese) Law no. 7/2001, from 11 May (specifically Article 1, no. 1).
  60. ↑ (in Portuguese) AR altera lei das uniões de facto
  61. ↑ Law no. 9/2010, from 30th May.
  62. ↑ (in Portuguese) Lei 17/2016 de 20 de junho
  63. ↑ (in Portuguese) Lei que alarga a procriação medicamente assistida publicada em Diário da República
  64. ↑ (in Portuguese) Todas as mulheres com acesso à PMA a 1 de Agosto
  65. ↑ "MEPs welcome new gender change law in Portugal; concerned about Lithuania - The European Parliament Intergroup on LGBTI Rights". www.lgbt-ep.eu.
  66. ↑ (in Spanish) REGLAMENTO REGULADOR DEL REGISTRO DE PAREJAS DE HECHO DE LA CIUDAD AUTÓNOMA DE MELILLA
  67. ↑ "Morocco (Law)". ilga.org. ILGA. Archived from the original on 24 July 2014. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  68. ↑ "Encyclopedia of Lesbian and Gay Histories and Cultures: An Encyclopedia. Gay histories and cultures. Vol. 2". Taylor & Francis. 8 November 2017 – via Google Books.
  69. ↑ "La junta de protección a la infancia de Barcelona: Aproximación histórica y guía de su archivo" (PDF). Retrieved 20 January 2011.
  70. ↑ "Tunisia (Law)". ilga.org. ILGA. Archived from the original on 4 July 2014. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  71. ↑ "Tunisian presidential committee recommends decriminalizing homosexuality". NBC News. Retrieved 2018-06-19.
  72. ↑ "Benin (Law)". ilga.org. ILGA. Archived from the original on 3 July 2014. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  73. ↑ "The Gambia passes bill imposing life sentences for some homosexual acts | World news". The Guardian. Retrieved 2015-09-29.
  74. ↑ "Ghana (Law)". ilga.org. ILGA. Archived from the original on 3 July 2014. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  75. ↑ "LGBT Rights in Liberia - Equaldex". www.equaldex.com.
  76. ↑ "LGBT Rights in Mauritania - Equaldex". www.equaldex.com.
  77. ↑ "Nigeria (Law)". ilga.org. ILGA. Archived from the original on 3 July 2014. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  78. ↑ "LGBT Rights in Senegal - Equaldex". www.equaldex.com.
  79. ↑ "Décret n° 160218 du 30 mars 2016 portant promulgation de la Constitution de la République centrafricaine" (PDF). ilo.org.
  80. ↑ "Marriage (Ascension) Ordinance, 2016" (PDF).
  81. ↑ "This tiny island just passed same-sex marriage".
  82. ↑ "Everything you need to know about human rights. | Amnesty International". Amnesty.org. 2015-09-25. Retrieved 2015-09-29.
  83. ↑ "Laws of Kenya ; The Constitution of Kenya" (PDF). Kenyaembassy.com. Retrieved 2015-09-29.
  84. 1 2 Gettleman, Jeffrey (8 November 2017). "David Kato, Gay Rights Activist, Is Killed in Uganda" – via www.nytimes.com.
  85. ↑ "LGBT Rights in Eritrea - Equaldex". www.equaldex.com.
  86. 1 2 Noor Ali (7 July 2013). "Gay Somali refugees face death threats". www.aljazeera.com.
  87. ↑ "LGBT Rights in Comoros - Equaldex". www.equaldex.com.
  88. ↑ "The Sexual Offences Bill" (PDF). mauritiusassembly.govmu.org. Government of Mauritius. 6 April 2007. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  89. ↑ "LGBT Rights in Mauritius - Equaldex". www.equaldex.com.
  90. 1 2 "Africa: Outspoken activists defend continent's sexual diversity - Norwegian Council for Africa". Afrika.no. 2009-08-06. Retrieved 2015-09-29.
  91. ↑ "Equal Opportunities Act 2008" (PDF). Ilo.org. Retrieved 2015-09-29.
  92. ↑ "Tiny African victory: Seychelles repeals ban on gay sex". 18 May 2016.
  93. ↑ "LGBT Rights in Angola - Equaldex". www.equaldex.com.
  94. ↑ Group, Global Media (23 February 2017). "Angola - Aprovada em Angola nova lei que penaliza aborto com prisão".
  95. ↑ Group, Global Media (28 June 2017). "Internacional - Votação do novo Código Penal angolano novamente adiada".
  96. ↑ "Employment & labour law in Angola". Lexology. 15 September 2015.
  97. ↑ Transgender Rights in Angola
  98. ↑ Fresh bid to decriminalise homosexuality, Mmegi Online
  99. ↑ Press Release: Botswana High Court Rules in Landmark Gender Identity Case
  100. ↑ Transgender Rights in Lesotho
  101. ↑ "Malawi suspends anti-gay laws as MPs debate repeal | World news". The Guardian. Retrieved 2015-09-29.
