List of Nobel laureates by university affiliation

This list of Nobel laureates by university affiliation shows comprehensively the university affiliations of individual winners of the Nobel Prize and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences since 1901 (as of 2018, 904 individual laureates in total).[1] This list considers Nobel laureates as equal individuals and does not consider their various prize shares or if they received the prize more than once.[2] It does not include Nobel-winning organizations (as of 2018, 24 such organizations) or any individuals affiliated with those organizations. In this list, universities are presented in descending order starting from those affiliated with most Nobel prize winners.

The university affiliations in this list are all official academic affiliations such as degree programs and official academic employment, including academic positions at research organizations formally affiliated with or operated by a university. Non-academic affiliations such as advisory committee and administrative staff are generally excluded. The official academic affiliations fall into three categories: 1) Alumni (graduate & attendee), 2) Long-term academic staff, and 3) Short-term academic staff. Graduates are defined as those who hold Bachelor's, Master's, Doctorate or equivalent degrees from a university, while attendees are those who formally enrolled in degree programs at a university but did not complete the programs; thus, honorary degrees, posthumous degrees, summer attendees, exchange students and auditing students are excluded. The category of "Long-term academic staff" consists of tenure/tenure-track and equivalent academic positions, while that of "Short-term academic staff" consists of lecturers (without tenure), postdoctoral researchers, visiting professors/scholars (visitors), and equivalent academic positions. At any university, the specific academic title solely determines the type of affiliation, regardless of the actual time the position was held by a laureate.

Further explanations on "visitors" under "Short-term academic staff" are now presented. 1) All informal/personal visits are excluded from the list; 2) all employment-based visiting positions, which carry teaching/research duties, are included as affiliations in the list; 3) as for award/honor-based visiting positions, this list takes a conservative view and includes the positions as affiliations only if the laureates were required to assume employment-level duty (teaching/research) or the laureates specifically classified the visiting positions as "appointment" or similar in reliable sources such as their curriculum vitae. To be specific, some award/honor-based visiting positions such as the "Morris Loeb Short-term Lectureship" at Harvard University and Guggenheim Fellowship are awards/honors/recognition without employment-level duty;[3][4] attending meetings and giving public lectures, talks or non-curricular seminars are not employment-level duties. On the other hand, positive award/honor-based examples include "Morris Loeb Long-term Lectureship" at Harvard University (teaching duty), "Visiting Miller Professorship" at UC Berkeley (research duty) and Fulbright Scholarship.[4][5][6] Finally, summer visitors are generally excluded from the list unless summer work yielded significant end products such as research publications and components of Nobel-winning work, since summer terms are not part of formal academic years; the same rule applies to extension schools of universities.

In this list, the number following a person's name is the year he/she received the prize; in particular, a number with asterisk (*) means the person received the award while he/she was working at the institution (including emeritus staff) containing that asterisk. A name underlined implies that this person has been listed for a same institution previously (i.e., multiple affiliations). If a person had multiple positions under one category, only the position with highest rank is listed.

Different universities adopt different criteria—from generous to conservative—for claiming Nobel affiliates, which may not encompass all types of affiliations in this list.[7] The University Counts (Univ Counts), which are published by the universities themselves, are thus shown as comparison below. Finally, this list, together with the List of Fields Medal winners by university affiliation and the List of Turing Award laureates by university affiliation, presents the university affiliation of people who have won highest honors in fundamental academic disciplines.

Abbreviation: UG (Undergraduate), Grad (Graduate), Med (Medical), Atten (Attendee), Prof (Professor), Assoc (Associate), Asst (Assistant), Adj (Adjunct), PSD (Postdoc), Lect (Lecturer), Inst (Instructor), Res (Research/Researcher), Sci (Scientist), Fel (Fellow), Sch (Scholar), Vis (Visit/Visitor).

Summary of results

Top 30 universities worldwide since 1901

According to Wikipedia policies on no original research and objectivity/neutrality, it is impossible in Wikipedia to assign various weights to different types of affiliations and to different subjects. Hence, all types of affiliations in all relevant subjects count equally in the following tables and throughout the whole page.

By subject

Rank University Total Normalized[Note 1] PHY CHE P/M ECO LI PE
1 Harvard University United States 158 100.0 34 37 41 30 8 8
2 University of Cambridge United Kingdom 118 74.7 34 31 30 15 5 3
3 University of California, Berkeley United States 107 67.7 33 30 17 24 3 1[Note 2]
4 University of Chicago United States 98 62.0 32 18 11 32 3 2
5 Columbia University United States 96 60.8 33 15 22 15 5 6
6 Massachusetts Institute of Technology United States 93 58.9 35 15 12 30 0 1
7 Stanford University United States 83 52.5 26 13 16 26 2 1[Note 2]
8 California Institute of Technology United States 73 46.2 29 17 21 6 0 1[Note 2]
9 University of Oxford United Kingdom 69 43.7 14 17 18 10 5 6[Note 2]
10 Princeton University United States 65 41.1 27 9 4 19 5 1
11 Yale University United States 61 38.6 8 10 14 22 4 3
12 Cornell University United States 58 36.7 21 12 14 5 4 2
13 Humboldt University of Berlin Germany 55 34.8 14 21 12 1 4 3
14 University of Paris[Note 3] France 50 31.6 15 9[Note 4] 10 4 6 7
15 University of Göttingen Germany 45 28.5 19 16 8 0 1 1
16 University of Munich Germany 42 26.6 13 19 9 0 1 1[Note 2]
17 University of Copenhagen Denmark 39 24.7 19 7 8 3 2 1[Note 2]
18 Johns Hopkins University United States 37 23.4 4 8 16 5 1 3
New York University United States 37 23.4 3 4 12 14 2 2
20 Rockefeller University United States 36 22.8 1 10 25 0 0 0
21 University of Pennsylvania United States 35 22.2 4 10 10 11 0 0
22 University College London United Kingdom 33 20.9 4 7 19 2 1 0
23 ETH Zurich Switzerland 32 20.3 11 17 4 0 0 0
24 University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign United States 30 19.0 11 5 11 3 0 0
25 University of Minnesota United States 29 18.4 7 4 4 12 2 0
26 University of California, San Diego United States 27 17.1 5 9 10 3 0 1[Note 2]
University of Heidelberg Germany 27 17.1 11 8 5 0 1 2
28 University of Manchester United Kingdom 25 15.8 11 9 2 3 0 0
University of Michigan United States 25 15.8 9 3 6 5 2 0
University of Wisconsin–Madison United States 25 15.8 5 7 10 2 1 0

By affiliation type

Rank University Total Normalized Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff Overlap[Note 5]
1 Harvard University 158 100.0 76 53 75 -46
2 University of Cambridge 118 74.7 69 44 54 -49
3 University of California, Berkeley 107 67.7 34 40 51 -18
4 University of Chicago 98 62.0 33 46 39 -20
5 Columbia University 96 60.8 43 33 38 -18
6 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 93 58.9 38 33 38 -16
7 Stanford University 83 52.5 13 46 35 -11
8 California Institute of Technology 73 46.2 22 21 40 -10
9 University of Oxford 69 43.7 29 16 35 -11
10 Princeton University 65 41.1 19 25 29 -8
11 Yale University 61 38.6 21 28 23 -11
12 Cornell University 58 36.7 18 19 25 -4
13 Humboldt University of Berlin 55 34.8 32 20 11 -8
14 University of Paris 50 31.6 41 21 7 -19
15 University of Göttingen 45 28.5 21 12 17 -5
16 University of Munich 42 26.6 28 12 10 -8
17 University of Copenhagen 39 24.7 12 8 26 -7
18 Johns Hopkins University 37 23.4 16 14 14 -7
New York University 37 23.4 10 13 16 -2
20 Rockefeller University 36 22.8 3 26 13 -6
21 University of Pennsylvania 35 22.2 7 14 15 -1
22 University College London 33 20.9 9 12 14 -2
23 ETH Zurich 32 20.3 12 9 14 -3
24 University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign 30 19.0 11 10 14 -5
25 University of Minnesota 29 18.4 10 13 6 0
26 University of California, San Diego 27 17.1 3 16 8 0
University of Heidelberg 27 17.1 15 10 6 -4
28 University of Manchester 25 15.8 9 13 5 -2
University of Michigan 25 15.8 8 6 13 -2
University of Wisconsin–Madison 25 15.8 13 7 7 -2

Top 20 universities worldwide since 2000

According to Wikipedia policies on no original research and objectivity/neutrality, it is impossible in Wikipedia to assign various weights to different types of affiliations and to different subjects. Hence, all types of affiliations in all relevant subjects count equally in the following tables and throughout the whole page.

By subject

Rank University Total Normalized[Note 1] PHY CHE P/M ECO LI PE
1 Harvard University United States 60 100.0 12 15 8 18 2 5
2 Massachusetts Institute of Technology United States 38 63.3 8 4 5 20 0 1
3 Stanford University United States 36 60.0 4 7 8 16 1 0
University of California, Berkeley United States 36 60.0 7 11 6 12 0 0
5 University of Cambridge United Kingdom 30 50.0 3 10 9 6 1 1
Yale University United States 30 50.0 4 7 3 15 0 1
7 Princeton University United States 29 48.3 9 4 1 14 1 0
8 California Institute of Technology United States 26 43.3 7 9 5 5 0 0
9 University of Chicago United States 23 38.3 7 2 1 11 1 1
10 Columbia University United States 20 33.3 2 5 4 4 1 4
11 University of Pennsylvania United States 16 26.7 2 5 2 7 0 0
12 Cornell University United States 15 25.0 6 3 3 3 0 0
University of Oxford United Kingdom 15 25.0 4 2 4 3 1 1
14 New York University United States 14 23.3 0 2 2 9 0 1
15 Kyoto University Japan 12 20.0 5 3 3 1 0 0
16 Hebrew University Israel 11 18.3 1 4 0 6 0 0
Johns Hopkins University United States 11 18.3 2 4 4 0 1 0
Northwestern University United States 11 18.3 0 3 0 8 0 0
University of Minnesota United States 11 18.3 0 1 0 9 1 0
University of Paris France 11 18.3 4 2 2 2 0 1

By affiliation type

Rank University Total Normalized Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff Overlap
1 Harvard University 60 100.0 32 13 30 -15
2 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 38 63.3 21 14 12 -9
3 Stanford University 36 60.0 9 16 18 -7
University of California, Berkeley 36 60.0 13 15 14 -6
5 University of Cambridge 30 50.0 15 7 18 -10
Yale University 30 50.0 9 17 11 -7
7 Princeton University 29 48.3 7 10 15 -3
8 California Institute of Technology 26 43.3 7 5 16 -2
9 University of Chicago 23 38.3 6 12 10 -5
10 Columbia University 20 33.3 6 10 7 -3
11 University of Pennsylvania 16 26.7 2 9 6 -1
12 Cornell University 15 25.0 6 3 7 -1
University of Oxford 15 25.0 8 2 8 -3
14 New York University 14 23.3 3 5 7 -1
15 Kyoto University 12 20.0 4 3 7 -2
16 Hebrew University 11 18.3 5 2 6 -2
Johns Hopkins University 11 18.3 4 5 3 -1
Northwestern University 11 18.3 0 4 7 0
University of Minnesota 11 18.3 4 5 2 0
University of Paris 11 18.3 8 3 2 -2

Top 5 universities by region

According to Wikipedia policies on no original research and objectivity/neutrality, it is impossible in Wikipedia to assign various weights to different types of affiliations and to different subjects. Hence, all types of affiliations in all relevant subjects count equally in the following tables and throughout the whole page.

Since 1901

Rank Africa Asia Australia
University Total University Total University Total
1 University of Cape Town South Africa 5 Kyoto University Japan 18 Australian National University Australia 8
2 University of the Witwatersrand South Africa 4 University of Tokyo Japan 16 University of Melbourne Australia 7
3 Cairo University Egypt 3 Hebrew University Israel 15 University of Adelaide Australia 5
4 Many (not displayed) 1 Nagoya University

Weizmann Institute of Science

 Japan

Israel

 6 University of Sydney Australia 4
5 - - - University of Canterbury New Zealand 3
Rank Europe Latin America North America
University Total University Total University Total
1 University of Cambridge United Kingdom 118 University of Buenos Aires Argentina 5 Harvard University United States 158
2 University of Oxford United Kingdom 69 National Autonomous University of Mexico Mexico 3 University of California, Berkeley United States 107
3 Humboldt University of Berlin Germany 55 University of Chile Chile 2 University of Chicago United States 98
4 University of Paris France 50 Many (not displayed) 1 Columbia University United States 96
5 University of Göttingen Germany 45 Massachusetts Institute of Technology United States 93

Since 2000

Rank Africa Asia Australia
University Total University Total University Total
1 Many (not displayed) 1 Kyoto University 12 Australian National University 3
2 Hebrew University 11 University of Adelaide

University of Canterbury

University of Melbourne

University of Western Australia

 2
3 University of Tokyo 9
4 Nagoya University 6
5 Chinese University of Hong Kong

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

Technion-Israel Institute of Technology

Weizmann Institute of Science

 4
Rank Europe Latin America North America
University Total University Total University Total
1 University of Cambridge 30 National University of San Marcos 1 Harvard University 60
2 University of Oxford 15 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 38
3 University of Paris 11 Stanford University

University of California, Berkeley

 36
4 University College London 10 - -
5 University of Edinburgh 9 Yale University 29

Harvard University (1st)

Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
Harvard University, United States
Total: 158 (Univ Count: 49)[8]

Notes: 1) Affiliates of Radcliffe College ("Harvard Annex", 1879–1999) are not included in this list.[9]

2) Affiliates of Massachusetts General Hospital and Boston Children's Hospital are included in this list.[10][11]

3) "Morris Loeb Short-term Lectureship" (M.L.S Lecturer), "Lee Historical Lectureship" and "Charles Eliot Norton Professorship" are award/honor-based visiting positions without employment-level duty. On the other hand, "Morris Loeb Long-term Lectureship" (M.L.L Lecturer) usually requires teaching duty.[12][13][14]

4) Eric Cornell was a Teaching Fellow at Harvard Extension School in 1989.[15] He is excluded from the list. Also being excluded are Albert Szent-Györgyi who was visiting Harvard to deliver three public lectures in 1935,[16][17] and Shimon Peres who attended a 4-month Advanced Management Program (non-degree) at Harvard Business School.[18]

5) Harvard's University Count is not exhaustive and only presents a selection of Nobel laureates. It also includes Henry Cadbury who represented the American Friends Service Committee to receive the 1947 Nobel Peace Prize, and International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War which won 1985 Nobel Peace Prize. They are both excluded from the list.

6) The following laureates have unclear visiting positions at Harvard and are not included for now: Gerald Edelman.[19]

Physics
  1. David Wineland[20] (PhD) - 2012
  2. Adam Riess[21] (PhD) - 2011
  3. Brian Schmidt[22] (PhD) - 2011
  4. Saul Perlmutter[23] (B.A) - 2011
  5. Roy Glauber[24] (B.A, PhD) - 2005
  6. David Politzer[25] (PhD) - 2004
  7. David M. Lee[26] (B.A) - 1996
  8. Joseph H. Taylor[27] (PhD) - 1993
  9. Kenneth G. Wilson[28] (B.A) - 1982
  10. Nico Bloembergen[29] (Grad Atten) - 1981
  11. Sheldon Glashow[30] (M.A, PhD) - 1979
  12. John van Vleck[31] (M.A, PhD) - 1977
  13. Philip W. Anderson[32] (B.A, M.A, PhD) - 1977
  14. Ben Mottelson[33] (PhD) - 1975
  15. Edward M. Purcell[34] (M.A, PhD) - 1952
  16. Percy Bridgman[35] (B.A, M.A, PhD) - 1946
  1. Roy Glauber[24] (Prof) - 2005*
  2. Riccardo Giacconi[36] (Prof) - 2002
  3. Norman Ramsey[37] (Prof) - 1989*
  4. Carlo Rubbia[38] (Prof) - 1984
  5. Nico Bloembergen[29] (Prof) - 1981*
  6. Sheldon Glashow[30] (Prof) - 1979*
  7. Steven Weinberg[39] (Prof) - 1979*
  8. Robert W. Wilson[40] (Sr. Sci) - 1978
  9. John van Vleck[31] (Prof) - 1977*
  10. Julian Schwinger[41] (Prof) - 1965*
  11. Edward M. Purcell[34] (Prof) - 1952*
  12. Percy Bridgman[35] (Prof) - 1946*
  1. John M. Kosterlitz[42] (Vis Prof) - 2016
  2. Serge Haroche[43] (Vis Prof) - 2012
  3. Brian Schmidt[22] (PSD) - 2011
  4. David Gross[44] (Jr. Fel) - 2004
  5. David Politzer[25] (Jr. Fel) - 2004
  6. Frank Wilczek[45] (Vis Prof) - 2004
  7. Anthony Leggett[46] (Res Assoc) - 2003
  8. Gerard 't Hooft[47][48] (M.L.L Lect) - 1999
  9. Kenneth G. Wilson[28] (Jr. Fel) - 1982
  10. Nico Bloembergen[29] (Jr. Fel) - 1981
  11. Steven Weinberg[39] (Vis Prof) - 1979
  12. Arno Penzias[49] (Res Assoc) - 1978
  13. John Bardeen[50] (Jr. Fel) - 1956, 1972
  14. Owen Chamberlain[48] (M.L.L Lect) - 1959
  15. Walter Brattain[51] (Vis Lect) - 1956
  16. Willis Lamb[48] (M.L.L Lect) - 1955
  17. Felix Bloch[52] (Res) - 1952
Chemistry
  1. George P. Smith[53] (PhD) - 2018
  2. Martin Karplus[54] (B.A) - 2013
  3. Thomas Steitz[55] (PhD) - 2009
  4. Martin Chalfie[56] (B.A, PhD) - 2008
  5. Roger Tsien[57] (B.S) - 2008
  6. Roger Kornberg[58] (B.A) - 2006
  7. Richard Schrock[59] (PhD) - 2005
  8. William S. Knowles[60] (B.S) - 2001
  9. Walter Kohn[61] (PhD) - 1998
  10. Donald Cram[62] (PhD) - 1987
  11. Dudley Herschbach[63] (PhD) - 1986
  12. Jerome Karle[64] (M.A) - 1985
  13. Roald Hoffmann[65] (PhD) - 1981
  14. Walter Gilbert[66][67] (B.S, M.S) - 1980
  15. Chris Anfinsen[68] (PhD) - 1972
  16. William H. Stein[69] (B.S) - 1972
  17. James B. Sumner[70] (B.A, PhD) - 1946
  18. Theodore W. Richards[71] (B.A, PhD) - 1914
  1. Martin Karplus[54] (Prof) - 2013*
  2. Roger Kornberg[58] (Asst Prof) - 2006
  3. Roderick MacKinnon[72] (Prof) - 2003
  4. Elias Corey[73] (Prof) - 1990*
  5. Dudley Herschbach[63] (Prof) - 1986*
  6. Walter Gilbert[66][67] (Prof) - 1980*
  7. William Lipscomb[74] (Prof) - 1976*
  8. Geoffrey Wilkinson[75] (Asst Prof) - 1973
  9. Christ Anfinsen[68] (Prof) - 1972
  10. Robert B. Woodward[76] (Prof) - 1965*
  11. Theodore W. Richards[71] (Prof) - 1914
  1. William Moerner[77] (Woodward Vis Prof) - 2014
  2. Arieh Warshel[78] (PSD) - 2013
  3. Robert Lefkowitz[79] (Teaching Fel) - 2012
  4. Thomas Steitz[55] (PSD) - 2009
  5. Roger Kornberg[58] (Jr. Fel) - 2006
  6. Aaron Ciechanover[80] (Vis Prof) - 2004
  7. Roderick MacKinnon[72] (PSD) - 2003
  8. Barry Sharpless[81] (PSD) - 2001
  9. Ryoji Noyori[82] (PSD) - 2001
  10. William S. Knowles[60][83] (PSD) - 2001
  11. Walter Kohn[61] (PSD) - 1998
  12. Robert Curl[84] (PSD) - 1996
  13. Sidney Altman[85] (PSD) - 1989
  14. Jean-Marie Lehn[86] (Vis Prof) - 1987
  15. Dudley Herschbach[63] (Jr. Fel) - 1986
  16. Y. T. Lee[87] (PSD) - 1986
  17. Roald Hoffmann[65] (Jr. Fel) - 1981
  18. Walter Gilbert[66] (PSD) - 1980
  19. William H. Stein[69] (Vis Prof) - 1972
  20. Derek Barton[88] (Vis Lect) - 1969
  21. Robert Mulliken[89] (NRC Fel) - 1966
  22. Robert B. Woodward[90] (Jr. Fel) - 1965
  23. Peter Debye[91][92] (Vis Lect) - 1936
  24. Wilhelm Ostwald[93] (Vis Prof) - 1909
Physiology or Medicine
  1. James Rothman[94] (PhD) - 2013
  2. Ralph Steinman[95] (M.D) - 2011
  3. Mario Capecchi[96] (PhD) - 2007
  4. Craig Mello[97] (PhD) - 2006
  5. Robert Horvitz[98] (M.A, PhD) - 2002
  6. Eric Kandel[99] (B.A) - 2000
  7. Donnall Thomas[100] (M.D) - 1990
  8. Joseph Murray[101] (M.D) - 1990
  9. Harold Varmus[102] (M.A) - 1989
  10. J. Michael Bishop[103] (M.D) - 1989
  11. George Hitchings[104] (PhD) - 1988
  12. George D. Snell[105] (PhD) - 1980
  13. Carleton Gajdusek[106] (M.D) - 1976
  14. Charles Huggins[107] (M.D) - 1966
  15. Frederick Robbins[108] (M.D) - 1954
  16. John Enders[109] (PhD) - 1954
  17. Thomas H. Weller[110] (M.D) - 1954
  18. Edward Doisy[111] (PhD) - 1943
  19. George Minot[112] (B.A, M.D) - 1934
  20. William P. Murphy[113] (M.D) - 1934
  1. Jack Szostak[114] (Prof) - 2009*
  2. Linda Buck[115] (Prof) - 2004
  3. David Hubel[116] (Prof) - 1981*
  4. Torsten Wiesel[117] (Prof) - 1981*
  5. Baruj Benacerraf[118] (Prof) - 1980*
  6. George Wald[119] (Prof) - 1967*
  7. Konrad Bloch[120] (Prof) - 1964*
  8. James Watson[121] (Prof) - 1962*
  9. Georg Békésy[122] (Prof) - 1961*
  10. George Beadle[123] (Asst Prof) - 1958
  11. Fritz Lipmann[124] (Prof) - 1953*
  12. John Enders[109] (Prof) - 1954*
  13. Thomas Weller[110] (Prof) - 1954*
  14. George Minot[112] (Prof) - 1934*
  15. William Murphy[113] (Sr. Assoc) - 1934
  1. J. Michael Bishop[103][125] (Med Resident) - 1989
  2. George Hitchings[104] (PSD) - 1988
  3. Joseph L. Goldstein[126] (Med Resident) - 1985
  4. Michael S. Brown[127] (Med Resident) - 1985
  5. Bengt Samuelsson[128] (Vis Prof) - 1982
  6. Roger Sperry[129] (Res Fel) - 1981
  7. Jean Dausset[130] (Res) - 1980
  8. Richard J. Roberts[131] (Res Assoc) - 1980
  9. Allan Cormack[132][133] (Res Fel) - 1979
  10. Francis Crick[134][135] (Vis Prof) - 1962
  11. Max Theiler[136] (Inst) - 1951
  12. Frederick Robbins[108] (Res Assoc) - 1954
  13. Carl Cori[137] (Vis Prof) - 1947
Economics
  1. Lloyd Shapley[138] (B.A) - 2012
  2. Christopher Sims[139] (B.A, PhD) - 2011
  3. Thomas Sargent[140] (PhD) - 2011
  4. Eric Maskin[141] (B.A, M.A, PhD) - 2007
  5. Roger Myerson[142] (B.A, PhD) - 2007
  6. Thomas Schelling[143] (PhD) - 2005
  7. Vernon L. Smith[144] (PhD) - 2002
  8. Michael Spence[145] (PhD) - 2001
  9. Merton Miller[146] (B.A) - 1990
  10. Robert Solow[147] (B.A, PhD) - 1987
  11. James Tobin[148] (B.A, PhD) - 1981
  12. Bertil Ohlin[149] (M.A) - 1977
  13. Paul Samuelson[150] (M.A, PhD) - 1970
  1. Oliver S. Hart[151] (Prof) - 2016*
  2. Alvin Roth[152] (Prof) - 2012*
  3. Christopher Sims[139] (Asst Prof) - 2011
  4. Eric Maskin[141] (Prof) - 2007
  5. Thomas Schelling[143] (Prof) - 2005
  6. Michael Spence[145] (Prof) - 2001
  7. Amartya Sen[153] (Prof) - 1998
  8. Robert C. Merton[154] (Prof) - 1997*
  9. Robert Fogel[155] (Prof) - 1993
  10. Wassily Leontief[156] (Prof) - 1973*
  11. Kenneth Arrow[157] (Prof) - 1972*
  12. Simon Kuznets[158] (Prof) - 1971*
  1. Jean Tirole[159] (Taussig Res Prof) - 2014
  2. Lars P. Hansen[160] (Vis Prof) - 2013
  3. Robert Shiller[161] (Vis Sch) - 2013
  4. Christopher Sims[139] (Inst) - 2011
  5. Thomas Sargent[140] (Vis Prof) - 2011
  6. Chris Pissarides[162] (Vis) - 2010
  7. Peter Diamond[163] (Vis) - 2010
  8. Oliver Williamson[164] (Taussig Res Prof) - 2009
  9. Leonid Hurwicz[165] (Vis Prof) - 2007
  10. Daniel Kahneman[166] (Lect) - 2002
  11. Amartya Sen[153] (Vis Prof) - 1998
  12. Robert Merton[154] (Vis Prof) - 1997
  13. Robert Fogel[155] (Taussig Res Prof) - 1993
  14. Franco Modigliani[167] (Vis Prof) - 1985
Literature
  1. T. S. Eliot[168][169] (B.A, M.A) - 1948
  2. Eugene O'Neill[170] (UG Atten) - 1936
  1. Seamus Heaney[171] (Prof) - 1995*
  1. Mario Vargas Llosa[172] (Vis Prof) - 2010
  2. J. M. Coetzee[173][174] (Vis Prof) - 2003
  3. Seamus Heaney[171] (Vis Prof) - 1995
  4. Derek Walcott[175] (Vis Prof) - 1992
  5. Bertrand Russell[176][177] (Vis Lect) - 1950
  6. Rudolf Eucken[178][179] (Vis Prof) - 1908
Peace
  1. Juan Santos[180] (M.A) - 2016
  2. Ellen Sirleaf[181] (M.A) - 2011
  3. Barack Obama[182] (J.D) - 2009
  4. Al Gore[183] (B.A) - 2007
  5. Henry Kissinger[184] (B.A, M.A, PhD) - 1973
  6. Ralph Bunche[185] (M.A, PhD) - 1950
  7. Theodore Roosevelt[186] (B.A) - 1906
  1. Henry Kissinger[184] (Prof) - 1973
  2. Ralph Bunche[185] (Prof) - 1950
  1. Kim Dae-jung[187][188] (Vis Fel) - 2000

University of Cambridge (2nd)

Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
Total: 118 (Univ Count: 107)[189]

Notes: 1) Carrying teaching/research duties, the (official) Fellows at various Colleges of Cambridge University are long-term academic staff in the University.[190][191] On the contrary, the "Overseas Fellowship" (Churchill College) and other similar visiting/honorary fellowships at these Colleges are award/honor-based visiting positions which do not require employment-level duties.[192][193][194]

2) Affiliates of the Laboratory of Molecular Biology (MRC LMB) are generally excluded starting May 28, 1962, when MRC LMB officially moved out of the Cavendish Laboratory to become a relatively independent department from the University.[195][196][197][198][Note 6]

