Plattsburgh (city), New York

Plattsburgh
City
City of Plattsburgh
MacDonough Monument in front of City Hall

Seal
Nickname(s): "The Lake City" "(La Ville sur le Lac)" "The Burgh"
Motto(s): Ipsa Sibi Præmium Virtus
("Virtue is its own reward.")

Map of the city

Location in Clinton County and the state of New York.
Coordinates: 44°41′43″N 73°27′30″W / 44.69528°N 73.45833°W / 44.69528; -73.45833Coordinates: 44°41′43″N 73°27′30″W / 44.69528°N 73.45833°W / 44.69528; -73.45833
Country United States
State New York
County Clinton
Settled 1785
Incorporated 1815 (village)
1902 (city)
Named for Zephaniah Platt
Government
 • Type Mayor-council
 • Mayor Colin Read (D)
 • City Council
Area
 • Total 6.6 sq mi (17.0 km2)
 • Land 5.1 sq mi (13.1 km2)
 • Water 1.5 sq mi (4.0 km2)  23.4%
Elevation 138 ft (42 m)
Population (2010)[1]
 • Total 19,989
 • Estimate (2016)[2] 19,780
 • Density 3,000/sq mi (1,200/km2)
Time zone UTC-5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST) UTC-4 (EDT)
ZIP codes 12901, 12903
Area code(s) 518 838
FIPS code 36-58574
GNIS feature ID 0960698
Website CityofPlattsburgh-NY.gov

Plattsburgh is a city in and the seat of Clinton County, New York, United States. The population was 19,989 at the 2010 census.[1] The population of the unincorporated areas within the Town of Plattsburgh was 11,870 as of the 2010 census, making the population for the immediate Plattsburgh region 31,859.

The city of Plattsburgh is within the boundaries of the original town of Plattsburgh and is in the North Country region of the U.S. state of New York.

Micropolitan statistical area

The city of Plattsburgh is the population center and county seat at the heart of the Plattsburgh micropolitan statistical area (MSA) - population 82,128 as of the 2010 Census.[3] A statistical area representing the greater Plattsburgh region (as defined by the U.S. government), the Plattsburgh MSA includes all communities in the immediate Clinton County, New York area.

History

Under French rule

Beginning with Samuel de Champlain's expedition into the Lake Champlain valley in 1609,[4] the Plattsburgh region began to come under the French influence, and later passed under British, and finally American control. The early French contact and its closeness to Quebec made this a historically French area. Located in the extended fur trade network in the Montreal hinterland, the Plattsburgh area was the realm of the coureur des bois, who served the larger trading hub in Montreal.

Perspective map and list of landmarks in Plattsburgh from 1899 by C. Fausel published by L.R. Burleigh

Although Plattsburgh is a relatively new city, the surrounding area was settled during the mid-to-late 17th century. A permanent French settlement was hampered by the threat of conflict with the Iroquois, but French missionaries began living among the indigenous population as early as 1609.[5] Moreover, the area near Plattsburgh is notable for being the site of an indigenous village.[4] The local Catholic Churches also used to be run by Bishops of Quebec until 1808, when they were transferred to American Pastoral Care.[6] As of 2013, trends are forcing Catholic churches and schools to consolidate.[7]

Transition to British and then American rule

Plattsburgh and much of the lands comprising present day Clinton County were originally part of the French settlement of New France.[8] They stayed a part of New France until the outcome of the French and Indian War, where the French lost their hold on this region to the British. This conflict (1754–1763) predated the American Revolution (1775–1783). As a condition of the 1763 Treaty of Paris, a vast region including present-day Plattsburgh was ceded from France to Britain. It was incorporated into British rule as part of the Indian Reserve. The Reserve was established by Britain as an attempt to protect British colonial positions in New England and the Middle Colonies using the newly acquired lands to buffer against armed conflict with Spain. The founding of present-day Plattsburgh, however, was not an act of the British, rather it coincided with the American territorial acquisition after the American Revolutionary War; ended as per the agreement between the newly established United States of America and Great Britain via the 1783 Treaty of Paris.

