Elections in Mexico
This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Mexico |
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Elections in Mexico determine who, on the national level, takes the position of the head of state – the president – as well as the legislature.
The President of Mexico is elected for a six-year term by the people. The candidate who wins a plurality of votes is elected president.
Since no President can serve more than a single term in office, every presidential election in Mexico is a non-incumbent election.
The Congress of the Union (Congreso de la Unión) has two chambers. The Chamber of Deputies (Cámara de Diputados) has 500 members, elected for a three-year term, 300 of whom are elected in single-seat constituencies by plurality, with the remaining 200 members elected by proportional representation in 5 multi-state, 40-seat constituencies.[1] The 200 PR-seats are distributed generally without taking account the 300 plurality-seats (Parallel voting), but since 1996 a party cannot get more seats overall than 8% above its result for the PR-seats (a party must win 42% of the votes for the PR-seats to achieve an overall majority). There are two exceptions on this rule: first, a party can only lose PR-seats due to this rule (and no plurality-seats); second, a party can never get more than 300 seats overall (even if it has more than 52% of the votes for the PR-seats).
The Chamber of Senators (Cámara de Senadores) has 128 members, elected for a six-year term, 96 of them in three-seat constituencies (corresponding to the nation's 31 states and one Federal District) and 32 by proportional representation on a nationwide basis.[1] In the state constituencies, two seats are awarded to the plurality winner and one to the first runner-up.
At the local level, each of Mexico's 31 constituent states elects a governor to serve a six-year term; they also elect legislative deputies who sit in state congresses, and municipal presidents (presidentes municipales, or mayors). The Federal District (Mexico City) elects a Head of Government in lieu of a mayor, district assemblymen in lieu of state congressional deputies, and borough heads in lieu of municipal presidents.
Mexico has a multi-party system, with three dominant political parties, prior to 2000 Mexico had a Dominant-party system dominated by the Institutional Revolutionary Party, and a number of smaller ones. Alliances and coalitions are common; normally, they are local (state) affairs and involve one of the big three and any number of minor parties; on extraordinary occasions, two of the big three will ally themselves against the third (see, for example, 2003 Colima state election or 2004 Chihuahua state election).[2]
Additionally Article 2 of the Mexican constitution provides for the self-government of indigenous communities according to their 'traditional customs' (Spanish: sistema de usos y costumbres)[3]. This has resulted in several indigenous communities of Mexico maintaining local systems, notably those of Cherán, and areas under Councils of Good Government control.
Schedule
Election
Position | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type | Presidential (July) National Congress (June) | None | Gubernatorial (October) National Congress (July) | None | ||
President and vice president |
President and vice president | None | ||||
National Congress | All seats | None | All seats | None | ||
Provinces, cities and municipalities | None | All positions | None |
Inauguration
Position | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type | Presidential (December) National Congress (December) | None | Gubernatorial (December) National Congress (December) | None | ||
President and vice president |
1 December | None | ||||
National Congress | 1 December | None | 1 December | None | ||
Provinces, cities and municipalities | None | 1 December | None |
Federal elections
Latest elections
2018 General election
Past elections
State elections
See also
References
- 1 2 "Eleccion Mexico". eleccion2012mexico.com. 2012.
- ↑ "Eleccion Mexico". eleccion2012mexico.com. 2012.
- ↑ "Justia México :: Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos > TÍTULO PRIMERO > CAPÍTULO I :: Ley de Mexico". mexico.justia.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-07-09.
External links
- Election 2012 Mexico official website.
- IFE website
- Mexico page of the ACE Project
- Adam Carr's Election Archive
- Electionworld