Physics
  1. David Thouless[199] (B.A) - 2016
  2. Duncan Haldane[200] (B.A, PhD) - 2016
  3. John M. Kosterlitz[42] (B.A, M.A) - 2016
  4. Norman Ramsey[37] (B.A, M.A, PhD) - 1989
  5. S. Chandrasekhar[201] (PhD) - 1983
  6. Abdus Salam[202] (B.A, PhD) - 1979
  7. Pyotr Kapitsa[203] (PhD) - 1978
  8. Nevill Mott[204] (B.A) - 1977
  9. Antony Hewish[205] (B.A, PhD) - 1974
  10. Brian Josephson[206] (B.A, M.A, PhD) - 1973
  11. Ernest Walton[207] (PhD) - 1951
  12. John Cockcroft[208] (B.A, PhD) - 1951
  13. Cecil Powell[209] (B.A, PhD) - 1950
  14. Patrick Blackett[210] (B.A) - 1948
  15. Edward V. Appleton[211] (B.A, M.A) - 1947
  16. George P. Thomson[212] (B.A) - 1937
  17. James Chadwick[213] (PhD) - 1935
  18. Paul Dirac[214] (PhD) - 1933
  19. Owen Richardson[215][216] (B.A, M.A) - 1928
  20. Charles T. R. Wilson[217] (B.A) - 1927
  21. Lawrence Bragg[218] (B.A, PhD) - 1915
  22. William H. Bragg[219] (B.A) - 1915
  23. J. J. Thomson[220] (B.A) - 1906
  24. Lord Rayleigh[221] (B.A) - 1904
  1. Nevill Mott[204] (Prof) - 1977*
  2. Philip W. Anderson[32] (Prof) - 1977
  3. Antony Hewish[205] (Prof) - 1974*
  4. Martin Ryle[222] (Prof) - 1974*
  5. Brian Josephson[206] (Prof) - 1973*
  6. John Cockcroft[208] (Prof) - 1951
  7. Patrick Blackett[223] (Fel, King's) - 1948
  8. Edward Appleton[211] (Prof) - 1947
  9. George Thomson[212] (Prof) - 1937
  10. James Chadwick[213] (Prof) - 1935
  11. Paul Dirac[214] (Prof) - 1933*
  12. Owen Richardson[215] (Fel, Trinity) - 1928
  13. Charles Wilson[217] (Prof) - 1927*
  14. Lawrence Bragg[218] (Prof) - 1915
  15. J. J. Thomson[220](Prof) - 1906*
  16. Lord Rayleigh[221] (Prof) - 1904
  1. David Thouless[199] (Lect) - 2016
  2. William A. Fowler[224] (Vis) - 1983
  3. Abdus Salam[202] (Lect) - 1979
  4. Pyotr Kapitsa[203] (Res) - 1978
  5. Ivar Giaever[225][226] (Guggenheim Fel) - 1973
  6. Murray Gell-Mann[227] (Overseas Fel, Churchill) - 1969
  7. Hans Bethe[228] (Vis Prof) - 1967
  8. Max Born[229] (Lect) - 1954
  9. George Thomson[212] (Lect) - 1937
  10. Arthur Compton[230] (NRC Fel) - 1927
  11. Niels Bohr[231] (PSD) - 1922
  12. Charles Barkla[232] (Res) - 1917
  13. William H. Bragg[219] (Res) - 1915
Chemistry
  1. Greg Winter[233] (B.A, PhD) - 2018
  2. Richard Henderson[234] (PhD) - 2017
  3. Michael Levitt[235] (PhD) - 2013
  4. Roger Tsien[57] (PhD) - 2008
  5. Alan MacDiarmid[236] (PhD) - 2000
  6. John Pople[237] (B.A, PhD) - 1998
  7. Aaron Klug[238] (PhD) - 1982
  8. Frederick Sanger[239] (B.A, PhD) - 1958, 1980
  9. Walter Gilbert[66] (PhD) - 1980
  10. Peter D. Mitchell[240] (B.A, PhD) - 1978
  11. George Porter[241][242] (PhD) - 1967
  12. Ronald Norrish[243] (B.A, PhD) - 1967
  13. Dorothy Hodgkin[244] (PhD) - 1964
  14. John Kendrew[198] (B.A, PhD) - 1962
  15. Max Perutz[245] (PhD) - 1962
  16. Archer Martin[246] (B.A) - 1952
  17. Richard Synge[247] (B.A, PhD) - 1952
  18. Ernest Rutherford[248] (B.A) - 1908
  1. Greg Winter[233] (Fel, Trinity) - 2018*
  2. Richard Henderson[234] (Fel, Darwin) - 2017
  3. Venki Ramakrishnan[249] (Fel, Trinity) - 2009
  4. John E. Walker[250] (MRC MBU Director) - 1997
  5. Aaron Klug[238] (Prof) - 1982*
  6. Frederick Sanger[239] (Prof) - 1958*, 1980*
  7. George Porter[241] (Fel, Emmanuel) - 1967
  8. Ronald Norrish[243] (Prof) - 1967*
  9. John Kendrew[198] (LMB; Fel, Peterhouse) - 1962
  10. Max Perutz[245] (LMB) - 1962
  11. Lord Todd[251] (Prof) - 1957*
  12. Francis Aston[252] (Fel, Trinity) - 1922*
  13. Ernest Rutherford[248] (Prof) - 1908
  1. Greg Winter[233] (PSD) - 2018
  2. Joachim Frank[253] (Sr. Res Asst) - 2017
  3. Arieh Warshel[78] (Res) - 2013
  4. Thomas Steitz[254] (LMB PSD) - 2009
  5. Roger Tsien[57] (PSD) - 2008
  6. Richard Schrock[59] (PSD) - 2005
  7. John Pople[237] (Lect) - 1998
  8. Jean-Marie Lehn[86] (Todd Vis Prof) - 1987*
  9. Peter Mitchell[240] (Demonstrator) - 1978
  10. Stanford Moore[255] (Vis) - 1972
  11. Luis Leloir[256][257] (Res) - 1970
  12. Lars Onsager[258][259] (Fulbright Sch) - 1968
  13. Fritz Haber[260][261] (Vis) - 1918
Physiology or Medicine
  1. Elizabeth Blackburn[262] (PhD) - 2009
  2. Martin Evans[263] (B.A) - 2007
  3. John Sulston[264] (B.A, PhD) - 2002
  4. Tim Hunt[265] (B.A, PhD) - 2001
  5. César Milstein[266] (PhD) - 1984
  6. Allan Cormack[133] (Grad Atten) - 1979
  7. Rodney Porter[267] (PhD) - 1972
  8. Alan Hodgkin[268] (B.S) - 1963
  9. Andrew Huxley[269][270] (B.A, M.A) - 1963
  10. Francis Crick[134] (PhD) - 1962
  11. Maurice Wilkins[271] (B.A) - 1962
  12. Howard Florey[272] (PhD) - 1945
  13. Albert Szent-Györgyi[16][273] (PhD) - 1937
  14. Henry H. Dale[274] (B.S, M.D) - 1936
  15. Charles Sherrington[275] (B.A, M.B) - 1932
  16. Edgar Adrian[276] (B.A) - 1932
  17. Archibald Hill[277] (B.A) - 1922
  1. John Gurdon[278] (Prof) - 2012*
  2. Robert G. Edwards[279] (Prof) - 2010*
  3. Martin Evans[280] (Fel, St Edmund's) - 2007
  4. Sydney Brenner[281] (Fel, King's) - 2002
  5. César Milstein[282] (Fel, Darwin) - 1984
  6. Alan Hodgkin[268] (Prof) - 1963*
  7. Francis Crick[134] (LMB) 1962*
  8. Charles Sherrington[275] (Fel, Gonville & Caius) - 1932
  9. Edgar Adrian[276] (Prof) - 1932*
  10. Frederick Hopkins[283] (Prof) - 1929*
  11. Archibald Hill[277] (Prof) - 1922
  1. William Cecil Campbell[284] (Vis Res) - 2015
  2. Robert G. Edwards[279] (Ford Res Fel) - 2010
  3. Paul Greengard[285] (PSD) - 2000
  4. Edward B. Lewis[286] (Rockefeller Fel) - 1995
  5. Gobind Khorana[287] (PSD) - 1968
  6. George Wald[288][289] (Guggenheim Fel) - 1967
  7. André Lwoff[290] (Rockefeller Fel) - 1965
  8. Andrew Huxley[269] (Res) - 1963
  9. James Watson[121] (Res) - 1962
  10. Hans A. Krebs[291] (Demonstrator) - 1953
  11. Ernst Chain[292] (Res) - 1945
Economics
  1. Oliver S. Hart[151] (B.A) - 2016
  2. Angus Deaton[293] (B.A, PhD) - 2015
  3. Joseph Stiglitz[294] (Grad Atten) - 2001
  4. Amartya Sen[153] (B.A, PhD) - 1998
  5. James Mirrlees[295] (PhD) - 1996
  6. Richard Stone[296] (B.A, M.A) - 1984
  1. Amartya Sen[153] (Prof) - 1998*
  2. James Mirrlees[295] (Prof) - 1996*
  3. Richard Stone[296] (Prof) - 1984*
  4. James Meade[297] (Prof) - 1977*
  1. William Nordhaus[298] (Sr. Vis) - 2018
  2. Oliver S. Hart[151] (Lect) - 2016
  3. Angus Deaton[293] (Overseas Fel, Churchill) - 2015
  4. Peter Diamond[163] (Overseas Fel, Churchill) - 2010
  5. Joseph Stiglitz[294] (Tapp Res Fel) - 2001
  6. Eric Maskin[141] (Res Fel, Jesus) - 2007
  7. James Mirrlees[295] (Lect) - 1996
  8. Douglass North[299] (Pitt Prof) - 1993
  9. Robert Fogel[155] (Pitt Prof) - 1993
  10. Milton Friedman[300] (Fulbright Sch) - 1976
  11. John Hicks[301] (Lect) - 1972
  12. Kenneth Arrow[157] (Overseas Fel, Churchill) - 1972
Literature
  1. Patrick White[302] (B.A) - 1973
  2. Bertrand Russell[176] (B.A) - 1950
  1. Mario Vargas Llosa[303] (Simón Bolívar Prof) - 2010
  2. Octavio Paz[303] (Simón Bolívar Prof) - 1990
  3. Joseph Brodsky[304][305] (Poet-in-Residence) - 1987
  4. Bertrand Russell[176] (Lect) - 1950
Peace
  1. Philip Noel-Baker[306] (B.A, M.A) - 1959
  2. Austen Chamberlain[307] (B.A, M.A) - 1925
  1. Kim Dae-jung[308][309] (Vis Fel, Clare Hall) - 2000

University of California, Berkeley (3rd)

Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
University of California, Berkeley, United States
Total: 107 (Univ Count: 48)[310]

Notes: 1) The University Count of UC Berkeley only includes alumni, current faculty members, and deceased faculty who retired at Berkeley, once per person.

2) Affiliates of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) before 1971 are included in the following list.[Note 7][311][312][313][314][315][316][317]

3) Affiliates of Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) from 1947 to 1952 are included in the following list; war-time affiliates (Manhattan project) are excluded.[Note 8][318][319][320][321][322]

4) The "Charles M. and Martha Hitchcock Lectureship" is an award/honor-based visiting position without employment-level duty.[323][Note 9]

5) The "Visiting Miller Professorship" is an award/honor-based visiting position which requires research duty.[5]

6) Summer visitors not qualified as affiliates include: Ernest Rutherford (1901 summer school),[324] Svante A. Arrhenius (1904 summer school),[325] William Ramsay (1904 summer school),[326] Hans Bethe (1942 summer researcher),[327] Joshua Lederberg (1950 summer researcher),[328] George Wald (1956 summer researcher),[119] James Heckman (1974 summer researcher).[329]

7) The following Nobel laureates have unclear affiliations with UC Berkeley and are not included for now: Irwin Rose.[330][331]

Physics
  1. Barry Barish[332] (B.A, PhD) - 2017
  2. David Wineland[20] (B.S) - 2012
  3. Saul Perlmutter[23] (PhD) - 2011
  4. John C. Mather[333] (PhD) - 2006
  5. David Gross[44] (PhD) - 2004
  6. Robert Laughlin[334] (B.S) - 1998
  7. Steven Chu[335] (PhD) - 1997
  8. Owen Chamberlain[336] (Grad Atten) - 1959
  9. Willis Lamb[337] (B.S, PhD) - 1955
  1. Saul Perlmutter[23] (Prof) - 2011*
  2. George Smoot[338] (Prof) - 2006*
  3. Steven Chu[335] (Prof) - 1997
  4. Frederick Reines[339] (LANL Res Leader) - 1995
  5. Sheldon Glashow[30] (Assoc Prof) - 1979
  6. Steven Weinberg[340] (Prof) - 1979
  7. Luis W. Alvarez[341] (Prof) - 1968*
  8. Charles Townes[342] (Prof) - 1964
  9. Donald Glaser[343] (Prof) - 1960*
  10. Emilio Segrè[344] (Prof) - 1959*
  11. Owen Chamberlain[336] (Prof) - 1959*
  12. Ernest Lawrence[345] (Prof) - 1939*
  13. Arthur Compton[346][347] (Prof) - 1927
  1. Barry Barish[332] (Res Fel) - 2017
  2. David Thouless[199][348] (PSD) - 2016
  3. Adam Riess[21] (Miller Fel) - 2011
  4. Steven Chu[335] (PSD) - 1997
  5. Pierre de Gennes[349][350] (PSD) - 1991
  6. Richard E. Taylor[351] (LBNL Res) - 1990
  7. Jack Steinberger[352] (Res Asst) - 1988
  8. Nico Bloembergen[29][353] (Vis Prof) - 1981
  9. James Cronin[354] (Res) - 1980
  10. Ben Mottelson[33] (Vis Prof) - 1975
  11. Leon Cooper[355] (LBNL Vis Prof) - 1972
  12. Julian Schwinger[41] (PSD) - 1965
  13. Hans D. Jensen[356][357] (Vis Prof) - 1963
  14. T. D. Lee[358] (Res Assoc) - 1957
  15. Felix Bloch[359][360] (Res) - 1952
  16. Otto Stern[361] (Vis Prof) - 1943
Chemistry
  1. Frances Arnold[362] (PhD) - 2018
  2. Alan Heeger[363] (PhD) - 2000
  3. Robert Curl[84] (PhD) - 1996
  4. Mario Molina[364] (PhD) - 1995
  5. Kary Mullis[365] (PhD) - 1993
  6. Thomas Cech[366] (PhD) - 1989
  7. Y. T. Lee[87] (PhD) - 1986
  8. Henry Taube[367] (PhD) - 1983
  9. Willard Libby[368] (B.S, PhD) - 1960
  10. Glenn Seaborg[369] (PhD) - 1951
  11. William Giauque[370] (B.S, PhD) - 1949
  12. Harold Urey[371] (PhD) - 1934
  1. Paul Modrich[372] (Asst Prof) - 2015
  2. Eric Betzig[373] (Prof) - 2014
  3. Thomas Steitz[374] (Asst Prof) - 2009
  4. Roger Tsien[57] (Prof) - 2008
  5. Dudley Herschbach[63] (Prof) - 1986
  6. Y. T. Lee[87] (Prof) - 1986*
  7. Melvin Calvin[375] (Prof) - 1961*
  8. Willard Libby[368] (Assoc Prof) - 1960
  9. Edwin McMillan[376] (Prof) - 1951*
  10. Glenn Seaborg[369] (Prof) - 1951*
  11. William Giauque[370] (Prof) - 1949*
  12. John H. Northrop[377] (Prof) - 1946
  13. Wendell Stanley[378] (Prof) - 1946
  1. Frances Arnold[362] (PSD) - 2018
  2. Joachim Frank[253] (PSD) - 2017
  3. Richard Henderson[234] (Vis Miller Prof) - 2017
  4. Aziz Sancar[379] (Vis Miller Prof) - 2015
  5. Gerhard Ertl[380] (Vis Prof) - 2007
  6. Kurt Wüthrich[381] (PSD & Vis Miller Prof) - 2002
  7. Ahmed Zewail[382] (PSD) - 1999
  8. Mario Molina[364] (PSD) - 1995
  9. Kary Mullis[365] (Lect) - 1993
  10. Dudley Herschbach[379] (Vis Miller Prof) - 1986
  11. Henry Taube[367] (Inst) - 1983
  12. Geoffrey Wilkinson[75] (Res) - 1973
  13. Jaroslav Heyrovský[383][384] (Carnegie Vis Prof) - 1959
  14. Linus Pauling[385] (Vis Lect) - 1954
  15. Edwin McMillan[376] (NRC Fel) - 1951
Physiology or Medicine
  1. Carol Greider[386] (PhD) - 2009
  2. Andrew Fire[387] (B.A) - 2006
  3. Hamilton O. Smith[388] (B.A) - 1978
  4. Selman Waksman[389] (PhD) - 1952
  5. Joseph Erlanger[390] (B.S) - 1944
  1. James P. Allison[391] (Prof) - 2018
  2. Randy Schekman[392] (Prof) - 2013*
  3. Elizabeth Blackburn[262] (Prof) - 2009
  4. Stanley Prusiner[393] (Prof) - 1997*
  5. George Whipple[394][395] (Prof) - 1934
  1. Sydney Brenner[396] (PSD) - 2002
  2. Richard J. Roberts[131] (Vis Miller Prof) - 1980
  3. Werner Arber[397] (Lect & Vis Miller Prof) - 1978
  4. Allan Cormack[398] (Vis Res) - 1970
  5. Maurice Wilkins[271] (Res) - 1962
  6. Arthur Kornberg[399][400] (Vis Res) - 1959
  7. Thomas H. Morgan[401][402] (Vis Res) - 1933
Economics
  1. Christopher Sims[139] (Grad Atten) - 2011
  2. Thomas Sargent[140] (B.A) - 2011
  3. Thomas Schelling[143] (B.A) - 2005
  4. Daniel Kahneman[166] (PhD) - 2002
  5. Robert Lucas Jr[403] (Grad Atten) - 1995
  6. Douglass North[299] (B.A, PhD) - 1993
  7. William F. Sharpe[404] (UG Atten) - 1990
  8. Lawrence Klein[405] (B.A) - 1980
  1. Paul Romer[406] (Prof) - 2018
  2. Peter Diamond[163] (Prof) - 2010
  3. Oliver Williamson[164] (Prof) - 2009*
  4. Daniel Kahneman[166] (Prof) - 2002
  5. George Akerlof[407] (Prof) - 2001*
  6. Daniel McFadden[408] (Prof) - 2000*
  7. John Harsanyi[409] (Prof) - 1994*
  8. Gérard Debreu[410] (Prof) - 1983*
  1. Chris Pissarides[162] (Vis) - 2010
  2. Oliver Williamson[164] (Vis Prof) - 2009
  3. Leonid Hurwicz[165][411] (Vis Prof) - 2007
  4. Robert Aumann[412] (Ford Vis Res Prof) - 2005
  5. Amartya Sen[153] (Vis Prof) - 1998
  6. James Mirrlees[295] (Vis Prof) - 1996
  7. Reinhard Selten[413] (Vis Prof) - 1994
  8. James Tobin[414] (Ford Vis Res Prof) - 1981
  9. Lawrence Klein[415] (Ford Vis Res Prof) - 1980
  10. Herbert A. Simon[416] (Res Director) - 1978
  11. Bertil Ohlin[417][418] (Vis Prof) - 1977
Literature
  1. Czeslaw Milosz[419] (Prof) - 1980*
  1. Seamus Heaney[420] (Vis Lect) - 1995
  2. Octavio Paz[421][422] (Guggenheim Fel) - 1990
Peace
  1. Linus Pauling[385] (Vis Lect) - 1962

University of Chicago (4th)

Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
University of Chicago, United States
Total: 98 (Univ Count: 91)[423]

Notes: 1) Affiliates of Marine Biological Laboratory starting 1 July 2013 are included in the list (e.g., Eric Betzig was a lecturer from 1 to 10 May 2013, and is thus not included).[424]

2) Affiliates of Argonne National Laboratory (since 1946) are included in the list.[355][425][Note 10]

3) Affiliates of Fermilab are not included in this list, for Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance LLC (since 2007), a partnership of the UChicago and Universities Research Association, a consortium of 89 research universities.[426]

3) Affiliates of Cowles Foundation by 1955 are included in the list.[427]

4) Summer visitors not qualified as affiliates include: Max Born (1912 summer school),[428][429] Hermann J. Muller (1925 summer school & civilian advisor in Manhattan project),[430][431] Jacobus Hoff (1901 summer lecturer).[432]

5) T. S. Eliot was a visiting lecturer to the Committee on Social Thought in 1950, and he only gave four public lectures on "Education".[433][434][435] He is thus excluded from this list.

Physics
  1. George E. Smith[436] (PhD) - 2009
  2. Frank Wilczek[45] (B.S) - 2004
  3. Daniel Tsui[437] (PhD) - 1998
  4. Jerome I. Friedman[438] (B.A, PhD) - 1990
  5. Jack Steinberger[352] (B.S, PhD) - 1988
  6. James Cronin[439] (M.S, PhD) - 1980
  7. Luis W. Alvarez[341] (B.S, M.S, PhD) - 1968
  8. Owen Chamberlain[336] (PhD) - 1959
  9. C. N. Yang[440] (PhD) - 1957
  10. T. D. Lee[358] (PhD) - 1957
  11. Ernest Lawrence[345] (Grad Atten) - 1939
  12. Clinton Davisson[441] (B.S) - 1937
  1. Yoichiro Nambu[442] (Prof) - 2008*
  2. Alexei A. Abrikosov[443] (Argonne) - 2003
  3. Masatoshi Koshiba[444] (Assoc Prof) - 2002
  4. Leon Lederman[445] (Prof) - 1988
  5. S. Chandrasekhar[201] (Prof) - 1983*
  6. James Cronin[439] (Prof) - 1980*
  7. John Schrieffer[446] (Asst Prof) - 1972
  8. Maria Mayer[447] (Prof) - 1963
  9. Murray Gell-Mann[227] (Assoc Prof) - 1969
  10. Enrico Fermi[448] (Prof) - 1938
  11. Arthur Compton[230] (Prof) - 1927*
  12. James Franck[449] (Prof) - 1925
  13. Robert Millikan[450] (Prof) - 1923
  14. Albert Michelson[451] (Prof) - 1907*
  1. Kip Thorne[452] (Vis Assoc Prof) - 2017
  2. Peter Grünberg[453] (Argonne Vis) - 2007
  3. Masatoshi Koshiba[444] (Res Assoc) - 2002
  4. Norman Ramsey[37] (Vis Prof) - 1989
  5. Luis W. Alvarez[341] (Res) - 1968
  6. Hans Bethe[228] (Res) - 1967
  7. Julian Schwinger[41] (Res) - 1965
  8. Eugene Wigner[454] (Res) - 1963
  9. C. N. Yang[440] (Inst) - 1957
  10. Werner Heisenberg[455] (Res) - 1932
Chemistry
  1. Irwin Rose[456] (B.S, PhD) - 2004
  2. Frank Rowland[457] (M.S, PhD) - 1995
  3. Herbert C. Brown[458] (B.S, PhD) - 1979
  4. Robert Mulliken[89] (PhD) - 1966
  1. Paul Crutzen[459] (Prof) - 1995
  2. Y. T. Lee[87] (Prof) - 1986
  3. Henry Taube[367] (Prof) - 1983
  4. Ilya Prigogine[460] (Prof) - 1977
  5. Gerhard Herzberg[461] (Prof) - 1971
  6. Willard Libby[368] (Prof) - 1960
  7. Harold Urey[371] (Prof) - 1934
  1. Ada Yonath[462] (Vis Sci) - 2009
  2. Richard Smalley[463] (PSD) - 1996
  3. Jerome Karle[64][464] (Res) - 1985
  4. Herbert C. Brown[458] (Inst) - 1979
  5. William H. Stein[69] (Vis Prof) - 1972
  6. Robert Mulliken[89] (NRC Fel) - 1966
  7. Karl Ziegler[465] (Vis Prof) - 1963
  8. Lord Todd[466][467] (Vis Prof) - 1957
  9. Glenn Seaborg[369] (Res) - 1951
Physiology or Medicine
  1. Bruce Beutler[468] (M.D) - 2011
  2. Roger Sperry[129] (PhD) - 1981
  3. James Watson[121] (B.A) - 1962
  4. Edward Tatum[469][470] (UG Atten) - 1958
  1. Roger Sperry[129] (Assoc Prof) - 1981
  2. Charles Huggins[107] (Prof) - 1966*
  3. Konrad Bloch[120] (Prof) - 1964
  4. George Beadle[123] (Prof) - 1958
  1. George Wald[119] (NRC Fel) - 1967
  2. John C. Eccles[471] (Res) - 1963
  3. Edward Doisy[471] (Lect) - 1943
  4. Alexis Carrel[472] (Res) - 1912
Economics
  1. Paul Romer[406] (B.S, M.A, PhD) - 2018
  2. Eugene Fama[473] (M.B.A, PhD) - 2013
  3. Myron Scholes[474] (M.B.A, PhD) - 1997
  4. Robert Lucas Jr.[475] (B.A, PhD) - 1995
  5. Gary Becker[476] (M.A, PhD) - 1992
  6. Harry Markowitz[477] (Ph.B, M.A, PhD) - 1990
  7. James M. Buchanan[478] (PhD) - 1986
  8. George Stigler[479] (PhD) - 1982
  9. Herbert A. Simon[416] (B.A, PhD) - 1978
  10. Milton Friedman[300] (M.A) - 1976
  11. Paul Samuelson[150] (B.A) - 1970
  1. Paul Romer[406] (Prof) - 2018
  2. Richard Thaler[480] (Prof) - 2017*
  3. Eugene Fama[473] (Prof) - 2013*
  4. Lars P. Hansen[160] (Prof) - 2013*
  5. Thomas Sargent[140] (Prof) - 2011
  6. Roger Myerson[142] (Prof) - 2007*
  7. Edward Prescott[481] (Prof) - 2004
  8. James Heckman[482] (Prof) - 2000*
  9. Robert Mundell[483] (Prof) - 1999
  10. Robert Lucas Jr[475] (Prof) - 1995*
  11. Robert Fogel[155] (Prof) - 1993*
  12. Gary Becker[476] (Prof) - 1992*
  13. Ronald Coase[484] (Prof) - 1991*
  14. Merton Miller[146] (Prof) - 1990*
  15. George Stigler[479] (Prof) - 1982*
  16. Theodore Schultz[485] (Prof) - 1979*
  17. Milton Friedman[300] (Prof) - 1976*
  18. Friedrich Hayek[486] (Prof) - 1974
  19. Kenneth Arrow[157] (Asst Prof) - 1972
  1. Bengt Holmström[487] (Vis Prof) - 2016
  2. Thomas Sargent[140] (Vis Prof) - 2011
  3. Leonid Hurwicz[165] (Res Assoc) - 2007
  4. Edward Prescott[481] (Vis Prof) - 2004
  5. Daniel McFadden[408] (Vis Assoc Prof) - 2000
  6. Robert Mundell[488] (Ford Vis Prof) - 1999
  7. Robert Lucas Jr[475] (Ford Vis Prof) - 1995
  8. Robert Fogel[155] (Ford Vis Prof) - 1993
  9. Gary Becker[476] (Ford Vis Prof) - 1992
  10. Trygve Haavelmo[489] (Res) - 1989
  11. Franco Modigliani[427] (Res Assoc) - 1985
  12. Gérard Debreu[410] (Res Assoc) - 1983
  13. Lawrence Klein[405] (Res) - 1980
  14. Tjalling Koopmans[490] (Res) - 1975
Literature
  1. Saul Bellow[491] (UG Atten) - 1976
  1. Saul Bellow[491] (Prof) - 1976*
  1. J. M. Coetzee[492] (Vis Prof) - 2003
  2. Bertrand Russell[176] (Vis Prof) - 1950
Peace
  1. Emily Balch[493][494] (Grad Atten) - 1946
  1. Barack Obama[495] (Sr. Lect) - 2009

Columbia University (5th)

Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
Columbia University, United States
Total: 96 (Univ Count: 84)[496]

Notes: 1) Affiliates of Barnard College after 1900 (inclusive) and affiliates of Bard College by 1944 are included in the following list.[497][498]

2) The "Ingeborg Rennert Professorship" and "Global Fellowship" are award/honor-based visiting positions without employment-level duties.[499][500]

3) The "Earnest Kempton Adams (EKA) Lectureship" is an award/honor-based visiting position without employment-level duties. The EKA Fund was established in 1904, enabling Columbia to invite scientists to give a series of public lectures.[501][502][503][Note 11]

4) The University Count of Columbia does not include attendees (2 in total), 2 professors (Martin Karplus and James Rothman), 4 visiting professors (Daniel Tsui, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe, and William Shockley), and Barnard College affiliates & Nobel Peace Prize winners who were short-term academic staff (4 in total).