Plattsburgh's founding under American rule

Plattsburgh was founded by Zephaniah Platt in 1785 after he was granted the land by George Clinton.[9] In granting land to Zephaniah Platt of Poughkeepsie, New York - who went on to establish the new city of Plattsburgh to buffer emerging American interests in the Saint Lawrence River valley and Lake Champlain valley after the American victory in the American Revolutionary War - the centralized American authority proclaimed the area including and surrounding the old French trading areas and Iroquois settlement to be refounded as the settlement of Plattsburgh in 1785.

Regardless, local residents exercised their unique French culture and history over the years in ways still visible today. In Plattsburgh, for example, there is no "Main Street" - a common vestige of English colonies, whereas in a unique tradition major streets and thoroughfares were named after the daughters of prominent businessman and politicians (e.g., Catherine, Margaret, present day North Catherine and South Catherine Streets, and Plattsburgh's "Main Street", Cornelia St.). In a similar fashion, local residents named local streets after renowned Frenchmen including Samuel de Champlain, the region's founder, and General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm - the French general who gained fame defeating incredible numerical odds in battles throughout the Oswego and Hudson River Valley areas before going on to organize the last French defense of Québec at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham. The oldest monument within the city limits is dedicated to Samuel de Champlain.

Notable historical events

With its significant location on a major water thoroughfare and close to the Canada–U.S. border, Plattsburgh has been the site of a number of historic events including the Revolutionary War's Battle of Valcour Island and the War of 1812's Battle of Plattsburgh; the city has a War of 1812 museum. The Battle of Plattsburgh is significant as it was the final battle between the British/Canadian forces and the American (a feat that was made prominent given the battle was a flout of no less than 9,000 United Kingdom and Canadian forces compared to a force of 1,500 American regulars and 1,900 New York and Vermont militia) – for references see Battle of Plattsburgh.

Plattsburgh Normal School was founded in 1889. It burned in 1929, and relocated to City Hall for three years.[10] In 1932 the college moved into the current Hawkins Hall which became the base of the modern campus. In 1948 it became State University of New York at Plattsburgh.

In 1915, the Preparedness Movement established the first and best-known of its training camps for prospective military volunteers at Plattsburgh. The "Plattsburgh camps" trained about 40,000 potential Army officers in the summers of 1915 and 1916.

During the Cold War, military functions took a prominent role in Plattsburgh, which was home to Plattsburgh Air Force Base (PAFB) and was the location of the Strategic Air Command's primary wing on the U.S. East Coast due to its geographic desirability. The base's location in the Champlain Valley (protected by the rain shadow of the Adirondack Mountains) ensured consistent, year-round weather that was safe for take-offs and landings. The 380th Bombardment, Aerospace, and Refueling Wings, all stationed at PAFB, included B-52 Bombers, air-refueling "tankers" and FB-111s. The base had a great deal of land surface and was one of only four military bases in the United States with a landing strip large enough for a Space Shuttle landing.[11]

A B-47 with the inscription "Pride of the Adirondacks" on display in the Clyde A. Lewis Air Park
A B-47 bomber with the inscription "Pride of the Adirondacks", one of two aircraft on display in the Clyde A. Lewis Air Park.

On September 1, 1961, the 556 Strategic Missile Squadron was activated at Plattsburgh AFB. The Squadron consisted of 12 Atlas "F" Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles stored in underground silos at 12 sites surrounding the city of Plattsburgh. Ten of the silos were in New York, two across Lake Champlain in Vermont. The squadron played an active role in the 1962 Cuban Missile crisis, giving President Kennedy a powerful negotiating tool in dealing with Nikita Khrushchev. The 556 SMS's life was relatively short lived since the Atlas was a liquid fuel system that was expensive and difficult to maintain. As the solid fuel Minuteman ICBM began to come on line, the liquid fueled missiles such as the Atlas and Titan were retired. The 556 SMS began inactivating in the spring of 1965, completing that task later that year.