  102. ↑ "Mozambique Gay Rights Group Wants Explicit Constitutional Protections | Care2 Causes". Care2.com. 2011-03-03. Retrieved 2015-09-29.
  103. ↑ "Homosexuality Decriminalised in Mozambique". Kuchu Times. 2015-06-01. Retrieved 2015-09-29.
  104. ↑ "Namibia". State.gov. 2002-03-04. Retrieved 2015-09-29.
  105. ↑ "Namibia". Lgbtnet.dk. Retrieved 2015-09-29.
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  573. ↑ {https://privycouncil.independent.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/2018-05-23-List-of-Business.pdf}
  574. ↑ "Superintendent Registrar's advice for same-sex marriage planning". www.gov.je.
  575. ↑ "Draft" (PDF). statesassembly.gov.je.
  576. ↑ "GENDER RECOGNITION (JERSEY) LAW 2010" (PDF).
  577. ↑ (in French) Loi du 9 juillet 2004 relative aux effets légaux de certains partenariats
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  583. ↑ "n° 207 - Proposition de loi relative au Pacte de vie commune". conseil-national.mc.
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  587. ↑ (in Dutch) Staatsblad Wet van 25 november 2013 tot wijziging van Boek 1 van het Burgerlijk Wetboek in verband met het juridisch ouderschap van de vrouwelijke partner van de moeder anders dan door adoptie
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  589. ↑ "The Netherlands Passes Landmark Gender Identity Law".
  590. ↑ "Civil Partnership Act 2004". legislation.gov.uk.
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  593. ↑ "United Kingdom". travel.state.gov.
  594. ↑ legislation.gov.uk Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008: Cases in which woman to be other parent
  595. ↑ "Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 (c. 4)". opsi.gov.uk.
  596. ↑ "Relationships Act 2003". Tasmanian Legislation. Retrieved September 14, 2012.
  597. ↑ "South Australia gays get new rights by Tony Grew (7 December 2006)". pinknews.com.au. Retrieved 2007-09-03.
  598. ↑ Relationships Act 2008 (Vic)
  599. ↑ "Massive support for register". Star Observer. May 13, 2010. Retrieved September 14, 2012.
  600. ↑ Agius, Kym (December 1, 2011). "Bligh asks ALP to support gay marriage". Retrieved September 14, 2012.
  601. ↑ "Civil Unions Bill 2011". ACT Government. Retrieved September 14, 2012.
  602. ↑ Chang, Charis (8 December 2017). "Same-sex marriage is now legal in Australia". news.com.au. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
  603. ↑ "Australia Ends a Prohibition On Homosexuals in Military". query.nytimes.com. 24 November 1992.
  604. 1 2 "Sex Discrimination Amendment (Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Intersex Status) Bill 2013". aph.gov.au.
  605. ↑ "Trans forced divorce laws to stay for now". buzzfeed.com.
  606. ↑ "Spouse the new word". news.com.au.
  607. 1 2 "Marriage equality Bill officially signed into law". gaynz.com. 19 April 2013.
  608. ↑ Chand, Shalveen (26 February 2010). "Same sex law decriminalised". Fiji Times. Archived from the original on 22 August 2011. Retrieved 6 October 2011.
  609. ↑ "NEW CALEDONIA CATCHES UP TO FRANCE". Star Observer. June 9, 2009.
  610. ↑ Verheyen, Vincent. "Sexual orientation [LGBTQ+] and the draft of the new Solomon Islands Constitution". Retrieved 3 March 2016.
  611. 1 2 3 4 "Beginning today, transgender individuals can join the US military". ABC News. January 1, 2018.
  612. ↑ "Nauru decriminalises homosexuality". 27 May 2016.
  613. ↑ "Crimes Act 2016". ronlaw.gov.nr.
  614. ↑ "Palau decriminalises sex between men".
  615. ↑ "Sodomy Laws American Samoa". Sodomylaws.org. 28 March 2004. Archived from the original on 2012-02-19. Retrieved 21 December 2008.
  616. ↑ Sagapolutele, Fili. "gay marriage illegal in American Samoa". USNews. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
  617. ↑ National Center for Transgender Equality
  618. ↑ "This island nation is set to decriminalise homosexuality". pinknews.co.uk. 3 August 2017.
  619. ↑ "Employment Relations Act 2012" (PDF). intaff.whupi.com. 2012.
  620. ↑ "Pitcairn Island: Same Sex Marriage and Civil Partnership Ordinance 2015".
  621. ↑ "Laws - PITCAIRN". gaylawnet.com.
  622. ↑ "The Pitcairn Constitution Order 2010" (PDF). pitcairn.pn.
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