Physics
  1. Arthur Ashkin[504] (B.A) - 2018
  2. Martin Perl[505] (PhD) - 1995
  3. Norman Ramsey[37] (B.A, PhD) - 1989
  4. Leon Lederman[445] (M.A, PhD) - 1988
  5. Melvin Schwartz[506] (B.A, PhD) - 1988
  6. Val Fitch[507] (PhD) - 1980
  7. Arno Penzias[49] (M.A, PhD) - 1978
  8. James Rainwater[508] (M.A, PhD) - 1975
  9. Leon Cooper[509] (B.A, M.A, PhD) - 1972
  10. Julian Schwinger[41] (B.A, PhD) - 1965
  11. Isidor Rabi[510] (PhD) - 1944
  12. Robert Millikan[450] (PhD) - 1923
  1. Horst Störmer[511] (Prof) - 1998*
  2. Norman Ramsey[37] (Assoc Prof) - 1989
  3. Jack Steinberger[352] (Prof) - 1988
  4. Leon Lederman[445] (Prof) - 1988
  5. Melvin Schwartz[506] (Prof) - 1988
  6. Samuel Ting[512] (Asst Prof) - 1976
  7. James Rainwater[508] (Prof) - 1975*
  8. Charles Townes[342] (Prof) - 1964
  9. T. D. Lee[358] (Prof) - 1957*
  10. Polykarp Kusch[513] (Prof) - 1955*
  11. Willis Lamb[337] (Prof) - 1955
  12. Hideki Yukawa[514] (Prof) - 1949*
  13. Isidor Rabi[510] (Prof) - 1944*
  14. Enrico Fermi[448] (Prof) - 1938
  1. John C. Mather[333] (Lect) - 2006
  2. Daniel Tsui[515] (Adj Sci) - 1998
  3. Leon Lederman[445] (Res Assoc) - 1988
  4. Carlo Rubbia[38] (PSD) - 1984
  5. Arthur Schawlow[516] (Vis Assoc Prof) - 1981
  6. Steven Weinberg[340] (Inst) - 1979
  7. Aage Bohr[517] (Vis Fel) - 1975
  8. Murray Gell-Mann[227] (Vis Assoc Prof) - 1969
  9. Hans Bethe[228][518] (Vis Prof) - 1967
  10. Maria Mayer[447] (Res) - 1963
  11. Emilio Segrè[519][520] (Vis) - 1959
  12. Walter Brattain[51] (Res) - 1956
  13. William Shockley[521] (Res Director) - 1956
Chemistry
  1. Robert Lefkowitz[522] (B.A, M.D) - 2012
  2. William S. Knowles[60] (PhD) - 2001
  3. Sidney Altman[523] (Grad Atten) - 1989
  4. Herbert Hauptman[524] (M.A) - 1985
  5. Roald Hoffmann[65] (B.A) - 1981
  6. William H. Stein[69] (PhD) - 1972
  7. Robert Grubbs[525] (PhD) - 1968
  8. John H. Northrop[377] (B.S, M.A, PhD) - 1946
  9. Irving Langmuir[526] (B.S) - 1932
  1. Joachim Frank[253] (Prof) - 2017*
  2. Martin Karplus[527] (Prof) - 2013
  3. Martin Chalfie[56] (Prof) - 2008*
  4. Harold Urey[371] (Prof) - 1934*
  1. Luis Leloir[256] (Res) - 1970
  2. Willard Libby[368] (Res) - 1960
Physiology or Medicine
  1. Richard Axel[528] (B.A) - 2004
  2. Louis Ignarro[529] (B.A) - 1998
  3. Harold Varmus[102] (M.D) - 1989
  4. Baruj Benacerraf[118] (B.S) - 1980
  5. Baruch Blumberg[530] (M.D) - 1976
  6. Konrad Lorenz[531] (UG Atten) - 1973
  7. George Wald[119] (PhD) - 1967
  8. Konrad Bloch[120] (PhD) - 1964
  9. Joshua Lederberg[532] (B.A) - 1958
  10. Dickinson Richards[533] (M.D) - 1956
  11. Edward C. Kendall[534] (B.S, M.S, PhD) - 1950
  12. Hermann J. Muller[430][535] (B.A, M.A, PhD) - 1946
  1. James Rothman[94] (Prof) - 2013
  2. Richard Axel[528] (Prof) - 2004*
  3. Eric Kandel[536] (Prof) - 2000*
  4. André Cournand[537] (Prof) - 1956*
  5. Dickinson Richards[533] (Prof) - 1956*
  6. Thomas H. Morgan[538] (Prof) - 1933
  1. Linda Buck[115] (PSD) - 2004
  2. Donnall Thomas[100] (Res) - 1990
  3. Sune Bergström[539] (Res Fel) - 1982
  4. Baruj Benacerraf[118] (Res) - 1980
  5. Daniel Nathans[540] (Med Resident) - 1978
  6. Baruch Blumberg[530] (Med Resident) - 1976
  7. Carleton Gajdusek[106] (Med Resident) - 1976
  8. Salvador Luria[541] (Res Asst) - 1969
  9. Konrad Bloch[542] (Inst) - 1964
  10. Joshua Lederberg[543] (Res Asst) - 1958
  11. Hermann J. Muller[430] (Inst) - 1946
Economics
  1. Alvin Roth[152] (B.S) - 2012
  2. Robert C. Merton[154] (B.S) - 1997
  3. William Vickrey[544] (M.A, PhD) - 1996
  4. Robert Fogel[155] (M.A) - 1993
  5. Milton Friedman[300] (PhD) - 1976
  6. Kenneth Arrow[157] (M.A, PhD) - 1972
  7. Simon Kuznets[158] (B.S, M.A, PhD) - 1971
  1. Edmund Phelps[545] (Prof) - 2006*
  2. Joseph Stiglitz[294] (Prof) - 2001*
  3. James Heckman[482] (Assoc Prof) - 2000
  4. Robert Mundell[483] (Prof) - 1999*
  5. William Vickrey[544] (Prof) - 1996*
  6. Gary Becker[476] (Prof) - 1992
  7. George Stigler[479] (Prof) - 1982
  1. Joseph Stiglitz[294] (Stern Vis Prof) - 2001
  2. Robert Solow[147] (Res Fel) - 1987
  3. Franco Modigliani[546] (Inst, Bard) - 1985
  4. Milton Friedman[300] (Vis Prof) - 1976
Literature
  1. Orhan Pamuk[547] (Prof) - 2006
  1. Orhan Pamuk[547] (Vis Sch) - 2006
  2. Derek Walcott[548] (Vis Prof) - 1992
  3. Nadine Gordimer[549] (Adj Prof) - 1991
  4. Joseph Brodsky[548] (Vis Prof) - 1987
  5. Gabriela Mistral[550] (Vis Prof, Barnard) - 1945
Peace
  1. Barack Obama[182] (B.A) - 2009
  2. Nicholas Butler[551] (B.A, M.A, PhD) - 1931
  3. Theodore Roosevelt[552] (Law Atten) - 1906
  1. Nicholas Butler[551] (Prof) - 1931
  1. Leymah Gbowee[553] (Fel, Barnard) - 2011
  2. Liu Xiaobo[554] (Vis Sch) - 2010
  3. Al Gore[555] (Vis Prof) - 2007

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (6th)

Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States
Total: 93

Notes: 1) According to the official Nobel biography, Mario Capecchi was on a "work-study program" of Antioch College and as an undergraduate of Antioch he spent several quarters at MIT.[556] This program is not a degree program and is equivalent to a student-exchange program. Thus, Mario Capecchi is not included in the following list.

2) Paul Greengard, being an electronics technician at MIT during World War II, is not included in this list since he did not hold any academic position.[557]

3) The "Arthur D. Little Visiting Professorship/Lectureship" at the MIT Chemistry Department is an award/honor-based position without employment-level duty.[558][559][Note 12]

Physics
  1. Rainer Weiss[560] (B.S, PhD) - 2017
  2. Adam Riess[21] (B.S) - 2011
  3. George Smoot[338] (B.S, PhD) - 2006
  4. Carl Wieman[561] (B.S) - 2001
  5. Eric Cornell[15] (PhD) - 2001
  6. Robert Laughlin[334] (PhD) - 1998
  7. William D. Phillips[562] (PhD) - 1997
  8. Henry W. Kendall[563] (PhD) - 1990
  9. Burton Richter[564] (B.S, PhD) - 1976
  10. John Schrieffer[446] (B.S) - 1972
  11. Murray Gell-Mann[227] (PhD) - 1969
  12. Richard Feynman[565] (B.S) - 1965
  13. William Shockley[566] (PhD) - 1956
  1. Rainer Weiss[560] (Prof) - 2017*
  2. Frank Wilczek[45] (Prof) - 2004*
  3. Wolfgang Ketterle[567] (Prof) - 2001*
  4. Clifford Shull[568] (Prof) - 1994*
  5. Henry W. Kendall[563] (Prof) - 1990*
  6. Jerome I. Friedman[438] (Prof) - 1990*
  7. Steven Weinberg[340] (Prof) - 1979
  8. Samuel Ting[512] (Prof) - 1976*
  9. Charles Townes[342] (Prof) - 1964*
  1. Serge Haroche[43] (Lect) - 2012
  2. Daniel Tsui[569] (Vis Res) - 1998
  3. Horst Störmer[569] (Vis Res) - 1998
  4. Claude Cohen-Tannoudji[570] (Vis Prof) - 1997
  5. William D. Phillips[562] (PSD) - 1997
  6. Norman Ramsey[37] (Res Assoc) - 1989
  7. Jack Steinberger[352] (Res) - 1988
  8. William A. Fowler[224][571] (Vis Prof) - 1983
  9. Sheldon Glashow[30] (Vis Prof) - 1979
  10. Steven Weinberg[39] (Vis Prof) - 1979
  11. Murray Gell-Mann[227] (Vis Prof) - 1969
  12. Luis W. Alvarez[341] (Res) - 1968
  13. Hans Bethe[228] (Vis Prof) - 1967
  14. Julian Schwinger[41] (Res) - 1965
  15. Donald Glaser[572][573] (Vis Prof) - 1960
  16. Willis Lamb[337] (Res) - 1955
  17. Edward M. Purcell[34] (Res) - 1952
  18. Isidor Rabi[510] (Res) - 1944
Chemistry
  1. Paul Modrich[372] (B.S) - 2015
  2. Elias Corey[73] (B.S, PhD) - 1990
  3. Sidney Altman[523] (B.S) - 1989
  4. Charles Pedersen[574] (M.S) - 1987
  5. Robert Mulliken[89] (B.S) - 1966
  6. Robert B. Woodward[76] (B.S, PhD) - 1965
  1. Richard Schrock[59] (Prof) - 2005*
  2. Barry Sharpless[81] (Prof) - 2001
  3. Mario Molina[364] (Prof) - 1995*
  1. Ada Yonath[462] (PSD) - 2009
  2. Aaron Ciechanover[80] (PSD) - 2004
  3. Thomas Cech[366] (PSD) - 1989
  4. Edwin McMillan[376] (Res) - 1951
  5. Geoffrey Wilkinson[75] (Res Assoc) - 1951
  6. Peter Debye[575][576] (Res) - 1936
Physiology or Medicine
  1. Michael Rosbash[577] (PhD) - 2017
  2. Andrew Fire[387] (PhD) - 2006
  3. Robert Horvitz[98] (B.S) - 2002
  4. Leland Hartwell[578] (PhD) - 2001
  5. David Baltimore[579] (Grad Atten) - 1975
  1. Robert Horvitz[98] (Prof) - 2002*
  2. Phillip Sharp[580] (Prof) - 1993*
  3. Susumu Tonegawa[581] (Prof) - 1987*
  4. David Baltimore[579] (Prof) - 1975*
  5. Salvador Luria[541] (Prof) - 1969*
  6. Gobind Khorana[287] (Prof) - 1968
  1. James Rothman[94] (PSD) - 2013
  2. Donnall Thomas[100] (PSD) - 1990
  3. Werner Arber[397][582] (Vis Res) - 1978
Economics
  1. Paul Romer[406] (Grad Atten) - 2018
  2. William Nordhaus[298] (PhD) - 2018
  3. Jean Tirole[159] (PhD) - 2014
  4. Robert Shiller[161] (M.S, PhD) - 2013
  5. Peter Diamond[163] (PhD) - 2010
  6. Oliver Williamson[164] (B.S) - 2009
  7. Paul Krugman[583] (PhD) - 2008
  8. Robert Aumann[412] (M.S, PhD) - 2005
  9. George Akerlof[407] (PhD) - 2001
  10. Joseph Stiglitz[294] (PhD) - 2001
  11. Robert Mundell[483] (PhD) - 1999
  12. Robert C. Merton[154] (PhD) - 1997
  13. Lawrence Klein[405] (PhD) - 1980
  1. Bengt Holmström[487] (Prof) - 2016*
  2. Oliver S. Hart[151] (Prof) - 2016
  3. Jean Tirole[159] (Prof) - 2014
  4. Peter Diamond[163] (Prof) - 2010*
  5. Paul Krugman[583] (Prof) - 2008
  6. Eric Maskin[141] (Prof) - 2007
  7. Robert Engle[584] (Assoc Prof) - 2003
  8. Joseph Stiglitz[294] (Asst Prof) - 2001
  9. Daniel McFadden[408] (Prof) - 2000
  10. Myron Scholes[474] (Prof) - 1997
  11. Robert C. Merton[154] (Prof) - 1997
  12. John F. Nash[585] (Prof) - 1994
  13. Robert Solow[147] (Prof) - 1987*
  14. Franco Modigliani[546] (Prof) - 1985*
  15. Paul Samuelson[150] (Prof) - 1970*
  1. Richard Thaler[480] (Vis Prof) - 2017
  2. Jean Tirole[159] (Vis Prof) - 2014
  3. Lars P. Hansen[160] (Vis Prof) - 2013
  4. Robert Shiller[161] (Vis Prof) - 2013
  5. Christopher Sims[139] (Vis Prof) - 2011
  6. Paul Krugman[583] (Vis Asst Prof) - 2008
  7. Leonid Hurwicz[165] (Res Asst) - 2007
  8. Edmund Phelps[545] (Vis Assoc Prof) - 2006
  9. Amartya Sen[153] (Vis Asst Prof) - 1998
  10. James Mirrlees[295] (Vis Prof) - 1996
  11. Franco Modigliani[546] (Vis Prof) - 1985
Peace
  1. Kofi Annan[586] (M.S) - 2001

Stanford University (7th)

Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
Stanford University, United States
Total: 83 (Univ Count: 49)[587]

Notes: 1) Affiliates of Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (1962–2008) and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (2008– ) are included in this list.[588][589]

2) Affiliates of Hoover Institution are included in the list.[590]

Physics
  1. Carl Wieman[561] (PhD) - 2001
  2. Eric Cornell[15] (B.S) - 2001
  3. Richard E. Taylor[351] (PhD) - 1990
  1. Theodor Hänsch[591] (Prof) - 2005
  2. Carl Wieman[592] (Prof) - 2001
  3. Robert Laughlin[334] (Prof) - 1998*
  4. Steven Chu[335] (Prof) - 1997*
  5. Douglas Osheroff[593] (Prof) - 1996*
  6. Martin Perl[505] (Prof) - 1995*
  7. Henry W. Kendall[563] (Asst Prof) - 1990
  8. Richard E. Taylor[351] (Prof) - 1990*
  9. Melvin Schwartz[506] (Prof) - 1988
  10. Arthur Schawlow[516] (Prof) - 1981*
  11. Sheldon Glashow[30] (Asst Prof) - 1979
  12. Burton Richter[564] (Prof) - 1976*
  13. Robert Hofstadter[594] (Prof) - 1961*
  14. William Shockley[566] (Prof) - 1956
  15. Willis Lamb[337] (Prof) - 1955*
  16. Felix Bloch[52] (Prof) - 1952*
  1. Serge Haroche[43] (PSD) - 2012
  2. Gerard 't Hooft[47] (SLAC Vis) - 1999
  3. Martinus Veltman[595] (SLAC Vis) - 1999
  4. Henry W. Kendall[563] (Res Assoc) - 1990
  5. Jerome I. Friedman[438] (Res Assoc) - 1990
  6. Gerd Binnig[596] (Vis Prof) - 1986
  7. Kenneth G. Wilson[28] (SLAC Res) - 1982
  8. Steven Weinberg[39] (Vis Prof) - 1979
  9. John van Vleck[31] (Vis Prof) - 1977
  10. Polykarp Kusch[513] (Fel) - 1955
Chemistry
  1. Paul Modrich[372] (PhD) - 2015
  2. Roger Kornberg[58] (PhD) - 2006
  3. Barry Sharpless[81] (PhD) - 2001
  4. Dudley Herschbach[63] (B.S, M.S) - 1986
  1. William Moerner[77] (Prof) - 2014*
  2. Michael Levitt[235] (Prof) - 2013*
  3. Brian Kobilka[597] (Prof) - 2012*
  4. Roger Kornberg[58] (Prof) - 2006*
  5. Barry Sharpless[81] (Prof) - 2001
  6. Henry Taube[367] (Prof) - 1983*
  7. Paul Berg[598] (Prof) - 1980*
  8. Paul Flory[599] (Prof) - 1974*
  9. Linus Pauling[600] (Prof) - 1954
  1. Robert Grubbs[525] (PSD) - 2005
  2. Barry Sharpless[81] (PSD) - 2001
  3. Paul D. Boyer[601] (Res) - 1997
Physiological or Medicine
  1. Randy Schekman[392] (PhD) - 2013
  1. James Rothman[94] (Prof) - 2013
  2. Thomas Südhof[602] (Prof) - 2013*
  3. Andrew Fire[387] (Prof) - 2006*
  4. Ferid Murad[603] (Prof) - 1998
  5. Arthur Kornberg[604] (Prof) - 1959*
  6. Edward Tatum[469] (Prof) - 1958
  7. George Beadle[123] (Prof) - 1958
  8. Joshua Lederberg[532] (Prof) - 1958
  1. James P. Allison[391] (Vis Sch) - 2018
  2. Michael W. Young[605] (PSD) - 2017
  3. Paul Lauterbur[606] (Res) - 2003
  4. Leland Hartwell[578] (Vis) - 2001
  5. Werner Arber[397][582] (Vis Res) - 1978
  6. Baruch Blumberg[530] (Vis Prof) - 1976
  7. Edward Tatum[469] (Res Assoc) - 1958
  8. Thomas H. Morgan[402][607] (Vis) - 1933
Economics
  1. Bengt Holmström[487] (M.S, PhD) - 2016
  2. Alvin Roth[152] (M.S, PhD) - 2012
  3. Oliver Williamson[164] (M.B.A) - 2009
  4. John Harsanyi[409] (PhD) - 1994
  1. Paul Romer[406] (Prof) - 2018
  2. Alvin Roth[152] (Prof) - 2012
  3. Thomas Sargent[140] (Prof) - 2011
  4. Paul Krugman[583] (Prof) - 2008
  5. Joseph Stiglitz[294] (Prof) - 2001
  6. Michael Spence[145] (Prof) - 2001*
  7. Robert Mundell[483] (Faculty) - 1999
  8. Myron Scholes[474] (Prof) - 1997
  9. Douglass North[299] (Hoover) - 1993
  10. Gary Becker[476] (Hoover) - 1992
  11. William F. Sharpe[608] (Prof) - 1990*
  12. Milton Friedman[300] (Hoover) - 1976
  13. Kenneth Arrow[157] (Prof) - 1972
  1. Richard Thaler[480] (Res Fel) - 2017
  2. Bengt Holmström[487] (Vis Prof) - 2016
  3. Jean Tirole[159] (Vis Sch) - 2014
  4. Lars P. Hansen[160] (Vis Prof) - 2013
  5. Thomas Sargent[140] (Vis Sch) - 2011
  6. Leonid Hurwicz[165] (Vis Prof) - 2007
  7. Robert Aumann[412] (Vis Prof) - 2005
  8. Finn Kydland[609] (National Fel) - 2004
  9. Daniel Kahneman[166] (Vis Fel) - 2002
  10. Vernon L. Smith[144] (Vis Assoc Prof) - 2002
  11. Douglass North[299] (Vis Assoc Prof) - 1993
  12. Tjalling Koopmans[490] (Res) - 1975
  13. Friedrich Hayek[486][610] (Vis Prof) - 1974
Literature
  1. John Steinbeck[611] (UG Atten) - 1962
  1. J. M. Coetzee[612] (Vis Prof) - 2003
Peace
  1. Linus Pauling[600] (Prof) - 1962

California Institute of Technology (8th)

Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
California Institute of Technology, United States
Total: 73 (Univ Count: 38)[613]

Notes: 1) The University Count of Caltech does not include short-term academic staff.

2) There were a number of Nobel laureates who visited Caltech upon the invitation of Robert Millikan during 1920-30s.[614] Most of these laureates were simply giving public lectures or non-curricular seminars at Caltech and thus are excluded from the list. There are a few exceptions including Albert Einstein.

3) Affiliates of Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) are included in the following list.[615]

4) The "Sherman Fairchild Distinguished Visiting Scholar" and "Gordon Moore Distinguished Scholar" are award/honor-based visiting positions without employment-level duty.[616][617][Note 13]

5) Summer visitors not qualified as affiliates include: François Jacob (1960 summer researcher),[618] Sydney Brenner (1960 summer researcher).[618][619]

Physics
  1. Kip Thorne[620] (B.S) - 2017
  2. Arthur B. McDonald[621] (PhD) - 2015
  3. Douglas Osheroff[593] (B.S) - 1996
  4. William A. Fowler[224] (PhD) - 1983
  5. Kenneth G. Wilson[28] (PhD) - 1982
  6. Robert W. Wilson[40] (PhD) - 1978
  7. James Rainwater[508] (B.S) - 1975
  8. Charles Townes[342] (PhD) - 1964
  9. Donald Glaser[343] (PhD) - 1960
  10. William Shockley[566] (B.S) - 1956
  11. Carl D. Anderson[622] (B.S, PhD) - 1936
  1. Barry Barish[332] (Prof) - 2017*
  2. Kip Thorne[620] (Prof) - 2017*
  3. David Politzer[25] (Prof) - 2004*
  4. William A. Fowler[224] (Prof) - 1983*
  5. Murray Gell-Mann[227] (Prof) - 1969*
  6. Richard Feynman[565] (Prof) - 1965*
  7. Rudolf Mössbauer[623] (Prof) - 1961*
  8. Carl D. Anderson[622] (Prof) - 1936*
  9. Robert Millikan[450] (Prof) - 1923*
  1. Roy Glauber[24] (Lect) - 2005
  2. Theodor Hänsch[591] (Moore Sch) - 2005
  3. Masatoshi Koshiba[444] (Fairchild Sch) - 2002
  4. Gerard 't Hooft[47][624] (Fairchild Sch) - 1999
  5. Nico Bloembergen[625] (Vis Prof) - 1981
  6. Sheldon Glashow[30] (Res Fel) - 1979
  7. Robert W. Wilson[40] (Res Assoc) - 1978
  8. Hans Bethe[228] (Vis Prof) - 1967
  9. Hans D. Jensen[356][626] (Vis Prof) - 1963
  10. William Shockley[566] (Vis Prof) - 1956
  11. C. V. Raman[627] (Vis Prof) - 1930
  12. Albert Einstein[614][628] (Vis Prof) - 1921
  13. Albert Michelson[629] (Vis Prof) - 1907
  14. Hendrik Lorentz[630][631] (Vis Sch) - 1902
Chemistry
  1. Eric Betzig[632] (B.S) - 2014
  2. Martin Karplus[54] (PhD) - 2013
  3. William Lipscomb[74] (PhD) - 1976
  4. Linus Pauling[633] (PhD) - 1954
  5. Edwin McMillan[376] (B.S, M.S) - 1951
  1. Frances Arnold[362] (Prof) - 2018*
  2. Robert Grubbs[525] (Prof) - 2005*
  3. Ahmed Zewail[382] (Prof) - 1999*
  4. Rudolph Marcus[634] (Prof) - 1992*
  5. Linus Pauling[633] (Prof) - 1954*
  1. Frances Arnold[362] (PSD) - 2018
  2. Joachim Frank[253] (PSD) - 2017
  3. Thomas Steitz[55][635] (Fairchild Sch) - 2009
  4. Gerhard Ertl[380] (Vis Prof) - 2007
  5. Richard Schrock[636][637] (Fairchild Sch) - 2005
  6. Kurt Wüthrich[381] (Vis Assoc) - 2002
  7. Mario Molina[364] (JPL Res) - 1995
  8. Jaroslav Heyrovský[383][384] (Carnegie Vis Prof) - 1959
  9. Lord Todd[251][638] (Vis Prof) - 1957
Physiology or Medicine
  1. Michael Rosbash[577] (B.S) - 2017
  2. Leland Hartwell[578] (B.S) - 2001
  3. Edward B. Lewis[286] (M.S, PhD) - 1995
  4. Howard Temin[639] (PhD) - 1975
  1. Edward B. Lewis[286] (Prof) - 1995*
  2. Roger Sperry[129] (Prof) - 1981*
  3. David Baltimore[640] (Prof) - 1975
  4. Renato Dulbecco[641] (Prof) - 1975
  5. Max Delbrück[642] (Prof) - 1969*
  6. George Beadle[123] (Prof) - 1958*
  7. Thomas H. Morgan[538] (Prof) - 1933*
  1. Jeffrey C. Hall[643] (PSD) - 2017
  2. John Gurdon[278] (PSD) - 2012
  3. Robert G. Edwards[279] (PSD) - 2010
  4. Phillip Sharp[580] (PSD) - 1993
  5. Erwin Neher[644] (Fairchild Sch) - 1991
  6. Niels Jerne[645] (Res Fel) - 1984
  7. Barbara McClintock[646] (Vis Prof) - 1983
  8. Carleton Gajdusek[647] (PSD) - 1976
  9. Robert W. Holley[648][649] (Guggenheim Fel) - 1968
  10. Jacques Monod[650][651] (Rockefeller Fel) - 1965
  11. James Watson[121] (Sr. Res Fel) - 1962
  12. George Beadle[123] (NRC Fel) - 1958
Economics
  1. Vernon L. Smith[144] (B.S) - 2002
  2. Robert C. Merton[154] (M.S) - 1997
  1. Lloyd Shapley[138] (Sr. Res Fel) - 2012
  2. Dale Mortensen[652] (Vis Prof) - 2010
  3. Leonid Hurwicz[165] (Vis Prof) - 2007
  4. Vernon L. Smith[144] (Vis Prof) - 2002
  5. Daniel McFadden[408] (Fairchild Sch) - 2000
Peace
  1. Linus Pauling[633] (PhD) - 1962
  1. Linus Pauling[633] (Prof) - 1962*

University of Oxford (9th)

Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
University of Oxford, United Kingdom
Total: 69 (Univ Count: 51)[653]

Notes: 1) Carrying teaching/research duties, the (official) Fellows at various Colleges of Oxford University are long-term academic staff in the university. On the other hand, various visiting fellowship and honorary fellowships are award/honor-based visiting positions which do not require employment-level duties.

2) The "Sanjay Lall Visiting Professorship" and "Christensen Fellowships" at Oxford are award/honor-based visiting positions without employment-level duty.[654][655]

3) The "George Eastman Visiting Professorship" is an award/honor-based visiting position which requires teaching duties.[656][657]

4) The "Newton Abraham Visiting Professorship" is an award/honor-based visiting position which requires employment-level duties (Fellow at Lincoln College).[658]

5) The University Count of Oxford does not include affiliates who came to Oxford after receiving their Nobel prizes.