Despite its numerous awards for performance excellence, PAFB was closed on September 29, 1995 in a round of national base closures in the early 1990s as the Air Force began to pare down its post-Cold War missions. The base property is now managed by the Plattsburgh Airbase Redevelopment Corporation (PARC) and is used by a number of industrial manufacturers and commercial airlines.

Throughout much of the 1980s, when the Canadian dollar was strong relative to the U.S. dollar, Plattsburgh was a favorite tourist location for vacationers from Montreal and southern Quebec.[11] Bilingual signs, in English and French, are found in parts of the city.[11] The city beaches and camp grounds were regularly crowded and Plattsburgh attracted enough retail stores and outlets to build a second large indoor shopping mall, Champlain Centre North, in addition to several outdoor shopping centers.[11] The additional retail space of the Champlain Centre North along with the new Consumer Square (Walmart, Staples, TJ Maxx...) made the Pyramid Mall irrelevant; it was largely demolished (with exception of Kmart and the restored old Price Chopper building) and converted into a power center with a 115,000 sq ft (10,700 m2) Lowes Home Center and a new Price Chopper as the anchor stores. Today, the city relies largely in part on new industries expanding on the former airbase as well as established manufacturing plants, such as Bombardier,[12] Nova Bus,[13] and Georgia-Pacific paper plant. The GP plant is housed in the former LOZIER Auto factory built in the early 20th century on the former (lakefront) Anderson Farm.

Plattsburgh was the first city in the state of New York to elect an openly gay mayor when it elected Daniel Stewart in 1999.[14]

Notable people

Spelling

Plattsburgh is sometimes mistakenly spelled as Plattsburg, leaving off the "h". Adding to the confusion are many historic documents relating to the famous naval engagement between the United States and Britain in 1814 which refer to the Battle of Plattsburg.[32][33] As a result, some history has been written using the latter spelling. For example, historian and former president of the Society of the War of 1812 in Illinois, John Meloy Stahl, published in 1918 "The Battle of Plattsburg: A Study in and of The War of 1812."[34]

Compounding the confusion, in 1950 the editor of the New York State Legislative Manual, seeking to simplify the organization of that year's manual, requested a listing of state post offices from the United States Postal Service. Upon review of the listing, the difference in spelling was noted. The city was contacted and an investigation was begun by postal authorities.

U.S. Postal Service records show that the name of the post office was changed to Plattsburg in 1894. During 1892–1894, the federal Post Office Department was growing at a rapid pace. The Postmaster General issued an order establishing guidelines for post office names for new post offices.[35][36] The order was misunderstood by local postal officials who caused the name of the village post to be changed to Plattsburg. As a result of the 1951 investigation, the name of the city post office was changed back to Plattsburgh. At no time was the name of the city itself ever changed.

To this day, some signs (including U.S. and Canadian highway signs, and a sign at the Plattsburgh Amtrak Station, among others) erroneously point the way to "Plattsburg". There is also a bank with plattsburg bank inscribed at the top.

Geography and Climate

Saranac River flowing through Verdantique Park

Plattsburgh is at 44°41′43″N 73°27′30″W / 44.69528°N 73.45833°W / 44.69528; -73.45833 (44.695365, -73.458593).[37] According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 6.6 square miles (17.0 km²), of which, 5.1 square miles (13.1 km²) of it is land and 1.5 square miles (4.0 km²) of it (23.40%) is water.

Plattsburgh is on the western shore of Lake Champlain, in the northeastern part of the state of New York, just south of Cumberland Head.

The Saranac River flows through the city into Lake Champlain.

