Metropolitan areas of Mexico

The metropolitan areas of Mexico have been traditionally defined as the group of municipalities that heavily interact with each other, usually around a core city.[1]

Methodology

In 2004, a joint effort between CONAPO, INEGI and the Ministry of Social Development (SEDESOL) agreed to define metropolitan areas to be any of the following:[1]

  • a group of two or more municipalities in which a city with a population of at least 50,000 is located in an urban area that extends over the limit of the municipality that originally contained the core city incorporating, physically or under its area of direct influence other adjacent predominantly urban municipalities, all of which either have a high degree of social and economic integration or are relevant for urban politics and administration
  • a single municipality in which a city of a population of at least one million is located and fully contained (that is, it does not transcend the limits of a single municipality)
  • a city with a population of at least 250,000 that forms a conurbation with other cities in the United States.

Northwestern and southeastern states are divided into a small number of large municipalities, but central states are divided into a large number of smaller municipalities. As such, metropolitan areas in the northwestern states usually do not extend over more than one municipality, and figures usually report population for the entire municipality. However, metropolitan areas in the central states extend over many municipalities.

A few metropolitan areas extend beyond the limits of one state: Greater Mexico City (Federal District, Mexico and Hidalgo), Puebla-Tlaxcala (Puebla and Tlaxcala but excluding the city of Tlaxcala), Comarca Lagunera (Coahuila and Durango), and Tampico (Tamaulipas and Veracruz).

List of metropolitan areas in Mexico by population

1 - Mexico City
2 - Guadalajara, Jalisco.
3 - Monterrey, Nuevo León.
4 - Puebla, Puebla.
5 - Toluca, State of Mexico.
6 - Tijuana, Baja California.
7 - León, Guanajuato.
8 - Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua.
9 - Torreón, Coahuila.

There are 60 metropolitans areas,[2] as defined by the following government bodies:

Rank Metropolitan Area Federative Entity 2015 Pop. 2010 Pop. Change
1 Greater Mexico City DF, Mexico, Hidalgo 21,339,781 20,501,764 +4.09%
2 Greater Guadalajara Jalisco 4,796,603 4,434,878 +8.16%
3 Greater Monterrey Nuevo León 4,475,949 4,106,054 +9.01%
4 Greater Puebla Puebla, Tlaxcala 2,941,988 2,728,790 +7.81%
5 Greater Toluca Mexico 2,116,506 1,936,126 +9.32%
6 Greater Tijuana Baja California 1,840,710 1,751,302 +5.11%
7 Greater León Guanajuato 1,768,193 1,609,717 +9.84%
8 Greater Juárez Chihuahua 1,391,180 1,332,131 +4.43%
9 Greater Torreón Coahuila, Durango 1,283,835 1,215,817 +5.59%
10 Greater Querétaro Querétaro 1,255,185 1,097,025 +14.42%
11 Greater San Luis Potosí San Luis Potosí 1,133,571 1,040,822 +8.91%
12 Greater Mérida Yucatán 1,058,764 973,046 +8.81%
13 Greater Aguascalientes Aguascalientes 1,044,049 932,298 +11.99%
14 Greater Mexicali Baja California 988,417 936,145 +5.58%
15 Greater Cuernavaca Morelos 983,365 924,964 +6.31%
16 Greater Saltillo Coahuila 923,636 823,128 +12.21%
17 Greater Chihuahua Chihuahua 918,339 852,533 +7.72%
18 Greater Tampico Tamaulipas, Veracruz 916,854 859,419 +6.68%
19 Greater Morelia Michoacán 911,960 829,625 +9.92%
20 Greater Veracruz Veracruz 891,805 811,671 +9.87%
21 Greater Acapulco Guerrero 886,975 863,431 +2.73%
22 Greater Villahermosa Tabasco 823,213 755,425 +8.97%
23 Reynosa–Greater Río Bravo Tamaulipas 773,089 727,150 +6.32%
24 Greater Cancún Quintana Roo 763,121 677,379 +12.66%
25 Greater Tuxtla Chiapas 751,183 684,156 +9.80%
26 Greater Xalapa Veracruz 719,591 666,535 +7.96%
27 Greater Oaxaca Oaxaca 659,234 607,963 +8.43%
28 Greater Celaya Guanajuato 635,706 602,045 +5.59%
29 Greater Pachuca Hidalgo 557,093 512,196 +8.77%
30 Tlaxcala–Apizaco Tlaxcala 540,273 499,567 +8.15%
31 Greater Poza Rica Veracruz 538,206 513,518 +4.81%
33 Greater Matamoros Tamaulipas 520,367 489,193 +6.37%
34 Greater Cuautla Morelos 475,441 434,147 +9.51%
35 Greater Tepic Nayarit 471,026 429,351 +9.71%
36 Greater Orizaba Veracruz 454,238 427,406 +6.28%
37 Greater Puerto Vallarta Jalisco, Nayarit 425,890 379,886 +12.11%
38 Greater Nuevo Laredo Tamaulipas 399,431 384,033 +4.01%
39 Greater Minatitlán Veracruz 372,381 356,137 +4.56%
40 Greater Coatzacoalcos Veracruz 365,026 347,257 +5.12%
41 Colima–Villa de Álvarez Colima 359,392 334,240 +7.53%
42 Greater Córdoba Veracruz 347,647 316,032 +10.00%
43 Zacatecas–Guadalupe Zacatecas 346,419 309,660 +11.87%
44 Greater Tehuacán Puebla 344,603 296,899 +16.07%
45 Monclova–Frontera Coahuila 340,166 317,313 +7.20%
46 Zamora–Jacona Michoacán 265,952 250,113 +6.33%
47 Greater Tulancingo Hidalgo 256,662 239,579 +7.13%
48 La Piedad–Pénjamo Michoacán, Guanajuato 254,272 249,512 +1.91%
49 Greater Tula Hidalgo 225,219 205,812 +9.43%
50 Greater Guaymas Sonora 214,223 203,430 +5.31%
51 Greater San Francisco del Rincón Guanajuato 199,308 182,365 +9.29%
52 Greater Piedras Negras Coahuila 194,293 180,734 +7.50%
53 Greater Tehuantepec Oaxaca 172,256 161,337 +6.77%
54 Greater Tianguistenco Mexico 170,461 157,944 +7.92%
55 Greater Tecomán Colima 152,790 141,421 +8.04%
56 Greater Ocotlán Jalisco 151,405 141,375 +7.09%
57 Greater Rioverde San Luis Potosí 139,576 135,452 +3.04%
58 Greater Teziutlán Puebla 131,786 122,500 +7.58%
59 Greater Acayucan Veracruz 120,340 112,996 +6.50%
60 Moroleón–Uriangato Guanajuato 113,138 108,669 +4.11%

Transnational conurbations

The Mexico–U.S. border separates densely populated Tijuana, Mexico (right), from San Diego, United States (left). The border shared between Mexico and the United States is the most frequently crossed international border in the world, with 250 million legal crossings every year.[3][4]
A 3D rendered image of the Nuevo Laredo - Laredo Metropolitan Area, a binational urban agglomeration divided by the Rio Grande.