Physics
  1. John M. Kosterlitz[42] (PhD) - 2016
  2. Anthony Leggett[46] (B.A, PhD) - 2003
  3. Martin Ryle[222] (B.A, PhD) - 1974
  1. Willis Lamb[337] (Prof) - 1955
  1. Arthur B. McDonald[621] (Vis) - 2015
  2. Frank Wilczek[45] (Vis Prof) - 2004
  3. Anthony Leggett[46] (Res Assoc) - 2003
  4. William D. Phillips[562] (Vis Prof) - 1997
  5. Norman Ramsey[37] (Eastman Vis Prof) - 1989
  6. Klaus von Klitzing[659] (Res) - 1985
  7. John van Vleck[31] (Eastman Vis Prof) - 1977
  8. Philip W. Anderson[32] (Eastman Vis Prof) - 1977
  9. Erwin Schrödinger[660] (Res) - 1933
  10. Arthur Compton[661][662] (Eastman Vis Prof) - 1927
  11. Albert Einstein[663][664] (Res Fel) - 1921
Chemistry
  1. John E. Walker[250] (B.A, PhD) - 1997
  2. Dorothy Hodgkin[244] (B.A) - 1964
  3. Lord Todd[251] (PhD) - 1957
  4. Cyril Hinshelwood[665] (M.A, PhD) - 1956
  5. John Cornforth[666] (PhD) - 1975
  6. Frederick Soddy[667] (B.A) - 1921
  1. Dorothy Hodgkin[244] (Prof) - 1964*
  2. Cyril Hinshelwood[665] (Prof) - 1956*
  3. Robert Robinson[668] (Prof) - 1947*
  4. Frederick Soddy[667] (Prof) - 1921*
  1. Stefan Hell[669] (Vis Sci) - 2014
  2. Martin Karplus[54] (PSD) - 2013
  3. Ahmed Zewail[382] (Vis Prof) - 1999
  4. Paul Crutzen[459] (PSD) - 1995
  5. Rudolph Marcus[634] (Vis Prof) - 1992
  6. Jean-Marie Lehn[86] (Newton Abraham Prof) - 1987
  7. Robert Mulliken[89] (Fulbright Sch) - 1966
  8. Melvin Calvin[662] (Eastman Vis Prof) - 1961
  9. Linus Pauling[656] (Eastman Vis Prof) - 1954
  10. Harold Urey[371] (Eastman Vis Prof) - 1934
  11. Frederick Soddy[667] (Res) - 1921
Physiology or Medicine
  1. John Gurdon[278] (B.S, PhD) - 2012
  2. Oliver Smithies[670] (B.A, M.A, PhD) - 2007
  3. Sydney Brenner[396] (PhD) - 2002
  4. John Vane[671] (PhD) - 1982
  5. Baruch Blumberg[530] (PhD) - 1976
  6. John C. Eccles[672] (PhD) - 1963
  7. Peter Medawar[673] (B.S) - 1960
  8. Howard Florey[272] (B.S, M.A) - 1945
  1. Paul Nurse[674] (Prof) - 2001
  2. Niko Tinbergen[675] (Prof) - 1973*
  3. Rodney Porter[267] (Prof) - 1972*
  4. Peter Medawar[673] (Fel, Magdalen) - 1960
  5. Hans A. Krebs[291] (Prof) - 1953
  6. Charles Sherrington[275] (Prof) - 1932*
  1. John Gurdon[278] (Lect) - 2012
  2. Baruch Blumberg[530] (Eastman Vis Prof) - 1976
  3. Ragnar Granit[676] (Rockefeller Fel) - 1967
  4. Konrad Bloch[542] (Newton Abraham Prof) - 1964
  5. Peter Medawar[673] (Sr. Res Fel, St John's) - 1960
  6. Severo Ochoa[677] (Res Asst) - 1959
  7. George Beadle[653] (Eastman Vis Prof) - 1958
  8. Ernest Chain[292] (Lect) - 1945*
Economics
  1. Michael Spence[145] (B.A/M.A) - 2001
  2. Lawrence Klein[678] (M.A) - 1980
  3. James Meade[297] (B.A) - 1977
  4. John Hicks[301] (B.A) - 1972
  1. Joseph Stiglitz[294] (Prof) - 2001
  2. Amartya Sen[153] (Prof) - 1998
  3. James Mirrlees[295] (Prof) - 1996
  4. Lawrence Klein[405] (Prof) - 1980
  1. Peter Diamond[163](Vis) - 2010
  2. Joseph Stiglitz[294] (Vis Fel, St. Catherine's) - 2001
  3. Robert Solow[653] (Eastman Vis Prof) - 1987
  4. James Meade[297] (Lect) - 1977
  5. Kenneth Arrow[157] (Vis Fel, All Souls) - 1972
Literature
  1. V. S. Naipaul[679] (B.A) - 2001
  2. William Golding[680] (B.A) - 1983
  3. T. S. Eliot[168] (Grad Atten) - 1948
  4. John Galsworthy[681] (LLB) - 1932
  1. Seamus Heaney[420] (Prof) - 1995
Peace
  1. Malala Yousafzai[682] (Attending) - 2014
  2. Aung Suu Kyi[683] (B.A) - 1991
  3. Lester Pearson[684] (B.A, M.A) - 1957
  4. Cecil of Chelwood[685] (LLB, M.A) - 1937
  1. José Ramos-Horta[653] (Sr. Assoc) - 1996
  2. Linus Pauling[656] (Eastman Vis Prof) - 1962

Princeton University (10th)

Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
Princeton University, United States
Total: 65 (Univ Count: 44)[686]

Notes: 1) The "Belknap Visitor" program at Princeton is an award/honor-based visiting position without employment-level duty.[687] Thus, Nadine Gordimer is excluded from the list.[549]

2) Princeton's University Count only includes alumni and academic staff who "have performed their award-winning work at Princeton, were employed by Princeton when they received their award, or are currently working at the University".[686]

Physics
  1. Kip Thorne[620] (M.A, PhD) - 2017
  2. Frank Wilczek[45] (M.A, PhD) - 2004
  3. Steven Weinberg[39] (PhD) - 1979
  4. John Bardeen[50] (PhD) - 1956, 1972
  5. Richard Feynman[565] (PhD) - 1965
  6. Robert Hofstadter[594] (M.A, PhD) - 1961
  7. Clinton Davisson[441] (PhD) - 1937
  8. Arthur Compton[230] (M.A, PhD) - 1927
  1. Duncan Haldane[200] (Prof) - 2016*
  2. Arthur B. McDonald[621] (Prof) - 2015
  3. David Gross[44] (Prof) - 2004
  4. Daniel Tsui[437] (Prof) - 1998*
  5. Joseph H. Taylor[27] (Prof) - 1993*
  6. Russell Hulse[688] (Principal Res Physicist) - 1993*
  7. James Cronin[439] (Prof) - 1980
  8. Val Fitch[507] (Prof) - 1980*
  9. Philip W. Anderson (Prof) - 1977
  10. Eugene Wigner[454] (Prof) - 1963*
  11. Robert Hofstadter[594] (Asst Prof) - 1961
  12. Wolfgang Pauli[689] (Prof) - 1945*
  13. Owen Richardson[215] (Prof) - 1928
  1. Donna Strickland[690] (Res) - 2018
  2. Kip Thorne[620] (PSD) - 2017
  3. Rainer Weiss[560] (PSD) - 2017
  4. John M. Kosterlitz[42] (Vis Prof) - 2016
  5. Riccardo Giacconi[36] (Res Assoc) - 2002
  6. Arno Penzias[49] (Vis Prof) - 1978
  7. John van Vleck[31] (Vis Prof) - 1977
  8. Eugene Wigner[454] (Vis Prof) - 1963
  9. Robert Hofstadter[594] (PSD) - 1961
  10. William Shockley[566] (Lect) - 1956
Chemistry
  1. Frances Arnold[362] (B.S) - 2018
  2. Richard Smalley[463] (PhD) - 1996
  3. Edwin McMillan[376] (PhD) - 1951
  1. John B. Fenn[691] (Prof) - 2002
  1. Tomas Lindahl[692] (PSD) - 2015
  2. Osamu Shimomura[693] (Res) - 2008
  3. Frank Rowland[694] (Inst) - 1995
  4. John Polanyi[695] (Res Assoc) - 1986
  5. Arne Tiselius[696] (Vis) - 1948
Physiology or Medicine
  1. James Rothman[94] (Prof) - 2013
  2. Eric Wieschaus[697] (Prof) - 1995*
  1. Salvador Luria[541][698] (Guggenheim Fel) - 1969
  2. Edward C. Kendall[534][699] (Vis Prof) - 1950
Economics
  1. Oliver S. Hart[151] (PhD) - 2016
  2. Lloyd Shapley[138] (PhD) - 2012
  3. Michael Spence[145] (B.A) - 2001
  4. James Heckman[482] (M.A, PhD) - 2000
  5. John F. Nash[585] (PhD) - 1994
  6. Gary Becker[476] (B.A) - 1992
  1. Angus Deaton[293] (Prof) - 2015*
  2. Christopher Sims[139] (Prof) - 2011*
  3. Paul Krugman[700] (Prof) - 2008*
  4. Daniel Kahneman[166] (Prof) - 2002*
  5. Joseph Stiglitz[294] (Prof) - 2001
  6. John F. Nash[585] (Prof) - 1994*
  7. W. A. Lewis[701] (Prof) - 1979*
  1. Angus Deaton[293] (Vis Prof) - 2015
  2. Jean Tirole[159] (Vis Sch) - 2014
  3. Lloyd Shapley[138] (Fine Inst) - 2012
  4. Thomas Sargent[702] (Vis Prof) - 2011
  5. Chris Pissarides[162] (Vis) - 2010
  6. Eric Maskin[141] (Vis Lect) - 2007
  7. Robert Aumann[412] (Res Assoc) - 2005
  8. Lawrence Klein[415] (Vis Prof) - 1980
  9. Tjalling Koopmans[703] (Res Assoc) - 1975
Literature
  1. Eugene O'Neill[170] (UG Atten) - 1936
  1. Toni Morrison[704] (Prof) - 1993*
  1. Mario Vargas Llosa[705] (Vis Prof) - 2010
  2. Kenzaburō Ōe[706] (Vis Lect) - 1994
  3. Saul Bellow[491][707] (Creative Writing Fel) - 1976
Peace
  1. Woodrow Wilson[708] (B.A) - 1919
  1. Woodrow Wilson[708] (Prof) - 1919

Yale University (11th)

Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
Yale University, United States
Total: 61

Notes: 1) Affiliates of Cowles Foundation after 1955 are included in this list (when the Foundation moved to Yale).[709]

Physics
  1. Raymond Davis Jr.[710] (PhD) - 2002
  2. David M. Lee[26] (PhD) - 1996
  3. Murray Gell-Mann[227] (B.S) - 1969
  4. Ernest Lawrence[345] (PhD) - 1939
  1. David Thouless[199] (Prof) - 2016
  2. Serge Haroche[43] (Prof) - 2012
  3. Willis Lamb[337] (Prof) - 1955
  4. Ernest Lawrence[345] (Asst Prof) - 1939
  1. Charles Kao[711] (Adj Prof) 2009
  2. Ernest Lawrence[345] (Res Fel) - 1939
Chemistry
  1. Brian Kobilka[597] (M.D) - 2012
  2. John B. Fenn[691] (PhD) - 2002
  3. Lars Onsager[258] (PhD) - 1968
  1. Thomas Steitz[55] (Prof) - 2009*
  2. Irwin Rose[456] (Prof) - 2004
  3. John B. Fenn[691] (Prof) - 2002
  4. Sidney Altman[523] (Prof) - 1989*
  5. Lars Onsager[258] (Prof) - 1968*
  1. Richard Henderson[234] (PSD) - 2017
  2. Aziz Sancar[712] (PSD) - 2015
  3. Venki Ramakrishnan[249] (PSD) - 2009
  4. Michael Smith[713] (Vis) - 1993
Physiology or Medicine
  1. James Rothman[94] (B.A) - 2013
  2. Eric Wieschaus[697] (PhD) - 1995
  3. Alfred G. Gilman[714] (B.A) - 1994
  4. Joshua Lederberg[532] (PhD) - 1958
  5. Dickinson Richards[533] (B.A) - 1956
  6. John Enders[109] (B.A) - 1954
  7. George Whipple[394] (B.A) - 1934
  1. James Rothman[94] (Prof) - 2013*
  2. Paul Greengard[285] (Prof) - 2000
  3. John Vane[671] (Asst Prof) - 1982
  4. George Palade[715] (Prof) - 1974*
  5. Edward Tatum[469] (Prof) - 1958
  6. Max Theiler[716] (Prof) - 1951
  1. Elizabeth Blackburn[262] (PSD) - 2009
  2. Erwin Neher[644] (PSD) - 1991
Economics
  1. William Nordhaus[298] (B.A, M.A) - 2018
  2. Peter Diamond[163] (B.A) - 2010
  3. Edmund Phelps[545] (PhD) - 2006
  4. Paul Krugman[700] (B.A) - 2008
  5. George Akerlof[407] (B.A) - 2001
  6. William Vickrey[544] (B.S) - 1996
  1. William Nordhaus[298] (Prof) - 2018*
  2. Bengt Holmström[487] (Prof) - 2016
  3. Robert Shiller[161] (Prof) - 2013*
  4. Christopher Sims[139] (Prof) - 2011
  5. Oliver Williamson[164] (Prof) - 2009
  6. Paul Krugman[700] (Asst Prof) - 2008
  7. Edmund Phelps[545] (Assoc Prof) - 2006
  8. Thomas Schelling[143] (Prof) - 2005
  9. Joseph Stiglitz[294] (Prof) - 2001
  10. James Heckman[482] (Prof) - 2000
  11. Gérard Debreu[410] (Assoc Prof) - 1983
  12. James Tobin[148] (Prof) - 1981*
  13. Tjalling Koopmans[490] (Prof) - 1975*
  1. Christopher Sims[139] (Vis Prof) - 2011
  2. Chris Pissarides[162] (Vis) - 2010
  3. Robert Aumann[412] (Vis Prof) - 2005
  4. Daniel McFadden[408] (Irving Fisher Prof) - 2000
  5. James Heckman[482] (Vis Prof) - 2000
  6. James Mirrlees[295] (Vis Prof) - 1996
  7. John Harsanyi[717] (Vis Fel) - 1994
  8. Gérard Debreu[410] (Vis Prof) - 1983
  9. Ragnar Frisch[718] (Vis Prof) - 1969
Literature
  1. Sinclair Lewis[719] (B.A) - 1930
  1. Toni Morrison[704][720] (Vis Lect) - 1993
  2. Derek Walcott[721][722] (Vis Lect) - 1992
  3. Wole Soyinka[723][724] (Vis Prof) - 1986
Peace
  1. Wangari Maathai[725] (McCluskey Vis Fel) - 2004
  2. Elie Wiesel[726] (Henry Luce Vis Sch) - 1986
  3. Philip Noel-Baker[306] (Dodge Lect) - 1959

Cornell University (12th)

Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
Cornell University, United States
Total: 58 (Univ Count: 50)[727]

Notes: 1) The University Count of Cornell does not include short-term academic staff (Fritz Lipmann being an exception).

2) The "Baker Lectureship" is an award/honor-based visiting position without employment-level duty.[728]

3) The "A.D White Professorship-at-Large (A.D.W Professor)" at Cornell is an academic appointment which has a definite duration of appointment (six years). This is similar to adjunct professorship instead of usual visiting professorship (note that the University Count considers the A.D White Professors as full-time academic staff).[729]

Physics
  1. Arthur Ashkin[504] (PhD) - 2018
  2. David Thouless[199] (PhD) - 2016
  3. Douglas Osheroff[593] (M.S, PhD) - 1996
  4. Sheldon Glashow[30] (B.A) - 1979
  5. Steven Weinberg[39] (B.A) - 1979
  6. Isidor Rabi[510] (B.S) - 1944
  1. François Englert[730] (Asst Prof) - 2013
  2. David M. Lee[26] (Prof) - 1996*
  3. Robert Coleman Richardson[731] (Prof) - 1996*
  4. Kenneth G. Wilson[28] (Prof) - 1982*
  5. Hans Bethe[228] (Prof) - 1967*
  6. Richard Feynman[565] (Assoc Prof) - 1965
  1. Kip Thorne[620] (A.D.W Prof) - 2017
  2. John M. Kosterlitz[42] (PSD) - 2016
  3. François Englert[730] (Res Assoc) - 2013
  4. Anthony Leggett[46] (Vis Prof) - 2002
  5. Robert C. Richardson[731] (Res Assoc) - 1996
  6. Russell Hulse[732] (Arecibo Observatory) - 1993
  7. Pierre de Gennes[733] (A.D.W Prof) - 1991
  8. John Schrieffer[446] (A.D.W Prof) - 1972
  9. Hannes Alfvén[727] (Distinguished Prof) - 1970
  10. Brian Josephson[206] (Res Fel) - 1946
  11. George P. Thomson[212] (Lect) - 1937
Chemistry
  1. Eric Betzig[632] (PhD) - 2014
  2. William Moerner[77] (M.S, PhD) - 2014
  1. Henry Taube[367] (Asst Prof) - 1983
  2. Roald Hoffmann[65] (Prof) - 1981*
  3. Paul Flory[599] (Prof) - 1974
  4. Vincent du Vigneaud[734] (Prof) - 1955*
  5. James B. Sumner[70] (Prof) - 1946*
  6. Peter Debye[575] (Prof) - 1936
  1. Joachim Frank[253] (PSD) - 2017
  2. Richard R. Ernst[735] (A.D.W Prof) - 1991
  3. Manfred Eigen[736] (A.D.W Prof) - 1967
  4. Otto Hahn[737] (Vis Prof) - 1944
Physiology or Medicine
  1. Jack Szostak[114] (PhD) - 2009
  2. Barbara McClintock[646] (B.S, M.A, PhD) - 1983
  3. Robert W. Holley[648] (PhD) - 1968
  4. George Beadle[123] (PhD) - 1958
  5. Hermann J. Muller[535] (Grad Atten) - 1946
  1. James P. Allison[391] (Prof) - 2018
  2. Harold Varmus[102] (Prof) - 1989
  3. Robert W. Holley[648] (Prof) - 1968*
  4. Haldan Hartline[738] (Assoc Prof) - 1967
  5. Herbert Gasser[739] (Prof) - 1944
  1. Paul Greengard[727] (A.D.W Prof) - 2000
  2. Robert Furchgott[740] (Inst) - 1998
  3. Barbara McClintock[646] (A.D.W Prof) - 1983
  4. Gobind Khorana[727] (A.D.W Prof) - 1968
  5. Peter Medawar[727] (A.D.W Prof) - 1960
  6. Fritz Lipmann[124] (Res Assoc) - 1953
Economics
  1. Robert Engle[584] (M.S, PhD) - 2003
  2. Robert Fogel[155] (B.A) - 1993
  1. Richard Thaler[480] (Prof) - 2017
  1. Dale Mortensen[652] (Vis Prof) - 2010
  2. Amartya Sen[153] (A.D.W Prof) - 1998
Literature
  1. Toni Morrison[704] (M.A) - 1993
  2. Pearl S. Buck[741] (M.A) - 1938
  1. Octavio Paz[727] (A.D.W Prof) - 1990
  2. Wole Soyinka[727] (Sr. Fel) - 1986
Peace
  1. John R. Mott[742] (B.A) - 1946
  1. Norman Borlaug[727] (A.D.W Prof) - 1970

Humboldt University Berlin (13th)

Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
Humboldt University Berlin, Germany
Total: 55 (Univ Count: 29)[743]

Notes: 1) Eduard Buchner received the Nobel prize when he was in Agricultural University of Berlin, which was later incorporated into the University of Berlin. He is not counted as a professor in the University of Berlin.

2) Emily Balch studied one year at the University of Berlin, but she was only permitted to audit lectures and was not in any degree program.[493][494] She is thus excluded from the list.

Physics
  1. Walther Bothe[744] (PhD) - 1954
  2. Gustav Hertz[745] (PhD) - 1925
  3. James Franck[449] (PhD) - 1925
  4. Max Planck[746] (Grad Atten) - 1918
  5. Max Laue[747] (PhD) - 1914
  6. Wilhelm Wien[748] (PhD) - 1911
  7. Karl Braun[749] (PhD) - 1909
  8. Philipp Lenard[750] (Grad Atten) - 1905
  1. Max Born[229] (Prof) - 1954
  2. Walther Bothe[744] (Prof) - 1954
  3. Erwin Schrödinger[660] (Prof) - 1933*
  4. Werner Heisenberg[455] (Prof) - 1932
  5. James Franck[449] (Assoc Prof) - 1925
  6. Albert Einstein[628] (Prof) - 1921
  7. Max Planck[746] (Prof) - 1918*
  8. Max Laue[747] (Prof) - 1914
  1. Eugene Wigner[454] (Res Asst & Privatdozent) - 1963
  2. Albert Michelson[751] (Vis) - 1907
Chemistry
  1. Odd Hassel[752] (PhD) - 1969
  2. Kurt Alder[753] (UG Atten) - 1950
  3. Otto Diels[754] (PhD) - 1950
  4. Hans Euler-Chelpin[755] (PhD) - 1929
  5. Adolf Windaus[756] (UG Atten) - 1928
  6. Heinrich Wieland[757] (UG Atten) - 1927
  7. Walther Nernst[758] (UG Atten) - 1920
  8. Fritz Haber[260] (UG Atten) - 1918
  9. Otto Wallach[759] (UG Atten) - 1910
  10. Adolf von Baeyer[760] (PhD) - 1905
  1. Otto Diels[754] (Prof) - 1950
  2. Otto Hahn[737] (Prof) - 1944
  3. Adolf Butenandt[761] (Prof) - 1939*
  4. Peter Debye[575] (Prof) - 1936*
  5. Walther Nernst[758] (Prof) - 1920*
  6. Richard Willstätter[762] (Prof) - 1915
  7. Emil Fischer[763] (Prof) - 1902*
  8. Jacobus Hoff[764] (Prof) - 1901*
  1. Friedrich Bergius[765] (Res) - 1931
  2. Hans Fischer[766][767] (Res) - 1930
  3. Hans Euler-Chelpin[755] (Vis) - 1929
  4. Richard Zsigmondy[768] (Res Asst) - 1925
  5. Fritz Pregl[769][770] (Vis) - 1923
  6. Theodore W. Richards[771] (Vis Prof) - 1914
  7. Eduard Buchner[772] (Res) - 1907
Physiology or Medicine
  1. Bert Sakmann[773] (Med Atten) - 1991
  2. Werner Forssmann[774][775] (M.D) - 1956
  3. Fritz Lipmann[124] (M.D, PhD) - 1953
  4. Hans A. Krebs[291] (Med Atten) - 1953
  5. Walter R. Hess[776][777] (Med Atten) - 1949
  6. Ernst Chain[292] (B.S) - 1945
  7. Otto H. Warburg[778] (PhD) - 1931
  8. Otto Meyerhof[779][780] (Med Atten) - 1922
  1. Albrecht Kossel[781] (Prof) - 1910
  2. Paul Ehrlich[782] (Assoc Prof) - 1908
  3. Robert Koch[783] (Prof) - 1905
  1. Emil Behring[784] (Res) - 1901
Economics
  1. Wassily Leontief[156] (PhD) - 1973
Literature
  1. Gerhart Hauptmann[785][786] (UG Atten) - 1912
  2. Paul Heyse[787] (UG Atten) - 1910
  3. Rudolf Eucken[788] (UG Atten) - 1908
  1. Theodor Mommsen[789] (Prof) - 1902
Peace
  1. Gustav Stresemann[790] (UG Atten) - 1926
  2. Austen Chamberlain[307][791] (Grad Atten) - 1925
  1. Auguste Beernaert[792] (Vis Fel) - 1909

University of Paris (14th)

Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
University of Paris, France
Total: 50

Notes: 1) This count includes affiliations with the successor Universities Paris I-XIII and Sorbonne University.

2) Affiliates of École Normale Supérieure (ENS) between 10 November 1903 and 3 February 1953 are included below.[793]

3) Léon Jouhaux was only taking courses at several universities including the Sorbonne while self-studying, instead of enrolling in any degree-program. He is thus excluded from the list.[794][795]

Physics
  1. Gérard Mourou[796] (PhD) - 2018
  2. Serge Haroche[43] (PhD) - 2012
  3. Albert Fert[797] (PhD) - 2007
  4. Pierre de Gennes[349] (PhD) - 1991
  5. Louis Néel[798] (ENS B.A) - 1970
  6. Alfred Kastler[799] (ENS B.A, ENS PhD) - 1966
  7. De Broglie[800] (B.S, PhD) - 1929
  8. Jean Perrin[801] (PhD) - 1926
  9. Gabriel Lippmann[802] (PhD) - 1908
  10. Marie Curie[803] (PhD) - 1903
  11. Pierre Curie[804] (PhD) - 1903
  1. Serge Haroche[43] (Prof) - 2012
  2. Albert Fert[797] (Prof) - 2007*
  3. George Smoot[338] (Prof) - 2006
  4. Claude Cohen-Tannoudji[570] (Prof) - 1997
  5. Louis de Broglie[800] (Prof) - 1929*
  6. Jean Perrin[801] (Prof) - 1926*
  7. Gabriel Lippmann[802] (Prof) - 1908*
  8. Marie Curie[803] (Prof) - 1903
  9. Pierre Curie[804] (Prof) - 1903
  1. Murray Gell-Mann[227] (Vis Prof) - 1969
  2. Alfred Kastler[799] (Res) - 1966
  3. Charles Townes[342] (Vis) - 1964
Chemistry
  1. Gerhard Ertl[380] (UG Atten) - 2007
  2. Frédéric Joliot-Curie[805] (PhD) - 1935
  3. Irène Joliot-Curie[806] (B.S, PhD) - 1935
  4. Marie Curie[803] (PhD) - 1911
  5. Henri Moissan[807] (PhD) - 1906
  6. Jacobus Hoff[764] (Atten) - 1901
  1. Frédéric Joliot-Curie[805] (Prof) - 1935*
  2. Irène Joliot-Curie[806] (Prof) - 1935*
  3. Marie Curie[803] (Prof) - 1911*
  4. Henri Moissan[807] (Prof) - 1906*
  1. Michael Levitt[235] (Vis) - 2013
  2. Jaroslav Heyrovský[383][384] (Rockefeller Fel) - 1959
Physiology or Medicine
  1. Françoise Barré-Sinoussi[808] (B.S, PhD) - 2008
  2. Luc Montagnier[809] (M.D) - 2008
  3. Bert Sakmann[810] (UG Atten) - 1991
  4. Jean Dausset[130][811] (M.D) - 1980
  5. André Lwoff[812] (M.D, PhD) - 1965
  6. François Jacob[813] (M.D, PhD) - 1965
  7. Jacques Monod[650] (PhD) - 1965
  8. André Cournand[537] (B.S, M.D) - 1956
  9. Charles Nicolle[814] (Med Atten) - 1928
  10. Charles Richet[815] (M.D, PhD) - 1913
  1. Jean Dausset[130] (Prof) - 1980*
  2. André Lwoff[812] (Prof) - 1965
  3. Jacques Monod[650] (Prof) - 1965
  4. Charles Richet[815] (Prof) - 1913*
Economics
  1. Jean Tirole[159] (PhD) - 2014
  2. Maurice Allais[816] (D.Eng) - 1988
  3. Gérard Debreu[410] (PhD) - 1983
  1. Maurice Allais[816] (Prof) - 1988
  1. Oliver Williamson[164] (Vis Prof) - 2009
Literature
  1. Patrick Modiano[817] (UG Atten) - 2014
  2. Jean-Paul Sartre[818] (B.A, M.A) - 1964
  3. Giorgos Seferis[819] (LLB) - 1963
  4. T.S. Eliot[168] (Grad Atten) - 1948
  5. Henri Bergson[820] (PhD) - 1927
  6. Romain Rolland[821] (PhD) - 1915
  1. Romain Rolland[822][823] (Prof) - 1915
Peace
  1. René Cassin[824] (DCL) - 1968
  2. Albert Schweitzer[825] (Grad Atten) - 1952
  3. Ferdinand Buisson[826] (B.A) - 1927
  4. Léon Bourgeois[827] (DCL) - 1920
  5. Louis Renault[828] (DCL) - 1907
  6. Charles Gobat[829] (Law Atten) - 1902
  1. René Cassin[824] (Prof) - 1968
  2. Ferdinand Buisson[826] (Prof) - 1927
  3. Louis Renault[828] (Prof) - 1907*
  1. Auguste Beernaert[792] (Vis Fel) - 1909

University of Göttingen (15th)

Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
University of Göttingen, Germany
Total: 45 (Univ Count: 44)[830][831]

Notes: 1) The affiliations of several laureates in the University Count are actually affiliations with the city of Göttingen instead of with the university.