Climate

Plattsburgh is classified as a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb) with very cold winters and warm, often humid, summers.[38]

Climate data for Plattsburgh, NY
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 64
(18)		 59
(15)		 80
(27)		 92
(33)		 94
(34)		 97
(36)		 99
(37)		 101
(38)		 95
(35)		 87
(31)		 75
(24)		 63
(17)		 101
(38)
Average high °F (°C) 26
(−3)		 29
(−2)		 39
(4)		 53
(12)		 66
(19)		 75
(24)		 80
(27)		 77
(25)		 68
(20)		 56
(13)		 44
(7)		 32
(0)		 54
(12)
Average low °F (°C) 7
(−14)		 9
(−13)		 21
(−6)		 34
(1)		 45
(7)		 55
(13)		 60
(16)		 58
(14)		 49
(9)		 38
(3)		 29
(−2)		 16
(−9)		 35
(2)
Record low °F (°C) −34
(−37)		 −28
(−33)		 −15
(−26)		 8
(−13)		 25
(−4)		 36
(2)		 40
(4)		 38
(3)		 28
(−2)		 17
(−8)		 0
(−18)		 −21
(−29)		 −34
(−37)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 2.34
(59.4)		 1.87
(47.5)		 2.32
(58.9)		 2.97
(75.4)		 3.02
(76.7)		 3.37
(85.6)		 3.23
(82)		 3.74
(95)		 3.41
(86.6)		 2.81
(71.4)		 2.93
(74.4)		 2.49
(63.2)		 34.5
(876.1)
Source: [39]

Demographics

Downtown Plattsburgh

As of the census[1] of 2010, there were 19,989 people, 7,600 households, and 3,473 families residing in the city.

The population density was 3,919.4 people per square mile (1,525.9/km²). There were 8,691 housing units at an average density of 1704.1/sq mi (663.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 89.88% White, 3.5% Black or African American, 0.38% Native American, 2.77% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.03% from other races, and 2.41% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.4% of the population.

There were 7,600 households out of which 22.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 31.1% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 54.3% were non-families. 40.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.10 and the average family size was 2.83.

In the city, the population was spread out with 16.5% under the age of 18, 27.7% from 18 to 24, 23.5% from 25 to 44, 18.1% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $28,846, and the median income for a family was $46,337. Males had a median income of $35,429 versus $26,824 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,127. About 13.6% of families and 23.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.0% of those under age 18 and 13.0% of those age 65 or over.

Historical population
CensusPop.%±
18603,032—
18705,13969.5%
18805,2452.1%
18907,01033.7%
19008,43420.3%
191011,13832.1%
192010,909−2.1%
193013,34922.4%
194016,35122.5%
195017,7388.5%
196020,17213.7%
197018,715−7.2%
198021,05712.5%
199021,2550.9%
200018,816−11.5%
201019,9896.2%
Est. 201619,780[2]−1.0%
U.S. Decennial Census[40]

Government

Plattsburgh City Hall

The government is headed by a mayor elected by a citywide vote and a council of six members, one elected from each ward. Colin Read (Democrat) is the current mayor of the city. He took office on January 1, 2017.[41]

Ward Councillor Party
1 Rachelle Armstrong Democrat
2 Mike Kelly Democrat
3 Dale Dowdle Republican
4 Peter Ensel Republican
5 Patrick McFarlin Independent
6 Joshua Kretser Democrat

Education

The city is home to SUNY Plattsburgh, a liberal arts college which is a part of the State University of New York system. The college has been a part of the city since its founding in 1889 as the Plattsburgh State Normal School.[42] Today, the college is host to about 5,500 undergraduates, 400 graduate students, and almost 400 faculty members.[43] Students at the K–12 level who attend public schools in the city are served by the Plattsburgh City School District.

Media

Newspapers

Plattsburgh has three commercial newspapers:

  • The Clinton County Free Trader Today has a circulation of slightly over 15,000. (It merged with the North Countryman in 2010.)[44]
  • The Plattsburgh Press Republican has a slightly more than 17,000 circulation.[45]
  • Plattsburgh Burgh has a reported circulation of 8,000.[46]

Television

Plattsburgh has two television stations, WCFE-TV, channel 57, a PBS member station and WPTZ, channel 5, an NBC affiliate. Plattsburgh is part of a media market shared with Burlington, Vermont, which includes WCAX-TV (CBS, channel 3), WVNY-TV (ABC, channel 22), WNNE (CW, channel 31) and WFFF-TV (Fox, channel 44). Residents are also in the range of Montreal, Quebec, and other Canadian television stations. Some of these Canadian stations, including CBFT-DT, CBMT-DT and CFCF-DT, are available on Charter Communications, the cable franchise serving Plattsburgh.

