Mount Ontake

Mount Ontake Japan
御嶽山
Viewed from Kuzo Pass of Route 361
Highest point
Elevation 3,067 m (10,062 ft) [1]
Prominence 1,712 m (5,617 ft) [2]
Listing Ultra
100 famous mountains in Japan
Coordinates 35°53′34″N 137°28′49″E / 35.89278°N 137.48028°E / 35.89278; 137.48028Coordinates: 35°53′34″N 137°28′49″E / 35.89278°N 137.48028°E / 35.89278; 137.48028 [1]
Geography
Mount Ontake Japan
Japan
Location Gifu and Nagano, Chūbu region, Japan
Topo map Geographical Survey Institute, 25000:1 御嶽山, 50000:1 御嶽山
Geology
Mountain type Stratovolcano
Last eruption September 2014

Mount Ontake (御嶽山, Ontake-san), also referred to as Mount Kiso Ontake (木曽御嶽山, Kiso Ontake-san), is the 14th highest mountain and second highest volcano in Japan (after Mount Fuji) at 3,067 m (10,062 ft).[3]

Description

Mt. Ontake is located around 100 km (62 mi) northeast of Nagoya, and around 200 km (125 mi) west of Tokyo, at the borders of Kiso and Ōtaki, Nagano Prefecture, and Gero, Gifu Prefecture.

Relief Map of Ontake volcano.

The volcano has five crater lakes, with Ni no Ike (二ノ池) at 2,905 m (9,531 ft) being the highest mountain lake in Japan.

Ontake is a major sacred mountain, and following older shamanistic practices, actors and artists have gone to the mountain to put themselves into trances in order to get divine inspiration for their creative activities.[4]

Eruptions

Mount Ontake seen from Kurakake Pass on October 11, 2014.

Ontake was thought to be inactive until October 1979, when it underwent a series of explosive phreatic eruptions which ejected 200,000 tons of ash, and had a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 2.[5]

There were minor non-explosive (VEI 0) phreatic eruptions in 1991 and 2007.[5]

On Saturday, September 27, 2014, at around 11:53 a.m. Japan Standard Time (UTC +9),[6] the volcano erupted with a VEI of 3.[7][8] There were no significant earthquakes that might have warned authorities in the lead up to the phreatic eruption—caused by ground water flashing to steam in a hydrothermal explosion.[9] The Mount Ontake volcano eruption was an extremely rare phenomenon which made it difficult to take precautionary measures.[10][11] Sixty-three people were killed; five bodies remain un-recovered. The Japan Self-Defense Forces began carrying out helicopter searches for missing people after the eruption.[12]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Mountains altitude list in Japan(Gifu prefecture)" (in Japanese). Geospatial Information Authority of Japan. Retrieved December 18, 2010.
  2. ↑ "Japan Ultra-Prominences". Peaklist.org. Retrieved March 20, 2013.
  3. ↑ "On-take". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution.
  4. ↑ Bernbaum, Edwin (1997). Sacred Mountains of the World. Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  5. 1 2 御嶽山　有史以降の火山活動 (in Japanese). Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved 2014-09-29.
  6. ↑ "御嶽山が噴火 火口から４キロ程度は警戒を". NHK. September 27, 2014. Archived from the original on September 27, 2014. Retrieved September 27, 2014.
  7. ↑ "御嶽山噴火、７人が灰に埋まる　山に残留４４人　警察庁". Asahi Shimbun. Retrieved September 27, 2014.
  8. ↑ "3 buried under volcanic ash". NHK. Archived from the original on September 29, 2014. Retrieved September 27, 2014.
  9. ↑ "Experts warn of further eruptions". NHK. September 28, 2014. Archived from the original on October 2, 2014.
  10. ↑ "Why Japan missed volcano's warning signs". Nature: International Weekly Journal of Science. 29 September 2014.
  11. ↑ "Japan volcano Ontake an extremely rare eruption". Australian Geographic. 29 September 2014.
  12. ↑ "Japanese troops head for volcano after eruption to search for missing climbers". Chatham Daily News. Ontario. 27 September 2014. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
  • Ontakesan - Japan Meteorological Agency (in Japanese)
  • "Ontakesan: National catalogue of the active volcanoes in Japan" (PDF). - Japan Meteorological Agency
  • Ontakesan - Smithsonian Institution: Global Volcanism Program


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