2) Members of Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities are not included in the list, for the organization has no affiliation with the university.[832]

Physics
  1. Herbert Kroemer[833] (B.A, PhD) - 2000
  2. Hans Dehmelt[834] (B.A, PhD) - 1989
  3. Maria Mayer[447] (PhD) - 1963
  4. Max Born[229] (PhD) - 1954
  5. Werner Heisenberg[455] (Grad Atten) - 1932
  6. Gustav Hertz[835] (UG Atten) - 1925
  7. Max Laue[747] (UG Atten) - 1914
  8. Wilhelm Wien[748] (UG Atten) - 1911
  1. Max Born[229] (Prof) - 1954
  2. James Franck[449] (Prof) - 1925*
  3. Max Laue[747] (Prof) - 1914
  1. Hans Dehmelt[834] (Res Assoc) - 1989
  2. Wolfgang Paul[836] (Lect) - 1989
  3. Nevill Mott[204] (PSD) - 1977
  4. Eugene Wigner[454] (Res Asst) - 1963
  5. Patrick Blackett[210] (Vis Fel) - 1948
  6. Wolfgang Pauli[689] (Res Asst) - 1945
  7. Paul Dirac[214][837] (PSD) - 1933
  8. Enrico Fermi[448] (PSD) - 1938
  9. Robert Millikan[450] (PSD) - 1923
  10. Johannes Stark[838] (Lect) - 1919
Chemistry
  1. Manfred Eigen[736] (PhD) - 1967
  2. Adolf Butenandt[761] (PhD) - 1939
  3. Norman Haworth[839] (PhD) - 1937
  4. Irving Langmuir[526] (PhD) - 1932
  5. Otto Wallach[759] (PhD) - 1910
  1. Stefan Hell[669] (Prof) - 2014
  2. Peter Debye[575] (Prof) - 1936
  3. Adolf Windaus[756] (Prof) - 1928*
  4. Richard Zsigmondy[768] (Prof) - 1925*
  5. Walther Nernst[758] (Prof) - 1920
  6. Otto Wallach[759] (Prof) - 1910*
  1. Thomas Steitz[55][635] (Macy Fel) - 2009
  2. Dudley Herschbach[840] (Vis Prof) - 1986
  3. Gerhard Herzberg[461] (PSD) - 1971
  4. Lars Onsager[258] (Vis Gauss Prof) - 1968
  5. Hans Euler-Chelpin[755] (Res) - 1929
  6. Theodore W. Richards[71][771] (Res) - 1914
Physiology or Medicine
  1. Thomas Südhof[602] (PhD) - 2013
  2. Bert Sakmann[810] (M.D) - 1991
  3. Max Delbrück[642][841] (PhD) - 1969
  4. Hans A. Krebs[291] (Med Atten) - 1953
  5. Robert Koch[783] (M.D) - 1905
  1. Bert Sakmann[810] (Prof) - 1991
  2. Erwin Neher[842] (Prof) - 1991
  3. Paul Ehrlich[782][831] (Prof) - 1908*
  1. Élie Metchnikoff[843] (Res) - 1908
Literature
  1. Rudolf Eucken[788][830] (PhD) - 1908
Peace
  1. Ludwig Quidde[844] (PhD) - 1927

University of Munich (16th)

Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
University of Munich, Germany
Total: 42 (Univ Count: 14)[845]
Physics
  1. Wolfgang Ketterle[567] (PhD) - 2001
  2. Hans Bethe[228] (PhD) - 1967
  3. Wolfgang Pauli[689] (PhD) - 1945
  4. Werner Heisenberg[455] (PhD) - 1932
  5. Gustav Hertz[835] (UG Atten) - 1925
  6. Johannes Stark[838] (PhD) - 1919
  7. Max Planck[746] (PhD) - 1918
  8. Max Laue[747] (Grad Atten) - 1914
  1. Theodor Hänsch[591] (Prof) - 2005*
  2. Wilhelm Wien[748] (Prof) - 1911
  3. Wilhelm Röntgen[846] (Prof) - 1901*
  1. Nico Bloembergen[625] (Vis Prof) - 1981
  2. Hans Bethe[228] (Lect) - 1967
  3. Isidor Rabi[510] (Res Fel) - 1944
  4. Max Laue[747] (Privatdozent) - 1914
Chemistry
  1. Joachim Frank[253] (M.S) - 2017
  2. Gerhard Ertl[380] (UG Atten) - 2007
  3. Hartmut Michel[847] (Grad Atten) - 1988
  4. Odd Hassel[752] (Grad Atten) - 1969
  5. Hermann Staudinger[848][849] (UG Atten) - 1953
  6. Otto Hahn[737] (UG Atten) - 1944
  7. Richard Kuhn[850] (PhD) - 1938
  8. Peter Debye[575] (PhD) - 1936
  9. Hans Fischer[766] (M.D) - 1930
  10. Heinrich Wieland[757] (PhD) - 1927
  11. Richard Zsigmondy[768] (PhD) - 1925
  12. Richard Willstätter[762] (PhD) - 1915
  13. Eduard Buchner[772] (PhD) - 1907
  1. Gerhard Ertl[380] (Prof) - 2007
  2. Ernst Otto Fischer[851] (Prof) - 1973
  3. Adolf Butenandt[761] (Prof) - 1939
  4. Heinrich Wieland[757] (Prof) - 1927*
  5. Richard Willstätter[762] (Prof) - 1915*
  6. Adolf von Baeyer[760] (Prof) - 1905*
  7. Emil Fischer[763] (Assoc Prof) - 1902
  1. Linus Pauling[852] (Guggenheim Fel) - 1954
  2. Wendell Stanley[378] (NRC Fel) - 1946
  3. Hans Fischer[766] (Lect) - 1930
  4. Eduard Buchner[772] (Lect) - 1907
Physiology or Medicine
  1. Günter Blobel[853] (UG Atten) - 1999
  2. Bert Sakmann[810] (M.D) - 1991
  3. Feodor Lynen[854] (PhD) - 1964
  4. Fritz Lipmann[124] (UG Atten) - 1953
  5. Otto Loewi[855] (Med Atten) - 1936
  6. Hans Spemann[856][857] (UG Atten) - 1935
  1. Karl von Frisch[858] (Prof) - 1973*
  2. Feodor Lynen[854] (Prof) - 1964
  1. Haldan Hartline[738][859] (Res Fel) - 1967
  2. Philip Hench[860][861] (Vis) - 1950
Literature
  1. Thomas Mann[862][863] (UG Atten) - 1929
Peace
  1. Linus Pauling[852] (Guggenheim Fel) - 1962

University of Copenhagen (17th)

Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
University of Copenhagen, Denmark
Total: 39 (Univ Count: 9)[864]

Notes: 1) Affiliates of Niels Bohr Institute (Copenhagen Institute for Theoretical Physics) are included in this list.

Physics
  1. S. Chandrasekhar[201] (Grad Atten) - 1983
  2. Steven Weinberg[39] (Grad Atten) - 1979
  3. Aage Bohr[517] (M.A, PhD) - 1975
  4. Niels Bohr[231] (M.A, PhD) - 1922
  1. Aage Bohr[517] (Prof) - 1975*
  2. Werner Heisenberg[455] (Prof) - 1932
  3. Niels Bohr[231] (Prof) - 1922*
  1. Andre Geim[865] (PSD) - 2010
  2. David Gross[866] (Vis Prof) - 2004
  3. Sheldon Glashow[30] (Vis Sci) - 1979
  4. Nevill Mott[204] (Res) - 1977
  5. Ben Mottelson[33] (PSD) - 1975
  6. John Schrieffer[446] (Res Fel) - 1972
  7. Hans Bethe[867] (Vis) - 1967
  8. Lev Landau[868] (Vis) - 1962
  9. Donald Glaser[573][869] (Vis) - 1960
  10. Felix Bloch[52] (Res Fel) - 1952
  11. Wolfgang Pauli[689] (Res Asst) - 1945
  12. Isidor Rabi[510] (Res Fel) - 1944
  13. Paul Dirac[214][837] (PSD) - 1933
  14. Werner Heisenberg[455] (Lect) - 1932
  15. James Franck[449] (Guest Prof) - 1925
Chemistry
  1. Jens Skou[870] (M.D) - 1997
  1. George de Hevesy[871] (Prof) - 1943
  1. Walter Kohn[61] (PSD) - 1998
  2. Paul Berg[598] (PSD) - 1980
  3. Geoffrey Wilkinson[75] (Vis) - 1973
  4. Linus Pauling[872][600] (Vis) - 1954
  5. Harold Urey[371] (Res Fel) - 1934
Physiology or Medicine
  1. Niels Jerne[645] (M.D) - 1984
  2. Henrik Dam[873] (PhD) - 1943
  3. Johannes Fibiger[874] (B.S, PhD) - 1926
  4. August Krogh[875] (B.A) - 1920
  5. Niels Finsen[876] (M.D) - 1903
  1. Henrik Dam[873] (Assoc Prof) - 1943
  2. Johannes Fibiger[874] (Prof) - 1926*
  3. August Krogh[875] (Prof) - 1920*
  1. Edward B. Lewis[286] (Vis Prof) - 1995
  2. Max Delbrück[642][877] (Rockefeller Fel) - 1969
  3. James Watson[121] (NRC Merck Fel) - 1962
  4. Niels Finsen[876] (Prosector) - 1903
Economics
  1. Bertil Ohlin[149] (Prof) - 1977
  1. William Nordhaus[298] (Adj Prof) - 2018
  2. Lawrence Klein[415] (Vis Prof) - 1980
Literature
  1. Johannes V. Jensen[878] (UG Atten) - 1944
  2. Karl Gjellerup[879] (B.A) - 1917
Peace
  1. Linus Pauling[872][600] (Vis) - 1962

Johns Hopkins University (18th, Tie)

Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
Johns Hopkins University, United States
Total: 37 (Univ Count: 27)[880]
Physics
  1. Adam Riess[21] (Prof) - 2011*
  2. Riccardo Giacconi[36] (Prof) - 2002
  3. James Franck[449] (Prof) - 1925
  1. Maria Mayer[447] (Res Assoc) - 1963
Chemistry
  1. Aziz Sancar[712] (Grad Atten) - 2015
  2. Peter Agre[881] (M.D) - 2003
  1. Peter Agre[881] (Prof) - 2003*
  2. Chris Anfinsen[882] (Prof) - 1972
  1. Daniel Shechtman[883] (Vis Res) - 2011
  2. Kurt Wüthrich[381] (Sch in Residence) - 2002
  3. Lars Onsager[258] (Res Assoc) - 1968
  4. Vincent du Vigneaud[734] (NRC Fel) - 1955
  5. Harold Urey[371] (Res Assoc) - 1934
Physiology or Medicine
  1. Richard Axel[528] (M.D) - 2004
  2. Paul Greengard[285] (PhD) - 2000
  3. Peyton Rous[884] (B.A, M.D) - 1996
  4. Martin Rodbell[885] (M.D) 1994
  5. Hamilton O. Smith[388] (M.D) - 1978
  6. Haldan Hartline[738] (M.D) - 1967
  7. Herbert Gasser[739] (M.D) - 1944
  8. Joseph Erlanger[390] (M.D) - 1944
  9. George Whipple[394] (M.D) - 1934
  10. Thomas H. Morgan[538] (PhD) - 1933
  1. Carol Greider[386] (Prof) - 2009*
  2. Andrew Fire[387] (Prof) - 2006
  3. Torsten Wiesel[117] (Asst Prof) - 1981
  4. Daniel Nathans[540] (Prof) - 1978*
  5. Hamilton O. Smith[388] (Prof) - 1978*
  6. Haldan Hartline[738] (Prof) - 1967
  7. Joseph Erlanger[390] (Assoc Prof) - 1944
  8. George Whipple[394] (Assoc Prof) - 1934
  1. David Hubel[116] (Res) - 1981
  2. Torsten Wiesel[117] (PSD) - 1981
  3. George Minot[112] (Res) - 1934
Economics
  1. Robert Fogel[155] (PhD) - 1993
  2. Merton Miller[146] (PhD) - 1990
  1. Simon Kuznets[158] (Prof) - 1971
  1. Robert Mundell[483] (Vis Prof) - 1999
  2. Robert Fogel[155] (Inst) - 1993
  3. Richard Stone[886] (Vis Prof) - 1984
Literature
  1. J.M. Coetzee[174] (Hinkley Prof) - 2003
Peace
  1. Jody Williams[887] (M.A) - 1997
  2. Woodrow Wilson[708] (PhD) - 1919
  1. Nicholas Butler[888] (Lect) - 1931

New York University (18th, Tie)

Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
New York University, United States
Total: 37 (Univ Count: 24)[889]

Notes: 1) Rudolf Eucken was a Deem Lecturer giving public lectures at the University.[788] He is thus excluded from the list.

2) Wole Soyinka, being Scholar-in-Residence for a series of public lectures, is excluded from the list.[890]

Physics
  1. Frederick Reines[339] (PhD) - 1995
  2. Martin Perl[505] (B.S) - 1995
  3. Clifford Shull[568] (PhD) - 1994
Chemistry
  1. Rudolph Marcus[634] (Prof) - 1992
  2. Robert Mulliken[89] (Asst Prof) - 1966
  1. Avram Hershko[891] (Adj Prof) - 2004
  2. Irwin Rose[456] (PSD) - 2004
Physiology or Medicine
  1. John O'Keefe[892] (UG Atten) - 2014
  2. Eric Kandel[536] (M.D) - 2000
  3. Gertrude Elion[893] (M.S) - 1988
  4. Julius Axelrod[894] (M.A) - 1970
  5. George Wald[119] (B.S) - 1967
  1. Eric Kandel[536] (Assoc Prof) - 2000
  2. Baruj Benacerraf[118] (Prof) - 1980
  3. Severo Ochoa[677] (Prof) - 1959*
  4. Otto Loewi[855] (Res Prof) - 1936
  1. George Palade[715] (PSD) - 1974
  2. John C. Eccles[895] (Vis Prof) - 1963
  3. Francis Crick[134] (PSD) - 1962
  4. Arthur Kornberg[604] (Res) - 1959
Economics
  1. Paul Romer[406] (Prof) - 2018*
  2. Thomas Sargent[140] (Prof) - 2011*
  3. Edmund Phelps[545] (Prof) - 2006
  4. Robert Engle[584] (Prof) - 2003*
  5. Michael Spence[896] (Prof) - 2001
  6. Wassily Leontief[897] (Prof) - 1973
  1. Paul Romer[406] (Henry Kaufman Vis Prof) - 2018
  2. Dale Mortensen[652] (Morgenstern Vis Prof) - 2010
  3. Robert Aumann[412] (Morgenstern Vis Prof) - 2005
  4. Edward Prescott[481] (Shinsei Bank Vis Prof) - 2004
  5. James Heckman[482] (Adj Asst Prof) - 2000
  6. Tjalling Koopmans[703] (Lect) - 1975
  7. Friedrich Hayek[486] (PSD) - 1974
  8. Gunnar Myrdal[898] (Vis Prof) - 1974
  9. Paul Samuelson[899] (Sendai Bank Vis Prof) - 1970
Literature
  1. Joseph Brodsky[305][900] (Prof) - 1987
  1. Saul Bellow[707] (Vis Lect) - 1976
Peace
  1. Mohamed ElBaradei[901] (J.S.D) - 2005
  2. Elihu Root[902] (J.D) - 1912
  1. Mohamed ElBaradei[901] (Adj Prof) - 2005

Rockefeller University (20th)

Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
Rockefeller University, United States
Total: 36 (Univ Count: 25)[903]

Notes: 1) The University Count does not include short-term academic staff.

Physics
  1. Martinus Veltman[595] (Vis) - 1999
Chemistry
  1. Roderick MacKinnon[72] (Prof) - 2003*
  2. Bruce Merrifield[904] (Prof) - 1984*
  3. Stanford Moore[255] (Prof) - 1972*
  4. William H. Stein[69] (Prof) - 1972*
  5. John H. Northrop[377] (Prof) - 1946*
  6. Wendell Stanley[378] (Prof) - 1946*
  1. Tomas Lindahl[692] (PSD) - 2015
  2. Aaron Ciechanover[80] (Vis Prof) - 2004
  3. Michael Smith[713] (Vis) - 1993
  4. Lars Onsager[258] (Vis Prof) - 1968
Physiology or Medicine
  1. Daniel Nathans[540][905] (Grad Atten) - 1978
  2. David Baltimore[579] (PhD) - 1975
  3. Gerald Edelman[19] (PhD) - 1972
  1. Michael W. Young[605] (Prof) - 2017*
  2. Bruce Beutler[468] (Asst Prof) - 2011
  3. Ralph Steinman[95] (Prof) - 2011*
  4. Paul Nurse[906] (Prof) - 2001
  5. Paul Greengard[285] (Prof) - 2000*
  6. Günter Blobel[907] (Prof) - 1999*
  7. Torsten Wiesel[117] (Prof) - 1981
  8. David Baltimore[579] (Prof) - 1975
  9. Albert Claude[908] (Prof) - 1974*
  10. Christian de Duve[909] (Prof) - 1974*
  11. George Palade[715] (Prof) - 1974
  12. Gerald Edelman[19] (Prof) - 1972*
  13. Haldan Hartline (Prof) - 1967*
  14. Peyton Rous[884] (Prof) - 1966*
  15. Edward Tatum[469] (Prof) - 1958*
  16. Joshua Lederberg[532] (Prof) - 1958
  17. Fritz Lipmann[124] (Prof) - 1953
  18. Herbert Gasser[739] (Prof) - 1944*
  19. Karl Landsteiner[910] (Prof) - 1930*
  20. Alexis Carrel[472] (Prof) - 1912*
  1. Yoshinori Ohsumi[911] (PSD) - 2016
  2. Bruce Beutler[468] (PSD) - 2011
  3. Ralph Steinman[912] (PSD) - 2011
  4. Günter Blobel[907] (PSD) - 1999
  5. George Palade[715] (PSD) - 1974
  6. Ragnar Granit[676] (Vis Prof) - 1967
  7. Alan Hodgkin[268] (Res) - 1963
  8. Henrik Dam[873] (Res Assoc) - 1943

21st–30th

21st

Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
University of Pennsylvania, United States
Total: 35 (Univ Count: 26)[913]

Notes: 1) Martin Luther King only audited classes at the University but did not enroll in a degree program.[914] He is thus excluded from the list.

Physics
  1. George E. Smith[436] (B.S) - 2009
  1. Raymond Davis Jr.[710] (Prof) - 2002*
  2. John Schrieffer[446] (Prof) - 1972*
  1. Robert Hofstadter[594] (Inst) - 1961
Chemistry
  1. Ei-ichi Negishi[915] (PhD) - 2010
  2. Ahmed Zewail[382] (PhD) - 1999
  3. Chris Anfinsen[68] (M.S) - 1972
  1. Irwin Rose[913] (Prof) - 2004
  2. Alan Heeger[363] (Prof) - 2000
  3. Alan MacDiarmid[236] (Prof) - 2000*
  1. Hideki Shirakawa[916] (PSD) - 2000
  2. Walter Kohn[61] (Vis Sch) - 1998
  3. Vincent du Vigneaud[734] (Res Asst) - 1955
  4. Richard Kuhn[850] (Vis Prof) - 1938
Physiology or Medicine
  1. Stanley Prusiner[393] (B.A, M.D) - 1997
  2. Michael S. Brown[127] (B.A, M.D) - 1985
  3. Gerald Edelman[19] (M.D) - 1972
  1. Baruch Blumberg[530] (Prof) - 1976
  1. William Cecil Campbell[284][917] (Adj Prof) - 2015
  2. Harald zur Hausen[918] (Res Fel) - 2008
  3. Haldan Hartline[738][859] (Res) - 1967
  4. Ragnar Granit[676] (Res Fel) - 1967
  5. Howard Florey[919] (Rockefeller Fel) - 1945
  6. Otto Meyerhof[779][920] (Res Prof) - 1922
Economics
  1. Robert Shiller[161] (Prof) - 2013
  2. Thomas Sargent[140] (Assoc Prof) - 2011
  3. Oliver Williamson[164] (Prof) - 2009
  4. Edmund Phelps[545] (Prof) - 2006
  5. Edward Prescott[481] (Asst Prof) - 2004
  6. Harry Markowitz[477] (Prof) - 1990
  7. Lawrence Klein[405] (Prof) - 1980*
  8. Simon Kuznets[158] (Prof) - 1971
  1. Oliver S. Hart[151] (Vis Lect) - 2016
  2. Edward Prescott[481] (Lect) - 2004
  3. Robert Engle[584] (Fel) - 2003
  4. Robert Mundell[488] (Richard Fox Prof) - 1999

22nd

Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
University College London, United Kingdom
Total: 33 (Univ Count: 29)[921]

Notes: 1) Affiliates of Francis Crick Institute (UKCMRI) are included in this list.[922]

Physics
  1. Charles Kao[711] (PhD) - 2009
  2. Owen Richardson[215][216] (PhD) - 1928
  1. William H. Bragg[219] (Prof) - 1915*
  1. Peter Higgs[923] (Res Fel) - 2013
Chemistry
  1. Jaroslav Heyrovský[924] (B.S, PhD) - 1959
  1. Robert Robinson[668] (Prof) - 1947
  2. William Ramsay[925] (Prof) - 1904*
  1. George Porter[241] (Vis Prof) - 1967
  2. Vincent du Vigneaud[734] (NRC Fel) - 1955
  3. Otto Hahn[737] (Res) - 1944
  4. Frederick Soddy[667] (Res) - 1921
Physiology or Medicine
  1. Martin Evans[263] (PhD) - 2007
  2. Francis Crick[134] (B.S) - 1962
  3. Frederick Hopkins[283] (B.S) - 1929
  1. John O'Keefe[892] (Prof) - 2014*
  2. James Rothman[926] (Prof) - 2013
  3. Paul Nurse[927] (UKCMRI) - 2001
  4. James W. Black[928] (Prof) - 1988
  5. Bernard Katz[929] (Prof) - 1970*
  6. Andrew Huxley[269] (Prof) - 1963*
  7. Peter Medawar[673] (Prof) - 1960*
  8. Archibald Hill[277] (Prof) - 1922*
  1. Edvard Moser[930] (PSD) - 2014
  2. John O'Keefe[892] (PSD) - 2014
  3. May-Britt Moser[931][932] (PSD) - 2014
  4. Bert Sakmann[810] (British Council Fel) - 1991
  5. Ulf von Euler[921][933] (Vis) - 1970
  6. Herbert Gasser[934] (Res) - 1944
  7. Corneille Heymans[935] (Res) - 1938
  8. Henry H. Dale[274] (PSD) - 1936
  9. Otto Loewi[855][921] (Res) - 1936
Economics
  1. Trygve Haavelmo[936] (Grad Atten) - 1989
  1. James Heckman[482] (Prof) - 2000
Literature
  1. Rabindranath Tagore[937] (UG Atten) - 1913

23rd

Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
ETH Zurich, Switzerland
Total: 32 (Univ Count: 21)[938]

Notes: 1) Konrad Bloch was a Guggenheim Fellow at ETH in 1953, but he is excluded from the list because he does not classify the award-based visiting position as an appointment.[120][542]

Physics
  1. Georg Bednorz[939] (PhD) - 1987
  2. K. Alex Müller[940] (PhD) - 1987
  3. Heinrich Rohrer[941] (B.S, PhD) - 1986
  4. Felix Bloch[52] (UG Atten) - 1952
  5. Albert Einstein[628] (B.A) - 1921
  6. Charles Guillaume[942] (PhD) - 1920
  7. Gustaf Dalén[943] (Grad Atten) - 1912
  8. Wilhelm Röntgen[846] (B.S) - 1901
  1. Wolfgang Pauli[689] (Prof) - 1945
  2. Albert Einstein[628] (Prof) - 1921
  1. Isidor Rabi[510] (Res Fel) - 1944
  2. Otto Stern[944] (Privatdozent) - 1943
Chemistry
  1. Richard R. Ernst[735] (PhD) - 1991
  2. Alfred Werner[945] (B.S) - 1913
  1. Kurt Wüthrich[381] (Prof) - 2002*
  2. Richard R. Ernst[735] (Prof) - 1991*
  3. Vladimir Prelog[946] (Prof) - 1975*
  4. Leopold Ružička[947] (Prof) - 1939*
  5. Richard Kuhn[850] (Prof) - 1938
  6. Peter Debye[575] (Prof) - 1936
  7. Richard Willstätter[762] (Prof) - 1915
  1. William Moerner[77] (Vis Prof) - 2014
  2. Richard Heck[948] (PSD) - 2010
  3. Walter Kohn[61] (Vis Sch) - 1998
  4. Jean-Marie Lehn[86] (Vis Prof) - 1987
  5. Lars Onsager[258] (Res) - 1968
  6. Hermann Staudinger[848] (Lect) - 1953
  7. Artturi Virtanen[949] (PSD) - 1945
  8. George de Hevesy[871] (Res) - 1943
  9. Fritz Haber[260] (Res) - 1918
Physiology or Medicine
  1. Werner Arber[397] (B.S) - 1978
  2. Tadeus Reichstein[950] (B.S, PhD) - 1950
  1. Max Delbrück[877] (Rockefeller Fel) - 1969
  2. Gobind Khorana[287] (PSD) - 1968
  3. Tadeus Reichstein[950] (Lect) - 1950

24th

Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, United States
Total: 30 (Univ Count: 23)[951]

Notes: 1) The University Count includes Philip W. Anderson and James Tobin as affiliates only because they graduated from University Laboratory High School - Urbana. These two laureates are thus excluded from the list.

2) Murray Gell-Mann was a research associate at UIUC in the summer terms of 1951 and 1953. His collaboration with Francis E. Low resulted in Gell-Mann and Low theorem.[952] Thus he is included in the list.

Physics
  1. Jack Kilby[953] (B.S) - 2000
  2. John Schrieffer[446] (M.S, PhD) - 1972
  3. Polykarp Kusch[513] (M.S, PhD) - 1955
  1. Anthony Leggett[46] (Prof) - 2003*
  2. John Bardeen[50] (Prof) - 1956*, 1972*
  3. John Schrieffer[446] (Assoc Prof) - 1972
  1. Anthony Leggett[46] (Res Assoc) - 2003
  2. Zhores Alferov[954] (Vis) - 2000
  3. Norman Ramsey[37] (Res Assoc Prof) - 1989
  4. Brian Josephson[206] (PSD) - 1973
  5. Leon Cooper[509] (Res Assoc) - 1972
  6. Murray Gell-Mann[227] (Res Assoc) - 1969
  7. Emilio Segrè[344] (Vis Prof) - 1959
Chemistry
  1. Vincent du Vigneaud[734] (B.S, M.S) - 1955
  2. Wendell Stanley[378] (M.S, PhD) - 1946
  1. Rudolph Marcus[634] (Prof) - 1992
  2. Elias Corey[73] (Prof) - 1990
  1. Martin Karplus[54] (Inst) - 2013
  2. Vincent du Vigneaud[734][955] (Res Assoc) - 1955
Physiology or Medicine
  1. Phillip Sharp[580] (PhD) - 1993
  2. Edwin Krebs[956] (B.S) - 1992
  3. Hamilton O. Smith[957] (UG Atten) - 1978
  4. Rosalyn Yalow[958] (M.A, PhD) - 1977
  5. Robert W. Holley[648] (B.A) - 1968
  6. Edward Doisy[111] (B.A, M.S) - 1942
  1. Paul Lauterbur[606] (Prof) - 2003*
  2. Salvador Luria[541] (Prof) - 1969
  1. Peter Mansfield[959] (Res Assoc) - 2003
  2. Martin Rodbell[885] (PSD) - 1994
  3. Otto H. Warburg[960][961] (Res) - 1931
Economics
  1. Alvin Roth[152] (Prof) - 2012
  2. Leonid Hurwicz[165] (Prof) - 2007
  3. Franco Modigliani[546] (Prof) - 1985
  1. Leonid Hurwicz[165] (Vis Prof) - 2007

25th

Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
University of Minnesota, United States
Total: 29 (Univ Count: 25)[962]
Physics
  1. Walter Brattain[51] (PhD) - 1956
  2. Ernest Lawrence[345] (M.A) - 1939
  1. John van Vleck[31] (Prof) - 1977
  2. John Bardeen[50] (Asst Prof) - 1956, 1972
  1. Hans D. Jensen[356][357] (Vis Prof) - 1963
  2. Polykarp Kusch[513] (Res Asst) - 1955
  3. Arthur Compton[230] (Inst) - 1927
Chemistry
  1. Brian Kobilka[597] (B.S) - 2012
  2. Melvin Calvin[375] (PhD) - 1961
  1. Paul D. Boyer[601][963] (Prof) - 1997
  2. William Lipscomb[74][964] (Prof) - 1976
Physiology or Medicine
  1. Louis Ignarro[529] (PhD) - 1998
  2. Edward B. Lewis[286] (B.A) - 1995
  1. Edward C. Kendall[534] (Prof) - 1950*
  2. Philip Hench[860] (Prof) - 1950*
Economics
  1. Lars P. Hansen[160] (PhD) - 2013
  2. Daniel McFadden[408] (B.S, PhD) - 2000
  1. Robert Shiller[161] (Asst Prof) - 2013
  2. Christopher Sims[139] (Prof) - 2011
  3. Thomas Sargent[140] (Prof) - 2011
  4. Leonid Hurwicz[165] (Prof) - 2007*
  5. Edward Prescott[481] (Prof) - 2004
  6. George Stigler[479] (Asst Prof) - 1982
  7. Milton Friedman[300] (Assoc Prof) - 1976
  1. Robert Aumann[412] (Vis) - 2005
  2. Finn Kydland[609] (Vis Sch) - 2004
  3. James Tobin[414] (Vis Prof) - 1981
Literature
  1. Bob Dylan[965] (UG Atten) - 2016
  1. Saul Bellow[491][707] (Assoc Prof) - 1976

26th

Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
University of California, San Diego, United States
Total: 27 (Univ Count: 5)[966]

Notes: 1) UCSD University Count only includes faculty members who are currently at UCSD.