Transportation

The city is about a 60-minute drive from Canada's second most populous city of Montreal, which is also the largest city in Canada's second most populous province of Quebec. Many people commute across the Canada–U.S. border, and the City of Plattsburgh advertises itself as "Montreal's U.S. suburb". New York state is Quebec's largest trade partner, with about $6 billion in trade annually.[47] The proximity leads to Plattsburgh's prominence as a large trade center for a city its size.

Highway

  • Interstate 87 bypasses Plattsburgh to the west, connecting Montreal with Albany and points south. Three main exits serve the city of Plattsburgh, with a fourth serving the Cumberland Head district of the town.
  • U.S. Route 9 is a north-south highway crossing through the city on the east side.
  • New York State Route 3 is an east-west state highway that enters the city from the west as Cornelia Street, intersects Route 22 and then ends at Route 9.
  • New York State Route 22 is a north-south state highway that enters the city from the southwest and then turns north to run parallel to the west of Route 9. Part of Route 22 in downtown is a divided highway.
  • New York State Route 314 is a short east-west highway on the north town line with the town of Plattsburgh connecting Interstate 87 with the Grand Isle–Plattsburgh Ferry to Vermont.

Rail

Plattsburgh's Amtrak train station

Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides service to Plattsburgh, operating its Adirondack daily in both directions between Montreal and New York City.

Ferry

The closest American city larger than Plattsburgh is Burlington, Vermont, reachable via ferry or a bridge further north at Rouses Point. Ferry service is provided at Cumberland Head heading to Grand Isle by the Lake Champlain Transportation Company. There is also a seasonal ferry service offered by the same company in Port Kent, about 10 miles to the south. The latter ferry goes to Burlington.

Air

Plattsburgh International Airport uses the runway of the former Plattsburgh Air Force Base, which closed in 1995. The airport terminal was completed in February 2007 with the building being dedicated on April 27, 2007.

Allegiant Air uses Plattsburgh International, offering direct flights to Fort Lauderdale and Orlando aboard mainline McDonnell-Douglas MD-88 jetliners and seasonal service to Las Vegas using Boeing 757 airliners which are the largest commercial aircraft operating from the airport. Spirit Airlines offers flights to Myrtle Beach on Airbus A320 and A319 jetliners.

Plattsburgh flight demand is driven by increased traffic from Montreal, Quebec. At approximately 80 to 85% of total yearly demand, Plattsburgh's airport markets itself as Montreal's US Airport, given it is closer to Montreal's South Shore Residents than Montreal-Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport, even with a 10 (workdays/Canadian side) to 20-minute (weekend/Canadian side) average border wait time.[48][49][50]

Cargo flights are offered by FedEx Feeder which delivers goods to more major airports aboard Cessna Caravans to be shipped on long haul flights and UPS which does similar service using ATR-72 turboprop aircraft.

Bus

The city is serviced by the Clinton County Public Transportation, or CCPT for short. The county-wide bus service offers passengers city and county-wide bus routes, allowing passengers from surrounding communities to travel to and from Plattsburgh. These routes operate five days a week, with a citywide shopping shuttle offered on Saturdays. There is no bus service on Sundays or major holidays.

For those going longer distances, Greyhound and Adirondack Trailways offers multiple daily trips towards Montreal and Albany.

