Poadh
Powadh (or Puadh or Powadha) is a region of the Punjab, India, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh states in northwest India which has the Satluj river in its north and covers the regions immediately south of the Ghaggar river. The people of the area are known as Poadhi and speak the Poadhi dialect of Punjabi.
Etymology
The word "Poadh" is made up of two Punjabi words: "Poorva" (eastern) and "adh" (eastern half).[1] The term refers to the eastern half of the Punjab region.
Extent
Powadh generally lies between the Sutlej and Ghaggar-Hakra rivers and south, south-east and east of Rupnagar district adjacent to Ambala district (in Haryana).[2]
Punjab, India
In Punjab:
- Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar District: Kurali, Mohali, Kharar;[3]
- Rupnagar district; Ropar; and Chamkaur Sahib;
- Fategarh Sahib district: Amloh, Morinda,[4] and Sirhind;[5]
- Ludhiana district: Pail[6] Doraha, [note 1] and Samrala;
- Patiala district: Rajpura and western part of Patiala district[8] including Patiala city.[9]
- Sangrur district: Malerkotla[10].
Haryana
In Haryana, Pinjore,[11] Panchkula, Naraingarh, Kalka, Ambala and Yamunanagar districts fall within Poadh. Other areas include Jagadhri, Kalesar, Pehowa, Gulha teshil[12] of Kaithal district and Fatehabad district.
Himachal Pradesh
Nalagarh,[13] Mahlog[14] (Solan district)[15] and Kala Amb[16] (Sirmaur district) in Himachal Pradesh lies in the east of Poadh, which separates the states of Himachal Pradesh and Haryana.
Chandigarh
Chandigarh falls within the Poadh region.[17]
Gallary
- Sarai Lashkari (Doraha)
- Guru Gobind Singh Bhawan. Punjabi University, Patiala
- Statues made of waste Bangles at Rock Garden, Chandigarh
- Morni Hills and Tikkar Taal, Haryana
- Thaan (shrine) in Dera village Bakarpur, Mohali
- Stupa Base, Sanghol (Fategarh Sahib district)
- Ruins of Indus Valley Civilization, Punjab (Rupnagar)
- Tomb of Shagird village Talania Sirhind
- Fatehgarh Sahib Gurdwara, Punjab, India
- SD College, Ambala
- Mandir in Pehowa, Haryana
- Kalka–Shimla Railway
- NSMK Institute of Advanced Studies, Malerkotla
- View of city from the Palace Nalagarh Princely State
Culture
Poadh is often wrongly included in Malwa by the media.[18] The region had its own poets even at Akbar's court such as Mai Banno of Banur. More recent poets include Bhagat Asa Ram Baidwan of Sohana. The Dhadd Sarangi and Kavishri singing originated in Poadh and also different types of Akharas such as that of Rabbi Bhaironpuri. Powadh consists only a small quantity of Punjab. The Majha, Malwa, and Doaba make up majority of the Punjab.
Powadhi dialect
The dialect of the Punjabi language spoken in Powadh is called Powadhi. The language is a mixture of Punjabi and Haryanvi. It is spoken by the people of Rajpura, Ghanaur and Devigarh region of Patiala district, Banur region, villages of Mohali and some region of Ropar district in Punjab, whereas in Haryana in villages of Ambala and Panchkula district people speak this language. Also region of Ismailabad and Shahbad of Kurukshetra speak this language, also a tehsil of Sadhaura of Yamunanagar district.
See also
Notes
References
- ↑ The Tribune (05.11.2006) PUNJABI REVIEW Of Puadh and Pablo Neruda Surinder Singh Tej Puadh Darpan Edited by Manmohan Singh Daon Punjabi Sath-Panj Nad Parkashan, Lambra (Jalandhar)
- ↑ "Powadh or Puadh or Powadha is a region of Punjab and parts of Haryana between the Satluj and Ghaggar rivers. The part lying south, south-east and east of Rupnagar adjacent to Ambala District (Haryana) is Powadhi".
- ↑ Farmers of India, Volume 1. Indian Council of Agricultural Research
- ↑ Transactions of the Institute of Indian Geographers, Volume 19 (1997) Department of Geography, University of Poona
- ↑ Punjab District Gazetteers, Part 1 (1919)
- ↑ Proceedings, Volume 23. (1990) Punjabi University
- ↑ Punjab district gazetteers, Volume 1 (1970)
- ↑ Sukhawindara Siṅgha Saṅghā , (2006) Indian Institute of Language Studies Panjabi Phonology: A Sociolinguistic Study
- ↑ Banarsi Das Jain (1934) A Phonology of Panjābī: As Spoken about Ludhiana, and A Ludhiānī Phonetic Reader. University of Punjab
- ↑ Census of India, 1981: District census handbook. A & B, Village & town directory ; Village & townwise primary census abstract
- ↑ Gajrana, S. (1994) Peasants, landlords, and princes, 1920-56, Volume 1. Rima Pub. House,
- ↑ Singh, Jasbir (1976) An Agricultural Geography of Haryana. Vishal publications
- ↑ Link, Volume 8, Issues 1-25. United India Periodicals, 1965
- ↑ Census of India, 1961: Himachal Pradesh
- ↑ Minakshi Chaudhry (2007)Destination Himachal: Over 132 Offbeat and 12 Popular Getaways. Rupa and Co.
- ↑ Spectrum (05.11.2006( PUNJABI REVIEW Of Puadh and Pablo Neruda Surinder Singh Tej
- ↑ Pakha Sanjam, Volume 14 (1981) Punjabi University
- ↑ "Major Punjabi Dialects".