Physics
  1. Duncan Haldane[200] (Prof) - 2016
  2. Hannes Alfvén[967] (Prof) - 1970
  3. Maria Mayer[447] (Prof) - 1963*
  1. David M. Lee[26] (Vis Prof) - 1996
  2. Hans D. Jensen[356][968] (Vis Prof) - 1963
Chemistry
  1. Venki Ramakrishnan[249] (Grad Atten) - 2009
  1. William Moerner[77] (Prof) - 2014
  2. Roger Tsien[57] (Prof) - 2008*
  3. Walter Kohn[61] (Prof) - 1998
  4. Mario Molina[364] (Prof) - 1995
  5. Paul Crutzen[459] (Prof) - 1995
  6. Linus Pauling[600] (Prof) - 1954
  7. Harold Urey[371] (Prof) - 1934
  1. Lars Onsager[258] (Vis Prof) - 1968
Physiology or Medicine
  1. Bruce Beutler[468] (B.A) - 2011
  2. Susumu Tonegawa[581] (PhD) - 1987
  1. Renato Dulbecco[969] (Prof) - 1975
  2. George Palade[715] (Prof) - 1974
  3. Francis Crick[970][971] (Adj Prof) - 1962
  1. Randy Schekman[392] (PSD) - 2013
  2. Sydney Brenner[972] (Adj Prof) - 2002
  3. Robert Furchgott[973] (Vis Prof) - 1998
  4. Rolf Zinkernagel[974] (Adj Assoc Prof) - 1975
  5. Robert W. Holley[648] (Adj Prof) - 1968
Economics
  1. Clive Granger[975] (Prof) - 2003*
  2. Robert Engle[584] (Prof) - 2003
  3. Harry Markowitz[477] (Adj Prof) - 1990
Peace
  1. Linus Pauling[600] (Prof) - 1962
Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
University of Heidelberg, Germany
Total: 27 (Univ Count: 33)[976]

Notes: 1) The University Count includes 4 honorary doctors and some affiliates with research institutes in City of Heidelberg. They are excluded from the following list.

2) Harald zur Hausen has been an honorary professor at the university since 1988. This is an honor-based position, which is not classified as an "appointment" in Hausen's C.V.[918][977] Thus, he is excluded from the following list, contrary to the University Count.

Physics
  1. Theodor Hänsch[591] (B.A, PhD) - 2005
  2. Wolfgang Ketterle[567] (B.A) - 2001
  3. Max Born[978] (UG Atten) - 1954
  4. James Franck[449][979] (UG Atten) - 1925
  5. Heike Onnes[980] (Grad Atten) - 1913
  6. Albert Michelson[751][976] (Grad Atten) - 1907
  7. Philipp Lenard[750] (PhD) - 1905
  1. Hans D. Jensen[356] (Prof) - 1963*
  2. Walther Bothe[744] (Prof) - 1954*
  3. Philipp Lenard[750] (Prof) - 1905
  1. Wolfgang Ketterle[567] (Res Sci) - 2001
  2. Hans Dehmelt[981] (Vis Res) - 1989
  3. Gabriel Lippmann[802] (Vis) - 1908
Chemistry
  1. Stefan Hell[669] (PhD) - 2014
  2. Fritz Haber[260] (UG Atten) - 1918
  3. Adolf von Baeyer[760] (Atten) - 1905
  1. Georg Wittig[982] (Prof) - 1979*
  2. Karl Ziegler[465][983] (Assoc Prof) - 1963
  3. Richard Kuhn[850] (Prof) - 1938*
  4. Carl Bosch[984] (Prof) - 1931*
  5. Friedrich Bergius[765] (Prof) - 1931*
  1. Stefan Hell[669] (Adj Prof) - 2014
  2. Karl Ziegler[465] (Lect) - 1963
Physiology or Medicine
  1. Hans Spemann[856] (UG Atten) - 1935
  2. Otto H. Warburg[778] (M.D) - 1931
  3. Otto Meyerhof[779] (M.D) - 1922
  1. Bert Sakmann[810] (Prof) - 1991
  2. Albrecht Kossel[781] (Prof) - 1910*
Literature
  1. Carl Spitteler[985] (UG Atten) - 1919
Peace
  1. Charles Gobat[829] (J.D) - 1902
  1. Auguste Beernaert[792] (Vis Fel) - 1909

28th

Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
University of Manchester, United Kingdom
Total: 25 (Univ Count: 25)[986]
Physics
  1. John Cockcroft[208] (M.S) - 1951
  2. James Chadwick[213] (B.S, M.S) - 1935
  3. Charles T. R. Wilson[217] (UG Atten) - 1927
  4. J. J. Thomson[220] (UG Atten) - 1906
  1. Andre Geim[865] (Prof) - 2010*
  2. Konstantin Novoselov[987] (Prof) - 2010*
  3. Patrick Blackett[210] (Prof) - 1948*
  4. Niels Bohr[231] (Prof) - 1922
  5. Lawrence Bragg[218] (Prof) - 1915*
  1. Nevill Mott[204] (Lect) - 1977
  2. Hans Bethe[228] (Lect) - 1967
Chemistry
  1. Michael Smith[713] (B.S, PhD) - 1993
  2. John Polanyi[695][988] (B.S, M.S, PhD) - 1986
  3. Robert Robinson[668] (B.S, PhD) - 1947
  4. Norman Haworth[839] (B.S, DSc) - 1937
  5. Arthur Harden[989] (B.S) - 1929
  1. Lord Todd[251] (Prof) - 1957
  2. Robert Robinson[668] (Prof) - 1947
  3. Ernest Rutherford[248] (Prof) - 1908*
  1. Melvin Calvin[375] (PSD) - 1961
  2. George de Hevesy[871] (Res) - 1943
  3. Arthur Harden[989] (Lect) - 1929
Physiology or Medicine
  1. John Sulston[990] (Prof) - 2002
  2. Archibald Hill[277] (Prof) - 1922
Economics
  1. Joseph Stiglitz[294] (Prof) - 2001
  2. W. A. Lewis[701] (Prof) - 1979
  3. John Hicks[301] (Prof) - 1972
Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
University of Michigan, United States
Total: 25
Physics
  1. David Politzer[25] (B.S) - 2004
  2. Samuel Ting[512] (B.S, PhD) - 1976
  1. Gérard Mourou[796] (Prof) - 2018*
  2. Carl Wieman[561] (Asst Prof) - 2001
  3. Martinus Veltman[595] (Prof) - 1999
  4. Martin Perl[505] (Assoc Prof) - 1995
  5. Donald Glaser[343] (Prof) - 1960
  1. Norman Ramsey[37] (Vis Prof) - 1989
  2. Wolfgang Pauli[689] (Vis Prof) - 1945
Chemistry
  1. Richard Smalley[463] (B.S) - 1996
  2. Jerome Karle[64] (PhD) - 1985
  1. Walter Kohn[61] (Vis Sch) - 1998
  2. Jerome Karle[64] (Res) - 1985
Physiology or Medicine
  1. Stanley Cohen[991] (PhD) - 1986
  2. Marshall Nirenberg[992] (PhD) - 1968
  3. Thomas H. Weller[110] (B.A, M.S) - 1954
  1. Hamilton O. Smith[957] (PSD) - 1978
  2. Charles Huggins[107] (Inst) - 1966
  3. Peyton Rous[884] (Inst) - 1966
Economics
  1. Robert Shiller[161] (B.A) - 2013
  1. Leonid Hurwicz[165] (Vis Prof) - 2007
  2. Daniel Kahneman[166] (Vis Sci) - 2002
  3. James Tobin[993] (Vis Prof) - 1981
  4. Lawrence Klein[678] (Lect) - 1980
Literature
  1. Joseph Brodsky[994] (Prof) - 1987
  1. Joseph Brodsky[994] (Poet-in-Residence) - 1987
  2. Czesław Miłosz (Vis Prof) - 1980
Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
University of Wisconsin–Madison, United States
Total: 25 (Univ Count: 19)[995]

Notes: 1) The University Count does not include short-term academic staff.

Physics
  1. Jack Kilby[953] (M.S) - 2000
  2. John van Vleck[31] (B.A) - 1977
  3. John Bardeen[50] (B.S, M.S) - 1956, 1972
  1. John van Vleck[31] (Prof) - 1977
  2. Eugene Wigner[454] (Prof) - 1963
  1. Hans D. Jensen[356][626] (Vis Prof) - 1963
Chemistry
  1. Alan MacDiarmid[236] (M.S) - 2000
  2. Paul D. Boyer[601] (PhD) - 1997
  3. Stanford Moore[255] (PhD) - 1972
  1. George P. Smith[53] (PSD) - 2018
  2. John E. Walker[250] (PSD) - 1997
  3. Michael Smith[713] (PSD) - 1993
  4. Peter Debye[996][576] (Vis) - 1936
Physiology or Medicine
  1. William Cecil Campbell[284] (PhD) - 2015
  2. Günter Blobel[907] (PhD) - 1999
  3. Erwin Neher[842] (M.S) - 1991
  4. Edward Tatum[469] (M.S, PhD) - 1958
  5. Herbert Gasser[739] (B.A, M.A) - 1944
  1. Oliver Smithies[670] (Prof) - 2007
  2. Howard Temin[639] (Prof) - 1975*
  3. Gobind Khorana[287] (Prof) - 1968*
  4. Joshua Lederberg[532] (Prof) - 1958*
  5. Joseph Erlanger[390] (Prof) - 1944
  1. Oliver Smithies[670] (PSD) - 2007
Economics
  1. Theodore Schultz[485] (PhD) - 1979
  1. Milton Friedman[300] (Vis Prof) - 1976
Literature
  1. Saul Bellow[491] (Grad Atten) - 1976

31st–50th

31st

Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
University of California, Los Angeles, United States
Total: 24 (Univ Count: 14)[997][998]
Physics
  1. Julian Schwinger[41] (Prof) - 1965
  1. Julian Schwinger[41] (Vis Prof) - 1965
Chemistry
  1. Richard Heck[948] (B.A, PhD) - 2010
  2. Bruce Merrifield[904][999] (B.A, PhD) - 1984
  3. Glenn Seaborg[369] (B.A) - 1951
  1. Fraser Stoddart[1000] (Prof) - 2016
  2. Paul D. Boyer[601] (Prof) - 1997*
  3. Donald Cram[62] (Prof) - 1987*
  4. Willard Libby[368] (Prof) - 1960*
  1. Fraser Stoddart[1000] (Sr. Vis Fel) - 2016
  2. Richard Heck[948] (PSD) - 2010
  3. Ahmed Zewail[382] (Vis Sch) - 1999
Physiology or Medicine
  1. Randy Schekman[392] (B.A) - 2013
  1. Louis Ignarro[529] (Prof) - 1998*
  1. Robert Furchgott[973] (Vis Prof) - 1998
Economics
  1. Elinor Ostrom[1001] (B.A, M.A, PhD) - 2009
  2. William F. Sharpe[608] (B.A, PhD) - 1990
  1. Lloyd Shapley[138] (Prof) - 2012*
  2. Harry Markowitz[477] (Prof) - 1990
  3. James M. Buchanan[478] (Prof) - 1986
  1. Eugene Fama[473](Vis Prof) - 2013
  2. Chris Pissarides[162] (Vis) - 2010
  3. Milton Friedman[300] (Vis Prof) - 1976
  4. Friedrich Hayek[486][610] (Vis Prof) - 1974
Literature
  1. Bertrand Russell[176] (Prof) - 1950
Peace
  1. Ralph Bunche[185] (B.A) - 1950
  1. Al Gore[1002] (Lect) - 2007
Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
Washington University in St. Louis, United States
Total: 24 (Univ Count: 24)[1003]
Physics
  1. Arthur Compton[230] (Prof) - 1927
Chemistry
  1. William Moerner[77] (B.A, B.S) - 2014
  1. Paul Berg[598] (Prof) - 1980
  1. Brian Kobilka[597] (Med Resident) 2012
  2. Aaron Ciechanover[80] (Vis Prof) - 2004
  3. Paul Berg[598] (PSD) - 1980
  4. Luis Leloir[256] (Res Asst) - 1970
Physiology or Medicine
  1. Edwin Krebs[956] (M.D) - 1992
  2. Earl Sutherland[1004] (M.D) - 1971
  3. Daniel Nathans[540] (M.D) - 1954
  1. Robert Furchgott[740] (Asst Prof) - 1998
  2. Rita Levi-Montalcini[1005] (Prof) - 1986*
  3. George D. Snell[105] (Asst Prof) - 1980
  4. Earl Sutherland[1004] (Assoc Prof) - 1971
  5. Alfred Hershey[1006] (Prof) - 1969
  6. Arthur Kornberg[1007] (Prof) - 1959
  7. Carl Cori[137][1008] (Prof) - 1947*
  8. Gerty Cori[1009] (Prof) - 1947*
  9. Herbert Gasser[739] (Prof) - 1944
  10. Joseph Erlanger[390] (Prof) - 1944*
  11. Edward Doisy[111] (Assoc Prof) - 1943
  1. Stanley Cohen[991] (PSD) - 1986
  2. Hamilton O. Smith[1003] (Med Intern) - 1978
  3. Christian de Duve[1010] (Rockefeller Fel) 1974
  4. Arthur Kornberg[604] (Res) - 1959
  5. Severo Ochoa[677] (Res Assoc) - 1959
Economics
  1. Douglass North[299] (Prof) - 1993*

33rd

Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
University of Zurich, Switzerland
Total: 23 (Univ Count: 12)[1011]
Physics
  1. Max Born[978] (UG Atten) - 1954
  2. Albert Einstein[628] (PhD) - 1921
  3. Wilhelm Röntgen[846] (PhD) - 1901
  1. K. Alex Müller[940] (Prof) - 1987
  2. Erwin Schrödinger[660] (Prof) - 1933
  3. Albert Einstein[628] (Prof) - 1921
  4. Max Laue[747] (Prof) - 1914
Chemistry
  1. Paul Karrer[1012] (PhD) - 1937
  2. Walther Nernst[758] (UG Atten) - 1920
  3. Alfred Werner[945] (PhD) - 1913
  1. Paul Karrer[1012] (Prof) - 1937*
  2. Peter Debye[575] (Prof) - 1936
  3. Alfred Werner[945] (Prof) - 1913*
  1. Jean-Pierre Sauvage[1013] (Vis Prof) - 2016
  2. Linus Pauling[633][600] (Res) - 1954
  3. Leopold Ružička[1014] (Lect) - 1939
Physiology or Medicine
  1. Walter R. Hess[776] (M.D) - 1949
  1. Rolf Zinkernagel[974] (Prof) - 1996*
  2. Walter R. Hess[776] (Prof) - 1949*
  1. Eric Wieschaus[697] (PSD) - 1995
  2. Hamilton O. Smith[957] (Guggenheim Fel) - 1978
  3. George Wald[119] (NRC Fel) - 1967
  4. Henrik Dam[873] (Rockefeller Fel) - 1943
  5. Karl Landsteiner[910] (Res) - 1930
  6. Emil Kocher[1015][1016] (Vis) - 1909
Literature
  1. Carl Spitteler[985] (UG Atten) - 1919
  1. Theodor Mommsen[789] (Prof) - 1902
Peace
  1. Linus Pauling[633][600] (Res) - 1962

34th

Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
City University of New York, United States
Total: 21 (Univ Count: 13)[1017]

Notes: 1) The University Count only includes graduates (no attendees).

2) The following laureates have unclear visiting positions at the university and will not be counted for now: Gerald Edelman.[19]

Physics
  1. Leon Lederman[445] (B.S) - 1988
  2. Arno Penzias[49] (B.S) - 1978
  3. Robert Hofstadter[594] (B.S) - 1961
  1. Robert Hofstadter[594] (Inst) - 1961
Chemistry
  1. Herbert Hauptman[524] (B.S) - 1985
  2. Jerome Karle[64] (B.S) - 1985
  3. Paul Berg[598] (UG Atten) - 1980
Physiology or Medicine
  1. John O'Keefe[892] (B.A) - 2014
  2. Gertrude Elion[893] (B.S) - 1988
  3. Stanley Cohen[991] (B.S) - 1986
  4. Rosalyn Yalow[958] (B.S) - 1977
  5. Julius Axelrod[894] (B.S) - 1970
  6. Arthur Kornberg[1007] (B.S) - 1959
  1. Luc Montagnier[1018] (Prof) - 2008
  1. Rosalyn Yalow[1019] (Lect) - 1977
Economics
  1. Robert Aumann[412] (B.S) - 2005
  2. Kenneth Arrow[157] (B.A) - 1972
  1. Paul Krugman[1020] (Prof) - 2008
  2. Harry Markowitz[477] (Prof) - 1990*
  1. Lawrence Klein[678] (Distinguished Vis Prof) - 1980
Literature
  1. Joseph Brodsky[994] (Vis Prof) - 1987
Peace
  1. Henry Kissinger[1021] (UG Atten) - 1973
  1. Elie Wiesel[1022] (Prof) - 1986
Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
Collège de France, France
Total: 21

Notes: 1) The following laureates have unclear visiting positions at Collège de France and will not be counted for now: Gerald Edelman.[19]

Physics
  1. Georges Charpak[1023] (PhD) - 1992
  1. Serge Haroche[43] (Prof) - 2012
  2. Pierre de Gennes[349] (Prof) - 1991*
  1. Roy Glauber[24] (Vis Prof) - 2005
  2. Steven Chu[335] (Vis Prof) - 1997
  3. Nico Bloembergen[29] (Vis Prof) - 1981
  4. Murray Gell-Mann[227] (Vis Prof) - 1969
  5. Albert Michelson[751] (Vis) - 1907
Chemistry
  1. Paul Sabatier[1024] (PhD) - 1912
  1. Jean-Marie Lehn[86] (Prof) - 1987*
  2. Frédéric Joliot-Curie[805] (Prof) - 1935
  1. Ahmed Zewail[382] (Vis Prof) - 1999
  2. Alfred Werner[945] (Res) - 1913
Physiology or Medicine
  1. Jean Dausset[130] (Prof) - 1980*
  2. François Jacob[813] (Prof) - 1965
  3. Jacques Monod[650] (Prof) - 1965
  4. Charles Nicolle[814] (Prof) - 1928
  1. Stanley Prusiner[393] (Vis Prof) - 1997
  2. Roger Guillemin[1025][1026] (Res) - 1977
  3. Corneille Heymans[935] (Res) - 1938
Literature
  1. Henri Bergson[820] (Prof) - 1927
Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
University of Freiburg, Germany
Total: 21 (Univ Count: 10)[1027]

Notes: 1) Dudley Herschbach was a Guggenheim Fellow at Freiburg, but he is excluded because he does not classify this award-based visiting position as an appointment.[840]

Physics
  1. Hans D. Jensen[356] (UG Atten) - 1963
Chemistry
  1. Joachim Frank[253] (B.S) - 2017
  2. Mario Molina[364] (M.S) - 1995
  3. George de Hevesy[871] (PhD) - 1943
  4. Adolf Windaus[756] (PhD) - 1928
  1. Georg Wittig[982] (Assoc Prof) - 1979
  2. Hermann Staudinger[848] (Prof) - 1953*
  3. George de Hevesy[871] (Prof) - 1943
  4. Heinrich Wieland[757] (Prof) - 1927
  1. Adolf Windaus[756] (Lect) - 1928
Physiology or Medicine
  1. Bert Sakmann[773] (UG Atten) - 1991
  2. Georges Köhler[1028] (PhD) - 1984
  3. Hans A. Krebs[291] (UG Atten) - 1953
  4. Otto H. Warburg[960] (UG Atten) - 1931
  5. Otto Meyerhof[779] (Med Atten) - 1922
  6. Paul Ehrlich[782] (Med Atten) - 1908
  1. Harald zur Hausen[918] (Prof) - 2008
  2. Hans Spemann[856] (Prof)- 1935*
  1. Christiane Volhard[1029] (PSD) - 1995
  2. Philip Hench[860][861] (Vis) - 1950
  3. Henrik Dam[873] (Rockefeller Fel) - 1943
  4. Robert Bárány[1030] (Vis) - 1914
Economics
  1. Friedrich Hayek[486] (Prof) - 1974

37th

Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
Carnegie Mellon University, United States
Total: 20 (Univ Count: 20)[1031]

Notes: 1) CMU University Count includes Edward S. Rubin who was a coordinating lead author on organization IPCC, which shared the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize. Rubin is thus excluded from the following list.

2) Thomas Sargent is included in the following list but not the University list.

Physics
  1. John L. Hall[1032] (B.S, PhD) - 2005
  2. Clifford Shull[568] (B.S) - 1994
  1. Otto Stern[944] (Prof) - 1943*
  2. Clinton Davisson[441] (Asst Prof) - 1937
Chemistry
  1. John Pople[237] (Prof) - 1998
  2. Walter Kohn[61] (Prof) - 1998
  1. Ada Yonath[462] (PSD) - 2009
  2. Paul Flory[599] (Res) - 1974
Physiology or Medicine
  1. Paul Lauterbur[606] (Res) - 2003
Economics
  1. Dale Mortensen[652] (PhD) - 2010
  2. Oliver Williamson[164] (PhD) - 2009
  3. Edward Prescott[481] (PhD) - 2004
  4. Finn Kydland[1033] (PhD) - 2004
  5. John F. Nash[585] (B.S, M.S) - 1994
  1. Lars P. Hansen[160] (Assoc Prof) - 2013
  2. Edward Prescott[481] (Prof) - 2004
  3. Finn Kydland[609] (Prof) - 2004*
  4. Robert Lucas Jr[475] (Prof) - 1995
  5. Merton Miller[146] (Prof) - 1990
  6. Franco Modigliani[546] (Prof) - 1985
  7. Herbert A. Simon[416] (Prof) - 1978*
  1. Thomas Sargent[140] (Res Assoc) - 2011
  2. Finn Kydland[609] (Vis Fel) - 2004
Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
École Normale Supérieure, France
Total: 20 (Univ Count: 13)[1034]

Notes: 1) Samuel Beckett is included in the following list but not the University Count.

Physics
  1. Serge Haroche[43] (B.A) - 2012
  2. Albert Fert[797] (B.A) - 2007
  3. Claude Cohen-Tannoudji[570] (B.A, PhD) - 1997
  4. Pierre de Gennes[349] (B.A) - 1991
  5. Louis Néel[798] (B.A) - 1970
  6. Alfred Kastler[799] (B.A, PhD) - 1966
  7. Jean Perrin[801] (B.A) - 1926
  8. Gabriel Lippmann[802] (UG Atten) - 1908
  1. Serge Haroche[43] (Prof) - 2012*
  2. Alfred Kastler[799] (Prof) - 1966*
  1. Theodor Hänsch[591] (Vis Prof) - 2005
  2. William D. Phillips[562] (Vis Prof) - 1997
  3. Richard E. Taylor[351][1035] (Vis Sch) - 1990
  4. Nico Bloembergen[29] (Vis Prof) - 1981
Chemistry
  1. Paul Sabatier[1024] (B.A) - 1912
  1. Ahmed Zewail[382] (Vis Prof) - 1999
  2. Walter Kohn[1036] (Vis Sch) - 1998
Economics
  1. Gérard Debreu[410] (UG Atten) - 1983
Literature
  1. Jean Sartre[818] (B.A, M.A) - 1964
  2. Henri Bergson[820] (B.A) - 1927
  3. Romain Rolland[821] (B.A) - 1915
  1. Samuel Beckett[1037] (Lect) - 1969
  2. Henri Bergson[820] (Lect) - 1927
Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
Goethe University Frankfurt (University of Frankfurt), Germany
Total: 20 (Univ Count: 18)[1038]
Physics
  1. Peter Grünberg[453] (B.A) - 2007
  2. Horst Störmer[511] (B.A) - 1998
  3. Gerd Binnig[596] (B.A, PhD) - 1986
  1. Max Born[229] (Prof) - 1954
  2. Max Laue[747] (Prof) - 1914*
  1. Hans Bethe[228] (Inst) - 1967
  2. Otto Stern[944] (Privatdozent) - 1943
Chemistry
  1. Lord Todd[251] (PhD) - 1957
  1. Hartmut Michel[847] (Adj Prof) - 1988
  2. Jean-Marie Lehn[86] (Heinrich Hertz Vis Prof) - 1987
  3. Karl Ziegler[465] (Lect) - 1963
  4. Paul Karrer[1012] (Res) - 1937
Physiology or Medicine
  1. Günter Blobel[853] (UG Atten) - 1999
  2. Christiane Volhard[1029] (UG Atten) - 1995
  1. Niels Jerne[645] (Prof) - 1984
  2. Paul Ehrlich[1038] (Prof) - 1908
  1. Ulf von Euler[933][1039] (Rockefeller Fel) - 1970
  2. Otto Loewi[855] (Res) - 1936
  3. Robert Bárány[1030] (Vis) - 1914
Economics
  1. Reinhard Selten[413] (B.A, PhD) - 1994
Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
London School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom
Total: 20 (Univ Count: 18)[1040]

Notes: 1) Óscar Arias and Harry Markowitz are included in the following list but not the University Count.

Economics
  1. Chris Pissarides[162] (PhD) - 2010
  2. Leonid Hurwicz[165] (UG Atten) - 2007
  3. Robert Mundell[483] (UG Atten) - 1999
  4. Ronald Coase[484] (B.Com) - 1991
  5. W. A. Lewis[701] (B.S, PhD) - 1979
  1. Oliver S. Hart[151] (Prof) - 2016
  2. Chris Pissarides[162] (Prof) - 2010*
  3. George Akerlof[407] (Prof) - 2001
  4. Amartya Sen[153] (Prof) - 1998
  5. Ronald Coase[484] (Reader) - 1991
  6. James Meade[297] (Prof) - 1977
  7. Friedrich Hayek[486] (Prof) - 1974
  1. Paul Krugman[1041] (Assoc) - 2008
  2. Harry Markowitz[477] (Vis Prof) - 1990
  3. Merton Miller[146] (Vis Asst Lect) - 1990
  4. Sir John Hicks[301] (Lect) - 1972
Literature
  1. G. Bernard Shaw[1040] (Founder) - 1925
  1. Bertrand Russell[176][1040] (Lect) - 1950
Peace
  1. Juan Santos[1042] (M.S) - 2016
  2. Óscar Arias[1043] (M.A) - 1987
  1. Philip Noel-Baker[1040] (Prof) - 1959
  1. Ralph Bunche[185] (PSD) - 1950
Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
University of Washington, United States
Total: 20
Physics
  1. David Thouless[199] (Prof) - 2016*
  2. Hans Dehmelt[834] (Prof) - 1989*
  1. Arthur B. McDonald[621] (Vis) - 2015
  2. David Wineland[20] (PSD) - 2012
  3. Hans Dehmelt[834] (Vis Asst Prof) - 1989
  4. William A. Fowler[224] (Walker-Ames Vis Prof) - 1983
  5. Hans Bethe[228] (Vis Prof) - 1967
  6. Arthur Compton[1044] (Walker-Ames Vis Prof) - 1927
Chemistry
  1. Walter Kohn[61] (Vis Sch) - 1998
Physiology or Medicine
  1. Jeffrey C. Hall[643][1045] (M.S, PhD) - 2017
  2. Linda Buck[115] (B.S) - 2004
  3. Martin Rodbell[885] (PhD) - 1994
  4. George Hitchings[104] (B.S) - 1988
  1. Linda Buck[115] (Prof) - 2004
  2. Leland Hartwell[578] (Prof) - 2001
  3. Edmond H. Fischer[1046] (Prof) - 1992*
  4. Edwin Krebs[956] (Prof) - 1992*
  5. Donnall Thomas[100] (Prof) - 1990
  1. Joseph L. Goldstein[126] (Special NIH Fel) - 1985
Economics
  1. George Stigler[479] (B.A) - 1982
  1. Douglass North[299] (Prof) - 1993
  2. William F. Sharpe[608] (Prof) - 1990
Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
University of Vienna, Austria
Total: 20 (Univ Count: 9)[1047]
Physics
  1. Erwin Schrödinger[1048] (PhD) - 1933
  1. Victor Hess[1049] (Asst Prof) - 1936
  2. Erwin Schrödinger[1048] (Asst Prof) - 1933
Chemistry
  1. Max Perutz[245] (B.S) - 1962
  2. Richard Kuhn[850] (UG Atten) - 1938
  3. Richard Zsigmondy[768] (UG Atten) - 1925
  1. Hans Fischer[766] (Prof) - 1930
Physiology or Medicine
  1. Karl von Frisch[858] (PhD) - 1973
  2. Konrad Lorenz[531] (M.D, PhD) - 1973
  3. Karl Landsteiner[910] (M.D) - 1930
  4. Julius Wagner-Jauregg[1050] (M.D) - 1927
  5. Robert Bárány[1030] (M.D) - 1914
  6. Allvar Gullstrand[1051][1052] (Med Atten) - 1911
  1. Otto Loewi[855] (Prof) - 1936
  2. Karl Landsteiner[910] (Prof) - 1930
  3. Robert Bárány[1030] (Prof) - 1914*
  1. Carl Cori[137] (PSD) - 1947
  2. Corneille Heymans[935] (Res) - 1938
  3. George Whipple[395] (Vis) - 1934
Economics
  1. Friedrich Hayek[486] (PhD) - 1974
Literature
  1. Elfriede Jelinek[1053] (UG Atten) - 2004
  2. Elias Canetti[1054] (PhD) - 1981
  3. Ivo Andric[1055] (UG Atten) - 1961

43rd

Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
Imperial College London, United Kingdom
Total: 20 (Univ Count: 14)[1056]

Notes: 1) Peter Higgs and Charles Kao are included in the following list but not the University Count.