Economy

As of 2015, the Plattsburgh Region was named as the Number 2 Micro City of the Future, in both North and South America, in FDis yearly rankings. The FDi is a publication of the Financial Times of London and ranks cities across the world in various categories. Plattsburgh obtained 2nd Place for Economic Potential, 1st for Human Capital and Lifestyle, 3rd for Business Friendliness, 9th for Connectivity, and 1st for Foreign Direct Investment Strategy.[51]

The largest employers in Clinton County are C.V.P.H Medical Center, SUNY Plattsburgh, Clinton County Government, Wal-Mart and Sam's Club, Advocacy and Resource Center, City of Plattsburgh, and Swarovski Lighting.[52] SUNY Plattsburgh contributes approximately $300 million to the regional economy each fiscal year.[53]

Other large companies in the area include: Bombardier Transportation which builds railcars in a 219,000 sq ft (20,300 m2) plant;[54] Norsk Titanium, which opened its U.S. branch in Plattsburgh to make parts for the aerospace industry through the use of titanium rapid plasma deposition;[55][56] and Nova Bus and Prevost which manufactures busses for the American market.[57]

Books

Films

  • The crime film Frozen River (2008) was filmed in Plattsburgh and surrounding areas.
  • A scene from the Joe Cocker documentary Mad Dogs & Englishmen was filmed in and around his April 7, 1970, concert at SUNY Plattsburgh.