The United States shares a 2,000 mi (3,000 km) border with Mexico. It is the most frequently crossed international border in the world, with about 250 million legal crossings every year.[3] The distribution of the population in Mexico, especially, in urban areas, has been changed significantly by the economic interaction between settlements in its north and the United States. The increasing population concentration in the north of Mexico is strongly associated with the development of the maquila industries there and the eventual economic effects of North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).[5]

Metropolitan areas at the border with the US form transnational conurbations with deep economic and demographic interaction. For example, the San Diego – Tijuana metropolitan area consists of San Diego County in the US and the municipalities of Tijuana, Playas de Rosarito, and Tecate in Mexico. The total population of the region has been estimated to be just over 5 million in 2009, making it by far the largest binational metropolitan area shared between the US and Mexico.[6] The National Population Council (CONAPO) recognizes the existence of such metropolitan areas and defines them as the municipalities with a city of at least 200,000 inhabitants and sharing processes of conurbation with cities of the US:[1]

Rank Metropolitan Area Mexican State American State Population
1 Tijuana - San Diego Baja California California 5,009,170[6]
2 El Paso - Juarez Chihuahua Texas 2,345,182[6]
3 Reynosa - McAllen Tamaulipas Texas 1,500,000[6]
4 Matamoros - Brownsville Tamaulipas Texas 1,136,995[6]
5 Mexicali - Calexico Baja California California 956,223[6]
6 Nuevo Laredo - Laredo Tamaulipas Texas 747,494[6]
7 Nogales - Nogales Sonora Arizona 234,809[nb 1]
8 Piedras Negras - Eagle Pass Coahuila Texas 230,205[nb 2]
9 San Luis Río Colorado - San Luis Sonora Arizona 188,152[nb 3]
10 Ciudad Acuña - Del Río Coahuila Texas 183,750[nb 4]

Mexico City megalopolis

The Central Mexico Megalopolis.

A megalopolis is defined as a long chain of continuous metropolitan areas, or territories that are relatively integrated amongst each other, a clear example being the Northeast Megalopolis in the United States. In 1996, the Programa General de Desarollo Urbano del Distrito Federal first proposed this concept to refer to the Mexico City megalopolis, or "megalopolis of central Mexico", which was later expanded by PROAIRE, a metropolitan commission on the environment.[7]

A megalopolis is known in Spanish as a corona regional de ciudades ("regional ring of cities"). The megalopolis of central Mexico was defined to be integrated by the metropolitan areas of Mexico City, Puebla, Cuernavaca, Toluca and Pachuca, which may also conform complex subregional rings themselves (Greater Puebla has a regional ring with Atlixco, San Martín Texmelucan, Tlaxcala, and Apizaco).

The megalopolis has 173 municipalities (91 in the State of Mexico, 29 in the State of Puebla, 37 in the State of Tlaxcala, 16 in the State of Morelos, and 16 in the State of Hidalgo) as well as the 16 boroughs of the Federal District,[7] with a total population of almost 27 million people.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Sum of legal residents of Nogales, Sonora (213,976) and Nogales, Arizona (20,833).
  2. ↑ Sum of legal residents of Eagle Pass Metropolitan Area's population (48,401) and Piedras Negras, Coahuila (154,360).
  3. ↑ Sum of legal residents of San Luis Río Colorado, Sonora (164,342) and San Luis, Arizona (23,810).
  4. ↑ Sum of legal residents of Ciudad Acuña, Coahuila (135,605) and Del Rio, Texas (46,682).

References

  1. 1 2 3 s/espanol/metodologias/otras/zonas_met.pdf "CONAPO Áreas Metropolitanas" (PDF). www.inegi.gob.mx.
  2. ↑ "Mexico: Metropolitan Areas"
  3. 1 2 David M. Bridgeland, Ron Zahavi. Business Modeling: A Practical Guide to Realizing Business Value. Morgan Kaufmann, 2008. p. 134. ISBN 0-12-374151-3.
  4. ↑ "Borders and Law Enforcement". U.S. Embassy Mexico. Archived from the original on 3 September 2009. Retrieved 8 December 2009.
  5. ↑ Michael Pacione. Urban geography: a global perspective. Routledge, 2005. p. 105. ISBN 0-415-34305-4.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Metropolitan areas in the Americas". World Gazetteer. Archived from the original on 2007-10-01. Retrieved 8 December 2009.
  7. 1 2 Área metropolitana del Valle de México PROAIRE
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