2) Konrad Bloch was a Guggenheim Fellow at Imperial College London in 1961, but he is excluded because he does not classify this award-based position as appointment.[542]

Physics
  1. Abdus Salam[202] (Prof) - 1979*
  2. Dennis Gabor[1057] (Prof) - 1971
  3. Patrick Blackett[210] (Prof) - 1948
  4. George P. Thomson[212] (Prof) - 1937*
  1. Peter Higgs[923] (Res Fel) - 2013
  2. Charles Kao (Vis Prof) - 2009
  3. Steven Weinberg[39] (Vis) - 1979
Chemistry
  1. Geoffrey Wilkinson[75] (B.S, PhD) - 1973
  2. Derek Barton[88] (B.S, PhD) - 1969
  1. Geoffrey Wilkinson[75] (Prof) - 1973*
  2. Derek Barton[88] (Prof) - 1969*
  3. George Porter[242][1058] (Prof) - 1967
  1. Greg Winter[233] (PSD) - 2018
  2. Walter Kohn[61] (Vis Sch) - 1998
  3. Cyril Hinshelwood[1059] (Sr. Res Fel) - 1956
  4. Norman Haworth[839] (Demonstrator) - 1937
Physiology or Medicine
  1. Alexander Fleming[1060] (B.S, M.B) - 1945
  2. Frederick Hopkins[1061] (UG Atten) - 1929
  1. Rodney Porter[267] (Prof) - 1972
  2. Alexander Fleming[1060] (Prof) - 1945*
  3. Ernest Chain[292] (Prof) - 1945
  1. Stanley Prusiner[393] (Leverhulme Vis Prof) - 1997
  2. Andrew Huxley[1056] (Fel) - 1963

44th

Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
Northwestern University, United States
Total: 19
Chemistry
  1. Fraser Stoddart[1000] (Prof) - 2016*
  2. John Pople[237] (Prof) - 1998*
  1. Jean-Pierre Sauvage[1013] (Vis Sch) - 2016
  2. Aaron Ciechanover[80] (Vis Adj Prof) - 2004
Physiology or Medicine
  1. Robert Furchgott[973] (PhD) - 1998
  1. Ferid Murad[603] (Adj Prof) - 1998
Economics
  1. George Stigler[479] (M.B.A) - 1982
  1. Bengt Holmström[487] (Assoc Prof) - 2016
  2. Dale Mortensen[652] (Prof) - 2010*
  3. Roger Myerson[142] (Prof) - 2007
  4. Franco Modigliani[1062] (Prof) - 1985
  1. Lars P. Hansen[160] (Nemmers Vis Prof) - 2013
  2. Oliver Williamson[164] (Vis Prof) - 2009
  3. Leonid Hurwicz[165] (Vis Prof) - 2007
  4. Robert Aumann[412] (Nemmers Vis Prof) - 2005
  5. Edward Prescott[481] (Vis Prof) - 2004
  6. Robert Lucas Jr[475] (Vis Prof) - 1995
Literature
  1. Saul Bellow[491] (B.S) - 1976
Peace
  1. Ralph Bunche[185] (PSD) - 1950
Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Total: 19 (Univ Count: 21)[1063]

Notes: 1) The University Count of Edinburgh includes laureates with honorary degrees, which are not included in the following list.

2) Contrary to the University Count, Edward V. Appleton (former Principal), Alexander Fleming (former Rector) and Winston Churchill (former Rector) are excluded from the following list.[1063] These positions are administrative instead of academic positions.

Physics
  1. Igor Tamm[1064] (UG Atten) - 1958
  1. Peter Higgs[923] (Prof) - 2013*
  2. Max Born[229] (Prof) - 1954*
  3. Charles Barkla[232] (Prof) - 1917*
Chemistry
  1. Richard Henderson[234] (B.S) - 2017
  2. Fraser Stoddart[1000] (B.S, PhD) - 2016
  1. Peter D. Mitchell[240] (Prof) - 1978
  1. Kurt Wüthrich[381] (Vis Prof) - 2002
  2. Lord Todd[251] (Res) - 1957
  3. Vincent du Vigneaud[734] (NRC Fel) - 1955
Physiology or Medicine
  1. Robert G. Edwards[279] (PhD) - 2010
  2. Peter C. Doherty[1065] (PhD) - 1996
  1. Hermann J. Muller[535] (Prof) - 1946
  1. Michael Rosbash[577] (PSD) - 2017
  2. Edvard Moser[930] (PSD) - 2014
  3. May-Britt Moser[931] (PSD) - 2014
  4. Paul Nurse[906] (PSD) - 2001
Economics
  1. James Mirrlees[295] (M.A) - 1996
Peace
  1. Joseph Rotblat[1063] (Montague Vis Prof) - 1995
Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
University of Strasbourg, France
Total: 19

Notes: 1) This count includes affiliates of predecessor institutions before their reunification in 2009.

Physics
  1. Louis Néel[798] (PhD) - 1970
  2. Max Laue[747] (UG Atten) - 1914
  1. Louis Néel[798] (Prof) - 1970
  2. Karl Braun[749] (Prof) - 1909*
  3. Wilhelm Röntgen[846] (Prof) - 1901
  1. Pieter Zeeman[1066] (PSD) - 1902
Chemistry
  1. Jean-Marie Lehn[86] (B.S, PhD) - 1987
  2. Emil Fischer[763] (PhD) - 1902
  1. Jean-Pierre Sauvage[1013] (Prof) - 2016*
  2. Martin Karplus[54] (Prof) - 2013*
  3. Jean-Marie Lehn[86] (Prof) - 1987*
  4. Adolf von Baeyer[760] (Prof) - 1905
  1. Hermann Staudinger[848] (Lect) - 1953
  2. Hans Euler-Chelpin[755][1067] (Vis) - 1929
Physiology or Medicine
  1. Jules Hoffmann[1068] (B.S, PhD) - 2011
  2. Otto Loewi[855] (M.D) - 1936
  3. Otto Meyerhof[779] (Med Atten) - 1922
  4. Albrecht Kossel[781] (Med Atten) - 1910
  5. Paul Ehrlich[782] (Med Atten) - 1908
  6. Alphonse Laveran[1069] (M.D) - 1907
  1. Jules Hoffmann[1068] (Prof) - 2011*
  1. Albrecht Kossel[781] (Lect) - 1910
Peace
  1. Albert Schweitzer[1070] (M.D, PhD) - 1952
  2. Ludwig Quidde[844] (UG Atten) - 1927

47th

Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
Case Western Reserve University, United States
Total: 18 (Univ Count: 15)[1071]

Notes: 1) Corneille Heymans is included in the following list but not the University Count.

Physics
  1. Donald Glaser[343] (B.S) - 1960
  2. Polykarp Kusch[513] (B.S) - 1955
  1. Frederick Reines[339] (Prof) - 1995
  2. Albert Michelson[451] (Prof) - 1907
Chemistry
  1. Paul Berg[598] (PhD) - 1980
  1. George Olah[1072][1073] (Prof) - 1994
  1. Irwin Rose[456] (PSD) - 2004
  2. Peter Agre[881] (Med Trainee) - 2003
Physiology or Medicine
  1. Paul Lauterbur[1074] (B.S) - 2003
  2. Ferid Murad[603] (M.D, PhD) - 1998
  3. Alfred G. Gilman[714] (M.D, PhD) - 1994
  1. Earl Sutherland[1004] (Prof) - 1971
  2. Frederick Robbins[108] (Prof) - 1954*
  3. John J. R. Macleod[1075] (Prof) - 1923
  1. George Hitchings[104] (PSD) - 1988
  2. Corneille Heymans[935] (Res) - 1938
Economics
  1. Richard Thaler[480] (B.A) - 2017
  2. Edward Prescott[481] (M.A) - 2004
Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
Kyoto University, Japan
Total: 18
Physics
  1. Isamu Akasaki[1076] (B.S) - 2014
  2. Sin-Itiro Tomonaga[1077] (B.S) - 1965
  3. Hideki Yukawa[514] (B.S) - 1949
  1. Toshihide Maskawa[1078] (Prof) - 2008*
  2. Hideki Yukawa[514](Prof) - 1949*
  1. Makoto Kobayashi[1079] (Res Assoc) - 2008
  2. Theodor Hänsch[591] (Vis Prof) - 2005
  3. Anthony Leggett[46] (Res Assoc) - 2003
  4. Willis Lamb[337] (Vis Prof) - 1955
Chemistry
  1. Ryoji Noyori[82] (B.S, M.S, PhD) - 2001
  2. Kenichi Fukui[1080] (B.S) - 1981
  1. Kenichi Fukui[1080] (Prof) - 1981*
  1. Aaron Ciechanover[80] (Vis Prof) - 2004
  2. Alan MacDiarmid[236][1081] (Vis Prof) - 2000
  3. Ryoji Noyori[82] (Inst) - 2001
Physiology or Medicine
  1. Tasuku Honjo[1082] (M.D, PhD) - 2018
  2. Yoshinori Ohsumi[1083] (Grad Atten) - 2016
  3. Susumu Tonegawa[581] (B.S) - 1987
  1. Tasuku Honjo[1082] (Prof) - 2018*
  2. Shinya Yamanaka[1084] (Prof) - 2012*
Economics
  1. Oliver Williamson[164] (Vis Prof) - 2009
Peace
  1. Aung Suu Kyi[683] (Vis Sch) - 1991
Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
Technical University of Munich, Germany
Total: 18 (Univ Count: 17)[862]

Notes: 1) Eduard Buchner is included in the following list but not the University Count.

Physics
  1. Wolfgang Ketterle[567] (M.A) - 2001
  2. Wolfgang Paul[836] (UG Atten) - 1989
  3. Ernst Ruska[1085] (Atten) - 1986
  4. Rudolf Mössbauer[623] (B.A, PhD) - 1961
  1. Klaus von Klitzing[659] (Prof) - 1985
  2. Rudolf Mössbauer[623] (Prof) - 1961*
  3. Gustav Hertz[835][745] (Director) - 1925
Chemistry
  1. Joachim Frank[253] (PhD) - 2017
  2. Gerhard Ertl[380] (PhD) - 2007
  3. Johann Deisenhofer[1086] (M.S, PhD) - 1988
  4. Robert Huber[1087] (B.S, PhD) - 1988
  5. Ernst Otto Fischer[851] (B.A, PhD) - 1973
  6. Eduard Buchner[772][1088] (UG Atten) - 1907
  1. Ernst Otto Fischer[851] (Prof) - 1973*
  2. Hans Fischer[766] (Prof) - 1930*
  3. Heinrich Wieland[757] (Prof) - 1927
  1. Gerhard Ertl[380] (Lect) - 2007
  2. Rudolph Marcus[634] (Distinguished Adj Prof) - 1992
  3. Robert Huber[1087] (Apl. Prof) - 1988
Physiology or Medicine
  1. Erwin Neher[842] (PhD) - 1991
  2. Konrad Bloch[120] (B.S) - 1964
Literature
  1. Thomas Mann[862] (UG Atten) - 1929
Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
University of Leipzig (Karl Marx University), Germany
Total: 18
Physics
  1. Felix Bloch[52] (PhD) - 1952
  1. Werner Heisenberg[455] (Prof) - 1932*
  2. Gustav Hertz[745] (Prof) - 1925
  1. Sin-Itiro Tomonaga[1077] (PSD) - 1965
  2. Felix Bloch[52] (Privatdozent) - 1952
  3. Isidor Rabi[510] (Res Fel) - 1944
Chemistry
  1. Carl Bosch[984] (PhD) - 1931
  2. Friedrich Bergius[765] (PhD) - 1931
  1. Peter Debye[575] (Prof) - 1936
  2. Wilhelm Ostwald[93] (Prof) - 1909*
  1. Fritz Pregl[769][770] (Vis) - 1923
  2. Walther Nernst[758] (Res) - 1920
  3. Theodore W. Richards[71][771] (Vis) - 1914
Physiology or Medicine
  1. Bernard Katz[929] (M.D) - 1970
  1. Haldan Hartline[738][859] (Res Fel) - 1967
  2. John J. R. Macleod[1075] (Anderson Res Fel) - 1923
Literature
  1. Theodor Mommsen[789] (Prof) - 1902
Peace
  1. Gustav Stresemann[1089] (PhD) - 1926
  1. Nathan Söderblom[1090] (Prof) - 1930

Other universities (51st–)

See List of Nobel laureates by university affiliation II.

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 Normalized with respect to the total number of Nobel affiliates at Harvard University.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Linus Pauling won a Nobel Chemistry Prize and a Nobel Peace Prize.
  3. ↑ The unified University of Paris no longer exists since its dissolution in 1969. Its successor universities (numbered from 1 to 13) are here taken into consideration globally.
  4. ↑ Marie Curie won a Nobel Physics Prize and a Nobel Chemistry Prize.
  5. ↑ Overlap of affiliates among the three columns.
  6. ↑ These laureates are not counted as affiliates: Martin Chalfie (LMB Postdoc), Michael Smith (LMB Visitor), Roger Kornberg (LMB Postdoc), Sidney Altman (LMB Visitor), Andrew Fire (LMB Postdoc), Georges Köhler (LMB Postdoc), Robert Horvitz (LMB Postdoc).
  7. ↑ From 1931-1971 the lab was named "University of California Radiation Laboratory" (1931-1958) and "Lawrence Radiation Laboratory" (1958-1971), and was widely regarded as a part of the University of California, Berkeley. In 1971, the lab was renamed "Lawrence Berkeley Lab" with its Livermore branch becoming a separate lab "Lawrence Livermore Lab", both of which were counted as a part of the University of California. In 1995, the lab was renamed "Lawrence Berkeley National Lab" as a national lab of U.S. Department of Energy, being officially managed by the University of California.
  8. ↑ Even though the laboratory (as Project Y) was officially managed by University of California, Berkeley after its establishment in 1943, the initial appointments in the lab were for military purposes only and were not academic appointments. After the Manhattan Project the lab was renamed "Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory" in January 1, 1947, and in 1952 the lab became officially managed by the University of California when the latter was separated from UC Berkeley. In 1981, the lab was renamed "Los Alamos National Laboratory" as a national lab of U.S. Department of Energy.
  9. ↑ These laureates are not affiliates: John Gurdon (2006 Lecture), Lord Todd (1957 Lecture), Irving Langmuir (1946 Lecture), Peter Debye (1932 Lecture), etc.
  10. ↑ Although Alan Heeger, Brian Kobilka, Johann Deisenhofer and John Pople used Argonne lab facilities such as Advanced Photon Source (APS), they are not included in this list because they did not form official academic affiliations with Argonne lab.
  11. ↑ These laureates are not affiliates: Wilhelm Wien (1913 Lecture), Max Planck (1909 Lecture), Hendrik Lorentz (1905-06 Lecture).
  12. ↑ These laureates are not affiliates: Ernst Otto Fischer (1973 Lecture), Derek Barton (1958 Lecture), Lord Todd (1954 Lecture), etc.
  13. ↑ These laureates are not affiliates: Barry Sharpless (1987 Fairchild), Y. T. Lee (1983 Fairchild), John Polanyi (1982 Fairchild), Dudley Herschbach (1976 Fairchild).