Music

Television

References

  1. 1 2 3 "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  2. 1 2 "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 9, 2017.
  3. ↑ "2010 Census Redistricting Data for Clinton County, NY", Retrieved 3/28/11 from http://www.factfinder.census.gov/ Archived May 21, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
  4. 1 2 Perkins, G.H. (1879). "Archaeology of the Champlain Valley". American Naturalist. 13 (12): 731–747. doi:10.1086/272452.
  5. ↑ "History". Lake Champlain Maritime Museum.
  6. ↑ User, Super. "History". www.rcdony.org. Retrieved September 30, 2017.
  7. ↑ Chokshi, Niraj (December 12, 2013). "Religion in America's states and counties, in 6 maps". WashingtonPost.com. Retrieved September 30, 2017.
  8. ↑ Allen, David (January 31, 2005). French Mapping of New York and New England 1604-1760.
  9. ↑ "Zephaniah Platt". Zephaniah Platt. Retrieved on March 2, 2005.
  10. ↑ "The Plattsburgh Sentinel, January 29, 1929". NYSHistoricNewspapers.org. Retrieved September 30, 2017.
  11. 1 2 3 4 City of Plattsburgh. "History". Retrieved December 13, 2016.
  12. ↑ "Bombardier United States - Sites and contacts". Bombardier.com. Retrieved September 30, 2017.
  13. ↑ "Nova Bus Plattsburgh Factory". NovaBus.com. Archived from the original on May 14, 2011. Retrieved September 30, 2017.
  14. 1 2 Sengupta, Somini (November 6, 1999). "By the Way, a Mayor-Elect Is Gay". The New York Times. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
  15. ↑ "Michael Anderson: STS-107 Crew Memorial". Retrieved 2016-12-13.
  16. ↑ Bergeron, Bryan (May 1, 2009). "Annable, 'off to a good start'". Cardinal Points. Archived from the original on May 25, 2009. Retrieved May 17, 2009.
  17. ↑ "Dave Annable accepts the Off to a Good Start Award from SUNY Plattsburgh" (video). YouTube. Retrieved 2009-05-16.
  18. ↑ Caudell, Robin (2012-03-01). "Movie legend has Plattsburgh roots". Retrieved 2016-12-13.
  19. ↑ Oller, John (2016-08-28). "Jean Arthur Update". Retrieved 2016-12-13.
  20. ↑ Campbell, Mary (Mar 23, 1987). "Tenor Rockwell Blake Is Bel Canto Specialist". Schenectady Gazette.
  21. ↑ "Jesse Boulerice". Retrieved 2016-12-13.
  22. ↑ "Jesse Boulerice #28". Retrieved 2016-12-13.
  23. ↑ "Thomas John Carlisle Papers". Stlawu.edu. St Lawrence University. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  24. ↑ State University of New York at Plattsburgh. "Tom Chapin to Perform Concert at Plattsburgh State Oct. 18". Retrieved 2016-12-13.
  25. ↑ Cummings, Robert. "John Henry Hopkins, Jr". Retrieved 2016-12-13.
  26. ↑ "About Plattsburgh". Retrieved 2016-12-13.
  27. ↑ Casey Ryan, Vock. "Hollywood actor, Plattsburgh native dies". Retrieved 2010-02-01.
  28. ↑ "Bryan O'Byrne". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 2010-02-01.
  29. ↑ "David A. Stafford Papers - USMC Military History Division". USMC Military History Division. Archived from the original on August 1, 2013. Retrieved April 8, 2018.
  30. ↑ Morrison, Patt (June 13, 2001). "Wachs, Tuttle Have Earned Their Gold Watches". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 7, 2016.
  31. ↑ Moe, Todd (2006-06-16). "Plattsburgh Native Wins Tony for Jersey Boys". Retrieved 2016-12-13.
  32. ↑ Millard, James P. "The Battle of Plattsburg, September 11, 1814: Links, documents and resources". Retrieved December 13, 2016.
  33. ↑ Millard, James P. "The Battle of Plattsburgh September 11, 1814". Retrieved December 13, 2016.
  34. ↑ Stahl, John Meloy. "The battle of Plattsburg; a study in and of the war of 1812". Retrieved December 13, 2016.
  35. ↑ "Postal History". USPS.com. May 9, 2009. Archived from the original on May 9, 2009.
  36. ↑ archives.gov Archived January 25, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
  37. ↑ "Files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". US Gazetteer. United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  38. ↑ "Climate Plattsburgh: Temperature, Climograph, Climate table for Plattsburgh - Climate-Data.org". en.climate-data.org. Retrieved 2018-01-13.
  39. ↑ "Plattsburgh, NY (12901) Monthly Weather". The Weather Channel. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  40. ↑ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  41. ↑
  42. ↑ "Plattsburgh Sentinel, June 21, 1889". NYSHistoricNewspapers.org. Retrieved September 30, 2017.
  43. ↑ "U.S. News and World Report". RankingsAndReviews.com. Retrieved September 30, 2017.
  44. ↑ "Clinton County Free Trader Today - newspaper in Plattsburgh, New York USA with local news and community events". www.MondoTimes.com. Retrieved September 30, 2017.
  45. ↑ "Plattsburgh Press Republican - daily newspaper in Plattsburgh, New York USA with local news and events". www.MondoTimes.com. Retrieved September 30, 2017.
  46. ↑ "Plattsburgh Burgh - newspaper in Plattsburgh, New York USA with local news and community events". www.MondoTimes.com. Retrieved September 30, 2017.
  47. ↑ Harris, Sarah (2013-06-21). "Is Plattsburgh Montreal's U.S. suburb?". North Country Public Radio. Retrieved July 20, 2013.
  48. ↑ Agency, Government of Canada, Canada Border Services. "Border Wait Times". www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca. Retrieved September 30, 2017.
  49. ↑ "[#Miss Curieuse] : Plattsburgh vs Burlington vs Montréal - Profession Voyages". www.ProfessionVoyages.com. Retrieved September 30, 2017.
  50. ↑ "Airports on the Border Make Room for Canadian Fliers". The New York Times. July 16, 2013. Retrieved September 30, 2017.
  51. ↑ Douglass, Gary. "Chamber President". NCCC News. NCCC. Retrieved 28 July 2018.
  52. ↑ Douglass, Gary. "List of Largest Employers in Clinton County". www.NorthCountryChamber.com. NCCC. Retrieved 28 July 2018.
  53. ↑ "Economic Impact of SUNY Plattsburgh Tops $307 Million". State University of New York (SUNY) College at Plattsburgh. Retrieved 2018-07-25.
  54. ↑ "Bombardier site fact sheet" (PDF). www.bombardier.com.
  55. ↑ "Norsk Titanium's Plattsburgh Facility Will Be the World's First Industrial-Scale Aerospace Additive Manufacturing Facility - 3DPrint.com - The Voice of 3D Printing / Additive Manufacturing". 3DPrint.com. Retrieved September 30, 2017.
  56. ↑ Strzepa, Liz (11 July 2016). "Plattsburgh's Norsk Titanium facility to be world's first aerospace additive manufacturing plant". WPTZ.com. Retrieved September 30, 2017.
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