References

  1. ↑ "All Nobel Prizes". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2016-11-08.
  2. ↑ "Nobel Prize Facts". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-28.
  3. ↑ "What are Guggenheim Fellowships?". John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation.
  4. 1 2 "About the Loeb and Lee Lecturships | Harvard University Department of Physics". www.physics.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2016-11-10.
  5. 1 2 "Visiting Miller Professorship". miller.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2017-11-22.
  6. ↑ "Programs for: | Fulbright Scholar Program". www.cies.org. Retrieved 2018-02-21.
  7. ↑ Hirsch, Jerry (2000-10-19). "Nobel Prize Inflation Hits University of Chicago". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2011-07-04.
  8. ↑ "Harvard Nobel Laureates". Retrieved 2016-12-14.
  9. ↑ "Our History | Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University". www.radcliffe.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2017-04-28.
  10. ↑ "Harvard Medical School - Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA". www.massgeneral.org. Retrieved 2018-02-15.
  11. ↑ "Boston Children's Hospital | HMS". hms.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2018-02-24.
  12. ↑ "About the Loeb and Lee Lecturships | Harvard University Department of Physics". www.physics.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2018-01-26.
  13. ↑ "Norton Lectures | Mahindra Humanities Center". mahindrahumanities.fas.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2016-11-10.
  14. ↑ "Norton Lectures | Mahindra Humanities Center". mahindrahumanities.fas.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2018-03-12.
  15. 1 2 3 "CV (Eric A. Cornell)" (PDF).
  16. 1 2 "Albert Szent-Györgyi - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-26.
  17. ↑ "Reminiscences on Albert Szent-Györgyi".
  18. ↑ Bar-Zohar, Michael (2007). Shimon Peres: The Biography. Random House. ISBN 9781400062928.
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Gerald Edelman CV" (PDF).
  20. 1 2 3 "David J. Wineland - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-17.
  21. 1 2 3 4 "CV (Adam Guy Riess)" (PDF).
  22. 1 2 "CV (Brian P. Schmidt)" (PDF).
  23. 1 2 3 "Biography (Saul Perlmutter)" (PDF).
  24. 1 2 3 4 "Roy J. Glauber - Biographical". Retrieved 2017-11-08.
  25. 1 2 3 4 "Politzer, H. David, 1949-". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2017-12-20.
  26. 1 2 3 4 "CV (David M. Lee)" (PDF).
  27. 1 2 "Taylor, Joseph H. (Joseph Hooton)". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2017-12-22.
  28. 1 2 3 4 5 "Wilson, Kenneth G. (Kenneth Geddes), 1936-2013". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2017-12-28.
  29. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Bloembergen, N." history.aip.org. Retrieved 2017-12-28.
  30. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "CV (Sheldon Lee Glashow)" (PDF).
  31. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Van Vleck, J. H. (John Hasbrouck), 1899-1980". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-02.
  32. 1 2 3 "Anderson, P. W. (Philip W.), 1923-". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-02.
  33. 1 2 3 "Ben R. Mottelson - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2016-11-16.
  34. 1 2 3 "Purcell, Edward M." history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-05.
  35. 1 2 "Bridgman, P. W. (Percy Williams), 1882-1961". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-05.
  36. 1 2 3 "Riccardo Giacconi - Curriculum Vitae". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-20.
  37. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Ramsey, Norman, 1915-2011". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2017-12-22.
  38. 1 2 Hoffmann, Ilire Hasani, Robert. "Academy of Europe: Rubbia Carlo". www.ae-info.org. Retrieved 2017-12-28.
  39. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "CV of Steven Weinberg" (PDF).
  40. 1 2 3 "Wilson, Robert Woodrow, 1936-". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2017-12-29.
  41. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Schwinger, Julian, 1918-1994". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-03.
  42. 1 2 3 4 5 "CV (J.M. Kosterlitz)" (PDF).
  43. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "CV (Serge Haroche)" (PDF).
  44. 1 2 3 "Gross, David J. (David Jonathan)". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2017-12-20.
  45. 1 2 3 4 5 "CV (FRANK WILCZEK)" (PDF).
  46. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Leggett, A. J. (Anthony J.)". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2017-12-20.
  47. 1 2 3 "Curriculum Vitae Gerard 't Hooft". www.staff.science.uu.nl. Retrieved 2017-12-21.
  48. 1 2 3 "The Loeb and Lee Lectureship Funds: 1953-1990".
  49. 1 2 3 4 "Penzias, Arno A." history.aip.org. Retrieved 2017-12-29.
  50. 1 2 3 4 5 "John Bardeen - Curriculum Vitae". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-02.
  51. 1 2 3 "Brattain, Walter H. (Walter Houser), 1902-1987". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-04.
  52. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Bloch, Felix, 1905-". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-05.
  53. 1 2 "Tropical and Molecular Parasitology: Seminar Series (Dr. George Smith, CV)".
  54. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Martin Karplus". Retrieved 2018-01-15.
  55. 1 2 3 4 5 "Thomas A Steitz, PhD > Biological & Biomedical Sciences | Yale University". bbs.yale.edu. Retrieved 2018-01-16.
  56. 1 2 "CV (Martin Chalfie)".
  57. 1 2 3 4 5 "Roger Y. Tsien - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-16.
  58. 1 2 3 4 5 Hoffmann, Ilire Hasani, Robert. "Academy of Europe: CV". www.ae-info.org. Retrieved 2018-01-17.
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  60. 1 2 3 "William S. Knowles - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-18.
  61. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Walter Kohn web page". web.physics.ucsb.edu. Retrieved 2018-01-19.
  62. 1 2 "Donald J. Cram - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-21.
  63. 1 2 3 4 5 "Dudley Herschbach". faculty.chemistry.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2018-01-22.
  64. 1 2 3 4 5 "Jerome Karle - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-22.
  65. 1 2 3 4 "CV (Roald Hoffmann)" (PDF).
  66. 1 2 3 4 "Walter Gilbert - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-23.
  67. 1 2 "Laureate - Walter Gilbert". www.mediatheque.lindau-nobel.org. Retrieved 2018-01-23.
  68. 1 2 3 "Christian Anfinsen - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-25.
  69. 1 2 3 4 5 "William H. Stein - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-25.
  70. 1 2 "James B. Sumner - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-30.
  71. 1 2 3 4 "Theodore W. Richards - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-03.
  72. 1 2 3 "Roderick MacKinnon - Our Scientists". Our Scientists. Retrieved 2018-01-17.
  73. 1 2 3 "Elias James Corey - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-20.
  74. 1 2 3 "William Lipscomb - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-24.
  75. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Geoffrey Wilkinson - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-24.
  76. 1 2 "Robert B. Woodward - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-26.
  77. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "CV (William E. Moerner)" (PDF).
  78. 1 2 "Arieh Warshel - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-15.
  79. ↑ "The early days of discovery". Harvard Magazine. Retrieved 12 October 2012.
  80. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "CV (Aaron Ciechanover)" (PDF).
  81. 1 2 3 4 5 "K. Barry Sharpless -- Curriculum Vitae". www.scripps.edu. Retrieved 2018-01-18.
  82. 1 2 3 "CV (Ryoji Noyori)" (PDF).
  83. ↑ Yun, Oliver (2005-11-22). "Profile of William S. Knowles". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 102 (47): 16913–16915. doi:10.1073/pnas.0507546102. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 1287994. PMID 16286647.
  84. 1 2 "Robert F. Curl Jr. - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-19.
  85. ↑ "Sidney Altman | Yale Department of Chemistry". chem.yale.edu. Retrieved 2018-01-21.
  86. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Jean-Marie Lehn - Curriculum Vitae". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-21.
  87. 1 2 3 4 "Yuan T. Lee - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-22.
  88. 1 2 3 "Derek Barton - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-25.
  89. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Mulliken, Robert Sanderson". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-26.
  90. ↑ "ROBERT BURNS WOODWARD" (PDF).
  91. ↑ Stein, Richard S. "Topics in chemical physics: Based on the Harvard lectures of Peter Debye (Prock, Alfred; McConkey, Gladys)". Journal of Chemical Education. 40 (9). doi:10.1021/ed040p502.1.
  92. ↑ Malmström, Bo G. (1992). Chemistry, 1981-1990. World Scientific. ISBN 9789810207892.
  93. 1 2 "Wilhelm Ostwald - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-03.
  94. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "James E Rothman, PhD > Rothman Lab | Cell Biology | Yale School of Medicine". medicine.yale.edu. Retrieved 2018-02-05.
  95. 1 2 Greenberg, Philip D. (2011-12-27). "Ralph M. Steinman: A man, a microscope, a cell, and so much more". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108 (52): 20871–20872. doi:10.1073/pnas.1119293109. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3248493. PMID 22158987.
  96. ↑ "CV (Mario R. Capecchi)" (PDF).
  97. ↑ "CV (Craig C. Mello)" (PDF).
  98. 1 2 3 "H. Robert Horvitz - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-10.
  99. ↑ "Eric R. Kandel - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-11.
  100. 1 2 3 4 "E. Donnall Thomas - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-13.
  101. ↑ "Joseph E. Murray - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-13.
  102. 1 2 3 "CV (Harold E. Varmus)" (PDF).
  103. 1 2 "J. Michael Bishop - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-13.
  104. 1 2 3 4 "George H. Hitchings - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-14.
  105. 1 2 Mitchison, N. Avrion (2003). "George D. Snell (1903–1996)". Biographical Memoirs (PDF). 83. National Academies Press. Retrieved 5 March 2018.
  106. 1 2 "D. Carleton Gajdusek - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-17.
  107. 1 2 3 "Charles B. Huggins - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-22.
  108. 1 2 3 "Frederick C. Robbins - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-24.
  109. 1 2 3 "John F. Enders - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-23.
  110. 1 2 3 "Thomas H. Weller - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-24.
  111. 1 2 3 "Edward A. Doisy - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-25.
  112. 1 2 3 "George R. Minot - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-27.
  113. 1 2 "William P. Murphy - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-27.
  114. 1 2 "Jack W. Szostak - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-06.
  115. 1 2 3 4 "Linda B. Buck - Curriculum Vitae". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-10.
  116. 1 2 "David H. Hubel - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-15.
  117. 1 2 3 4 "Torsten N. Wiesel - Our Scientists". Our Scientists. Retrieved 2018-02-15.
  118. 1 2 3 4 "Baruj Benacerraf - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-15.
  119. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "George Wald - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-22.
  120. 1 2 3 4 5 "Konrad Bloch - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-22.
  121. 1 2 3 4 5 "James Watson - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-23.
  122. ↑ "Georg von Békésy - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-23.
  123. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "George Beadle - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-23.
  124. 1 2 3 4 5 "Fritz Lipmann - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-24.
  125. ↑ "John Michael Bishop - Biography - A History of UCSF". history.library.ucsf.edu. Retrieved 2018-02-15.
  126. 1 2 "Joseph L. Goldstein - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-15.
  127. 1 2 "Biographical Information for Dr. Michael S. Brown in the Brown/Goldstein Laboratory in the Department of Molecular Genetics at University of Texas Southwestern". www4.utsouthwestern.edu. Retrieved 2018-02-15.
  128. ↑ "Bengt I. Samuelsson - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-15.
  129. 1 2 3 4 "Vita". Roger Wolcott Sperry. 2012-08-12. Retrieved 2018-02-15.
  130. 1 2 3 4 "Jean Dausset - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-15.
  131. 1 2 "CV (RICHARD JOHN ROBERTS)" (PDF).
  132. ↑ "Allan M. Cormack - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-16.
  133. 1 2 "1979: Allan MacLeod Cormack (1924-1998) | StJohns". www.joh.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 2018-02-16.
  134. 1 2 3 4 5 "Francis Crick - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-23.
  135. ↑ Francis, Crick, (1958-04-01). "Letter from Francis Crick to James J. Lingane, Harvard University Chemistry Department". profiles.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2018-02-23.
  136. ↑ "Max Theiler - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-24.
  137. 1 2 3 "Carl and Gerty Cori and Carbohydrate Metabolism - American Chemical Society". American Chemical Society. Retrieved 2018-02-24.
  138. 1 2 3 4 5 "CV (Lloyd S. Shapely)".
  139. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "CV (Christopher A. Sims)" (PDF).
  140. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "CV (Thomas J. Sargent)" (PDF).
  141. 1 2 3 4 5 "CV (Eric S. Maskin)" (PDF).
  142. 1 2 3 "CV (Roger B. Myerson)" (PDF).
  143. 1 2 3 4 "CV (Thomas Schelling)" (PDF).
  144. 1 2 3 4 "CV (VERNON L. SMITH)" (PDF).
  145. 1 2 3 4 5 "A. Michael Spence". Stanford Graduate School of Business. Retrieved 2017-12-11.
  146. 1 2 3 4 5 "Merton Miller | The University of Chicago Booth School of Business". research.chicagobooth.edu. Retrieved 2017-12-13.
  147. 1 2 3 "Robert M. Solow - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  148. 1 2 "James Tobin - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  149. 1 2 "Bertil Ohlin - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  150. 1 2 3 "Paul A. Samuelson - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  151. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "CV (Oliver Hart)" (PDF).
  152. 1 2 3 4 5 "CV (Alvin E. Roth)" (PDF).
  153. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "CV (Amartya Sen)" (PDF).
  154. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Curriculum Vitae - Robert C. Merton". Robert C. Merton. Retrieved 2017-12-11.
  155. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "CV (Robert W. Fogel)" (PDF).
  156. 1 2 "Wassily Leontief - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  157. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Kenneth J. Arrow - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  158. 1 2 3 4 "Simon Kuznets - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  159. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "CV (Jean Tirole)" (PDF).
  160. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "CV (Lars Peter Hanson)" (PDF).
  161. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "CV (Robert Shiller)" (PDF).
  162. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "CV (Christopher A. Pissarides)" (PDF).
  163. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "CV (Peter A. Diamond)".
  164. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "CV (Oliver E. Williamson)" (PDF).
  165. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Biography (Leonid Hurwicz)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-10-25.
  166. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "CV (Daniel Kahneman)" (PDF).
  167. ↑ "Harvard. Advanced Economic Theory. Franco Modigliani, 1957-8 - Economics in the Rear-View Mirror". Economics in the Rear-View Mirror. 2016-09-06. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  168. 1 2 3 "T.S. Eliot - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-14.
  169. ↑ "T. S. (Thomas Stearns) Eliot: An Inventory of His Collection in the Manuscript Collection at the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center". norman.hrc.utexas.edu. Retrieved 2016-11-06.
  170. 1 2 "Eugene O'Neill - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2016-11-03.
  171. 1 2 "Heaney's death caught 'the heart off guard'". Harvard Gazette. 2013-08-30. Retrieved 2018-03-12.
  172. ↑ "Mario Vargas Llosa Awarded Nobel Prize in Literature". {
  173. ↑ Attwell, David (2015-09-17). J.M. Coetzee & the Life of Writing: Face to Face with Time. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198746331.
  174. 1 2 "J. M. Coetzee: Biography". web.cocc.edu. Retrieved 2018-03-11.
  175. ↑ "Walcott Wins Nobel Lit. Prize".
  176. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Irvine, Andrew David (2017). Zalta, Edward N., ed. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2017 ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University.
  177. ↑ Lenzen, Victor F. "BERTRAND RUSSELL AT HARVARD, 1914".
  178. ↑ University, Harvard (1912). Harvard University Catalogue. The University.
  179. ↑ "Professor Eucken's First Lecture | News | The Harvard Crimson". www.thecrimson.com. Retrieved 2018-03-14.
  180. ↑ "Juan Manuel Santos, Kennedy School alumnus and Nieman fellow, wins Nobel Peace Prize". Harvard Gazette. 2016-10-07. Retrieved 2018-03-07.
  181. ↑ "Ellen Johnson Sirleaf - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-07.
  182. 1 2 "Barack Obama: Life Before the Presidency | Miller Center". Miller Center. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2018-03-08.
  183. ↑ "10 Things You Didn't Know About Al Gore". US News.
  184. 1 2 "Henry Kissinger - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-10.
  185. 1 2 3 4 5 "Ralph Bunche - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-10.
  186. ↑ "Theodore Roosevelt - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-11.
  187. ↑ "South Korea's Harvard connection". Christian Science Monitor. 1983-04-18. ISSN 0882-7729. Retrieved 2018-03-08.
  188. ↑ Kirk, D. (2009-12-07). Korea Betrayed: Kim Dae Jung and Sunshine. Springer. ISBN 9780230101845.
  189. ↑ "Cambridge Nobel Prize". University of Cambridge.
  190. ↑ "Master & Fellows – Trinity College Cambridge". www.trin.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 2018-03-15.
  191. ↑ "Master & Fellowship – Churchill College". www.chu.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 2018-03-15.
  192. ↑ "Categories and titles of Churchill College Fellowships. – Churchill College". www.chu.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  193. ↑ "Nobel Prize Winners – Churchill College". www.chu.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 2018-01-25.
  194. ↑ "Visiting Fellows | Clare Hall". www.clarehall.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 2018-03-13.
  195. ↑ "History of the LMB - MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology". MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology. Retrieved 2018-01-16.
  196. ↑ "Fast Facts - MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology". MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology. Retrieved 2018-01-16.
  197. ↑ "Postdoctoral Opportunities - MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology". MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology. Retrieved 2018-03-15.
  198. 1 2 3 "John C. Kendrew - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-26.
  199. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Thouless, D. J." history.aip.org. Retrieved 2017-12-16.
  200. 1 2 3 "Haldane, F. Duncan M." history.aip.org. Retrieved 2017-12-16.
  201. 1 2 3 "Subramanyan Chandrasekhar - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-28.
  202. 1 2 3 "Abdus Salam - Curriculum Vitae". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-29.
  203. 1 2 "Pyotr Kapitsa - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-29.
  204. 1 2 3 4 5 "Sir Nevill F. Mott - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-02.
  205. 1 2 Hoffmann, Ilire Hasani, Robert. "Academy of Europe: Hewish Antony". www.ae-info.org. Retrieved 2018-01-02.
  206. 1 2 3 4 "Brian D. Josephson - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-02.
  207. ↑ "Ernest T.S. Walton - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-05.
  208. 1 2 3 "Cockcroft, John, Sir, 1897-1967". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-05.
  209. ↑ "Cecil Powell - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-05.
  210. 1 2 3 4 "Blackett, P. M. S., Baron Blackett (Patrick Maynard Stuart), 1897-1974". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-05.
  211. 1 2 "Appleton, Edward Victor, Sir, 1892-1965". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-05.
  212. 1 2 3 4 5 "George Paget Thomson - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-06.
  213. 1 2 3 "Chadwick, James, 1891-1974". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-07.
  214. 1 2 3 4 "Dirac, P. A. M. (Paul Adrien Maurice), 1902-1984". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-07.
  215. 1 2 3 4 "Owen Willans Richardson - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-07.
  216. 1 2 "Owen Richardson (A Cambridge Alumni Database)".
  217. 1 2 3 "C.T.R. Wilson - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-07.
  218. 1 2 3 "Bragg, William Lawrence, Sir, 1890-1971". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-09.
  219. 1 2 3 "View source for List of Nobel laureates by university affiliation". Wikipedia.
  220. 1 2 3 "J.J. Thomson - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-10.
  221. 1 2 "Lord Rayleigh - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-10.
  222. 1 2 "Martin Ryle - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-02.
  223. ↑ "Research history". www.kings.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 2018-04-22.
  224. 1 2 3 4 5 "Fowler, William A." history.aip.org. Retrieved 2017-12-28.
  225. ↑ "Giaever, Ivar". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-02.
  226. ↑ "Ivar Giaever - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-13.
  227. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "CV (Murray Gell-Mann)" (PDF).
  228. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Bethe, Hans A. (Hans Albrecht), 1906-2005". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-03.
  229. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Born, Max, 1882-1970". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-04.
  230. 1 2 3 4 5 "Compton, Arthur Holly, 1892-1962". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-07.
  231. 1 2 3 4 "Bohr, Niels, 1885-1962". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-08.
  232. 1 2 "Barkla, C. G. (Charles Glover), 1877-1944". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-09.
  233. 1 2 3 4 "Professor Sir Gregory P. Winter". King Faisal Prize. Retrieved 2018-10-03.
  234. 1 2 3 4 5 "Curriculum Vitae". www2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 2018-01-14.
  235. 1 2 3 "CV (Michael Levitt)".
  236. 1 2 3 4 "Alan G. MacDiarmid - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-18.
  237. 1 2 3 4 "John Pople - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-19.
  238. 1 2 "Aaron Klug - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-22.
  239. 1 2 "Frederick Sanger - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-23.
  240. 1 2 3 "Peter Mitchell - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-23.
  241. 1 2 3 "George Porter - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-26.
  242. 1 2 "Obituary: Lord Porter". 2002-09-02. Retrieved 2018-01-26.
  243. 1 2 "Ronald G.W. Norrish - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-26.
  244. 1 2 3 "Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-26.
  245. 1 2 3 "Max F. Perutz - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-26.
  246. ↑ "Archer J.P. Martin - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-28.
  247. ↑ "Richard L.M. Synge - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-28.
  248. 1 2 3 "Ernest Rutherford - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-03.
  249. 1 2 3 "CV (Venkatraman Ramakrishnan)" (PDF).
  250. 1 2 3 "John Walker | MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit". www.mrc-mbu.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 2018-01-19.
  251. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Lord Todd - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-27.
  252. ↑ "Aston, Francis William, 1877-1945". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-02-02.
  253. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "CV (Joachim Frank)" (PDF).
  254. ↑ "Thomas A. Steitz - Facts". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-15.
  255. 1 2 3 "Stanford Moore - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-25.
  256. 1 2 3 "Luis Leloir - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-25.
  257. ↑ "Biography: Luis F. Leloir". beckerexhibits.wustl.edu. Retrieved 2018-01-25.
  258. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Lars Onsager - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-25.
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  260. 1 2 3 4 "Fritz Haber - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-02.
  261. ↑ "Fritz Haber (1868-1934)" (PDF).
  262. 1 2 3 "CV (Elizabeth H. Blackburn)" (PDF).
  263. 1 2 "Sir Martin J. Evans - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-07.
  264. ↑ "John E. Sulston - Curriculum Vitae". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-10.
  265. ↑ "Tim Hunt - Curriculum Vitae". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-11.
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  268. 1 2 3 "Alan L. Hodgkin - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-23.
  269. 1 2 3 "Andrew F. Huxley - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-23.
  270. ↑ Gellene, Denise (2012-06-04). "Andrew Huxley, Nobel-Winning Physiologist, Dies at 94". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-02-23.
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  272. 1 2 "Sir Howard Florey - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-24.
  273. ↑ "The Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Papers: Biographical Information". profiles.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2018-02-26.
  274. 1 2 "Sir Henry Dale - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-26.
  275. 1 2 3 "Sir Charles Sherrington - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-28.
  276. 1 2 "Edgar Adrian - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-28.
  277. 1 2 3 4 "Archibald V. Hill - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-28.
  278. 1 2 3 4 "Sir John B. Gurdon - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-05.
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  281. ↑ "Professor Sydney Brenner FRS". www.kings.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 2018-03-15.
  282. ↑ "César Milstein - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-15.
  283. 1 2 "Sir Frederick Hopkins - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2016-11-13.
  284. 1 2 3 "William C. Campbell - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-04.
  285. 1 2 3 4 "Paul Greengard - Our Scientists". Our Scientists. Retrieved 2018-02-11.
  286. 1 2 3 4 5 "Edward B. Lewis - Curriculum Vitae". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-13.
  287. 1 2 3 4 "H. Gobind Khorana - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-21.
  288. ↑ "Visual Pigments in Single Rods and Cones of the Human Retina" (PDF).
  289. ↑ Bowen, E. (2012-12-02). Recent Progress in Photobiology. Elsevier. ISBN 9780323151658.
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  291. 1 2 3 4 5 "Hans Krebs - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-24.
  292. 1 2 3 4 "Ernst B. Chain - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-24.
  293. 1 2 3 4 "CV (Angus Stewart Deaton)" (PDF).
  294. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "CV (Joseph Stiglitz)" (PDF).
  295. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "James A. Mirrlees - Curriculum Vitae". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-12.
  296. 1 2 "Richard Stone - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  297. 1 2 3 4 "James E. Meade - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  298. 1 2 3 4 5 "CV (William Nordhaus)".
  299. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Douglass C. North | Department of Economics | University of Washington". econ.washington.edu. Retrieved 2017-12-12.
  300. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "CV (Milton Friedman)" (PDF). www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  301. 1 2 3 4 "John R. Hicks - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  302. ↑ "Patrick White - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-13.
  303. 1 2 "Former Simón Bolívar Professors | Centre of Latin American Studies". www.latin-american.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 2018-03-11.
  304. ↑ "Research Focus | Clare Hall". www.clarehall.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 2018-03-13.
  305. 1 2 Glad, John; Foundation, Wheatland (1990). Literature in Exile. Duke University Press.
  306. 1 2 "Philip Noel-Baker - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-10.
  307. 1 2 "Chamberlain, Joseph Austen". Cambridge Alumni System.
  308. ↑ Han, Sang-Jin; Dae-Jung, Kim; Weizsaecker, Richard Von (2015-12-22). Divided Nations and Transitional Justice: What Germany, Japan and South Korea Can Teach the World. Routledge. ISBN 9781317261032.
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  310. ↑ "UC Berkeley - Nobel Laureates". Retrieved 2016-01-13.
  311. ↑ "Lawrence Radiation Laboratory". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-03-02.
  312. ↑ "University of California History Digital Archives: Berkeley Departments and Programs - P." www.lib.berkeley.edu. John Douglass, Sally Thomas. Retrieved 2018-03-02.
  313. ↑ "Pion scattering from a polarized target". Physics Letters. 7 (4): 293–295. 1963-12-01. doi:10.1016/0031-9163(63)90338-X. ISSN 0031-9163.
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  316. ↑ "Lawrence Livermore Laboratory". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-03-03.
  317. ↑ "Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-03-02.
  318. ↑ "Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) | UCOP". www.ucop.edu. Retrieved 2018-04-06.
  319. ↑ "Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-04-06.
  320. ↑ "Los Alamos National Laboratory". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-04-06.
  321. ↑ Energy, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the U.S. Department of. "Our History". www.lanl.gov. Retrieved 2018-04-06.
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  323. ↑ "Charles M. and Martha Hitchcock Lectures | Series | Berkeley Graduate Lectures". gradlectures.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2018-02-01.
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  327. ↑ "Hans Bethe". Atomic Heritage Foundation. Retrieved 2018-03-01.
  328. ↑ LEDERBERG, JOSHUA. "UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON ARCHIVES ORAL HJSTORY PROJECT" (PDF).
  329. ↑ "James J. Heckman - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-01.
  330. ↑ "Transcript from an interview with the 2004 Nobel Laureates in Chemistry Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko and Irwin Rose, on 9 December 2004". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-04-05.
  331. ↑ Klinman, Judith P. (2015-08-25). "Irwin Rose (1926–2015)". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112 (34): 10568–10569. doi:10.1073/pnas.1512507112. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4553760. PMID 26216982.
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  333. 1 2 "CV (John C Mather)".
  334. 1 2 3 "R. B. Laughlin - Professional History". large.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2017-12-21.
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  337. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Lamb, Willis E. (Willis Eugene), 1913-2008". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-04.
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  342. 1 2 3 4 5 "Townes, Charles H." history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-03.
  343. 1 2 3 4 "Glaser, D. A." history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-04.
  344. 1 2 "Segrè, Emilio". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-04.
  345. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Lawrence, Ernest Orlando, 1901-1958". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-06.
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  347. ↑ "Arthur Holly Compton: Systemwide". California Digital Library. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
  348. ↑ "David J. Thouless - Facts". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-16.
  349. 1 2 3 4 "Pierre-Gilles de Gennes - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-22.
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  352. 1 2 3 4 "Steinberger, J." history.aip.org. Retrieved 2017-12-22.
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  354. ↑ "James Cronin - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-28.
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  357. 1 2 Research Bulletin. Robert A. Welch Foundation. 1957.
  358. 1 2 3 "Tsung-Dao Lee's Home Page". tdlee.ccast.ac.cn. Retrieved 2018-01-04.
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  360. ↑ "Felix Bloch". Atomic Heritage Foundation. Retrieved 2018-02-16.
  361. ↑ "Otto Stern" (PDF).
  362. 1 2 3 4 5 "Frances H. Arnold". Caltech.
  363. 1 2 "Alan Heeger - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-18.
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  365. 1 2 "CV (Kary Banks Mullis)" (PDF).
  366. 1 2 "CV (Thomas R. Cech)" (PDF).
  367. 1 2 3 4 5 "Henry Taube - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-22.
  368. 1 2 3 4 5 "Willard F. Libby - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-26.
  369. 1 2 3 4 "Glenn T. Seaborg - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-28.
  370. 1 2 "Giauque, William F. (William Francis), 1895-1982". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-29.
  371. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Urey, Harold Clayton, 1893-1981". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-02-01.
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  374. ↑ "Thomas A. Steitz - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2016-11-16.
  375. 1 2 3 "Melvin Calvin - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-26.
  376. 1 2 3 4 5 "Edwin M. McMillan - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-28.
  377. 1 2 3 "John H. Northrop - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-30.
  378. 1 2 3 4 "Wendell M. Stanley - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-30.
  379. 1 2 "All Visiting Professors: By Term". miller.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2018-02-28.
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  381. 1 2 3 4 5 dr. "The Wüthrich Laboratory". www.scripps.edu. Retrieved 2018-01-18.
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  383. 1 2 3 "Jaroslav Heyrovský a Spojené státy americké (Jaroslav Heyrovsky and the United States of America)" (PDF).
  384. 1 2 3 "Heyrovsky— Nobel Prizewinner in Chemistry". Analytical Chemistry. 31 (12): 51A–74A. doi:10.1021/ac60156a721.
  385. 1 2 "Early Career at the California Institute of Technology (1927-1930) - Pauling Chronology - Ava Helen and Linus Pauling Papers - Special Collections & Archives Research Center, Oregon State University Libraries". scarc.library.oregonstate.edu. Retrieved 2018-01-28.
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  387. 1 2 3 4 "Andrew Z. Fire - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-10.
  388. 1 2 3 "JCVI: About / Bios / Hamilton O. Smith". www.jcvi.org. Retrieved 2018-02-16.
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  390. 1 2 3 4 5 "Joseph Erlanger - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-24.
  391. 1 2 3 "James P. Allison". MD Anderson Cancer Center. Retrieved 2018-10-01.
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  393. 1 2 3 4 "CV (Stanley B. Prusiner)" (PDF).
  394. 1 2 3 4 "George H. Whipple - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-27.
  395. 1 2 "George H. Whipple (1878—1976)" (PDF).
  396. 1 2 "Sydney Brenner - Curriculum Vitae". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-10.
  397. 1 2 3 4 Hoffmann, Ilire Hasani, Robert. "Academy of Europe: CV". www.ae-info.org. Retrieved 2018-02-16.
  398. ↑ Greenberg, Arthur J.; Ayres, David S.; Cormack, Allan M.; Kenney, Robert W.; Caldwell, David O.; Elings, Virgil B.; Hesse, William P.; Morrison, Rollin J. "Charged-Pion Lifetime and a Limit on a Fundamental Length". Physical Review Letters. 23 (21): 1267–1270. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.23.1267.
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  402. 1 2 "Thomas H. Morgan (1866—1945)" (PDF).
  403. ↑ "Robert E. Lucas Jr. - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2016-11-16.
  404. ↑ "Biography (William F. Sharpe)".
  405. 1 2 3 4 5 "Lawrence R. Klein - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  406. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "About Paul Romer – Paul Romer". paulromer.net. Retrieved 2018-10-08.
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  408. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Daniel McFadden". eml.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2018-02-20.
  409. 1 2 "John C. Harsanyi - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-12.
  410. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Gerard Debreu - Curriculum Vitae". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
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  413. 1 2 "CV (Reinhard Selten)" (PDF).
  414. 1 2 Vane, Howard R.; Mulhearn, Chris (2005). The Nobel Memorial Laureates in Economics: An Introduction to Their Careers and Main Published Works. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISBN 9781845426897.
  415. 1 2 3 Breit, William; Hirsch, Barry T. (2009). Lives of the Laureates: Twenty-three Nobel Economists. MIT Press. ISBN 9780262012768.
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  418. ↑ Findlay, Ronald; Jonung, Lars; Lundahl, Mats (2002). Bertil Ohlin: A Centennial Celebration, 1899-1999. MIT Press. ISBN 9780262062282.
  419. ↑ "Czeslaw Milosz - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-13.
  420. 1 2 "Seamus Heaney - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2016-11-16.
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  422. ↑ "Octavio Paz: cartas de Berkeley". Letras Libres (in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-03-13.
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  425. ↑ "Affiliated Laboratories". The University of Chicago. Retrieved 2017-10-04.
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  427. 1 2 "University of Chicago Staff, 1939-1955". cowles.yale.edu. Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  428. ↑ "Max Born - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-04-05.
  429. ↑ Chicago, University of (1912). Announcements.
  430. 1 2 3 "Hermann J. Muller - Guggenheim Fellows".
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  433. ↑ Kirk, Russell (2014-04-22). Eliot and His Age: T. S. Eliot's Moral Imagination in the Twentieth Century. Open Road Media. ISBN 9781497635739.
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  440. 1 2 "Yang, Chen Ning, 1922-". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-04.
  441. 1 2 3 "Davisson, Clinton Joseph, 1881-1958". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-06.
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  443. ↑ "Abrikosov, A. A. (Alekseĭ Alekseevich)". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2017-12-20.
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  448. 1 2 3 "Fermi, Enrico, 1901-1954". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-06.
  449. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Franck, James, 1882-1964". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-08.
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  451. 1 2 "Michelson, Albert A. (Albert Abraham), 1852-1931". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-10.
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  455. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Heisenberg, Werner, 1901-1976". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-07.
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  457. ↑ "The Rowland Blake Group UCI". ps.uci.edu. Retrieved 2018-01-20.
  458. 1 2 "Herbert C. Brown - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-23.
  459. 1 2 3 "Prof. Paul J. Crutzen". cacgp.chemistry.uoc.gr. Retrieved 2018-01-20.
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  461. 1 2 "Gerhard Herzberg - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-25.
  462. 1 2 3 "CV (ADA YONATH)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-04-29.
  463. 1 2 3 "The Smalley Group - Rice University". cohesion.rice.edu. Retrieved 2018-01-19.
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  465. 1 2 3 4 "Karl Ziegler - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-26.
  466. ↑ Todd, Alexander (November 17, 1983). A Time to Remember: The Autobiography of a Chemist. Cambridge University Press. p. 110. ISBN 0521255937.
  467. ↑ "Lord Todd - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-27.
  468. 1 2 3 4 "Bruce Beutler, M.D. - Faculty Profile - UT Southwestern". profiles.utsouthwestern.edu. Retrieved 2018-02-05.
  469. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Edward Tatum - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-23.
  470. ↑ "Edward Lawrie Tatum" (PDF). National Academy of Sciences.
  471. 1 2 "Our Nobel Laureates - UChicago Medicine". www.uchospitals.edu. Retrieved 2018-02-22.
  472. 1 2 "Alexis Carrel - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-28.
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  474. 1 2 3 "Myron S. Scholes". Stanford Graduate School of Business. Retrieved 2017-12-11.
  475. 1 2 3 4 5 "CV (Robert E. Lucas)" (PDF).
  476. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "CV (Gary S. Becker)".
  477. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Curriculum Vitae - Harry Markowitz". Harry Markowitz. Retrieved 2017-12-13.
  478. 1 2 "James M. Buchanan Jr. - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  479. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "George J. Stigler - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  480. 1 2 3 4 5 "CV (Richard Thaler)" (PDF).
  481. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "CV (Edward C. Prescott)" (PDF).
  482. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "CV (James Heckman)" (PDF).
  483. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "C.V. of Robert Mundell". www.columbia.edu. Retrieved 2017-12-11.
  484. 1 2 3 Benham, Alexandra. "Ronald Coase: CV". www.coase.org. Retrieved 2017-12-13.
  485. 1 2 "Theodore W. Schultz - Cirriculum Vitae". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  486. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Friedrich August von Hayek - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  487. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "CV (Bengt Holmstrom)".
  488. 1 2 "Robert A. Mundell - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-11.
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  490. 1 2 3 "Tjalling C. Koopmans - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  491. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Saul Bellow - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-13.
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  524. 1 2 "Herbert A. Hauptman - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-22.
  525. 1 2 3 "CV (Robert H. Grubbs)" (PDF).
  526. 1 2 "Irving Langmuir - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-01.
  527. ↑ "Martin Karplus - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-15.
  528. 1 2 3 "Richard Axel, M.D." www.axellab.columbia.edu. Retrieved 2018-02-10.
  529. 1 2 3 "Louis J. Ignarro - Curriculum Vitae". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-11.
  530. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Baruch S. Blumberg - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-17.
  531. 1 2 "Konrad Lorenz" (PDF).
  532. 1 2 3 4 5 "Joshua Lederberg - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2016-11-16.
  533. 1 2 3 "Dickinson W. Richards - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-23.
  534. 1 2 3 "Edward C. Kendall - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-24.
  535. 1 2 3 "Hermann J. Muller - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-24.
  536. 1 2 3 "Eric R. Kandel - Curriculum Vitae". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-11.
  537. 1 2 "André F. Cournand - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-23.
  538. 1 2 3 "Thomas H. Morgan - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-27.
  539. ↑ "Sune K. Bergström - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-15.
  540. 1 2 3 4 "Daniel Nathans - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-16.
  541. 1 2 3 4 "Salvador E. Luria - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-21.
  542. 1 2 3 4 Bohning, James H. (22 March 1993). Konrad E. Bloch, Transcript of an Interview Conducted by James H. Bohning at Harvard University on 22 March 1993 (PDF). Philadelphia, PA: Chemical Heritage Foundation.
  543. ↑ Center for Oral History. "Joshua Lederberg". Science History Institute.
  544. 1 2 3 "William Vickrey - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-12.
  545. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "CV (Edmund S. Phelps)" (PDF).
  546. 1 2 3 4 5 "Franco Modigliani - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  547. 1 2 "Orhan Pamuk - CU Global ThoughtCU Global Thought". cgt.columbia.edu. Retrieved 2018-03-11.
  548. 1 2 "Columbia University Press Releases -- Nobel Winners". www.columbia.edu. Retrieved 2018-03-12.
  549. 1 2 "Nadine Gordimer Biography". biography.jrank.org. Retrieved 2016-11-04.
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  551. 1 2 "Nicholas Murray Butler - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-11.
  552. ↑ "Presidents Roosevelt Awarded Posthumous J.D.s". Columbia Law School. Retrieved 2018-03-11.
  553. ↑ "Barnard Welcomes Nobel Laureate Leymah Gbowee as Distinguished Fellow in Social Justice". Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  554. ↑ "Liu Xiaobo - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-08.
  555. ↑ "Columbia News ::: Former Vice President Al Gore to Teach at Columbia's School of Journalism". www.columbia.edu. Retrieved 2017-10-12.
  556. ↑ "Mario R. Capecchi - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-06.
  557. ↑ "Paul Greengard - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-04-28.
  558. ↑ "Arthur D. Little,Inc.: Exhibits: Institute Archives & Special Collections: MIT". libraries.mit.edu. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
  559. ↑ "Postdoc T.Y. Shen Honors his Wife | MIT Department of Chemistry". chemistry.mit.edu. Retrieved 2018-01-25.
  560. 1 2 3 "MIT Department of Physics". web.mit.edu. Retrieved 2017-12-15.
  561. 1 2 3 "CV (Carl Edwin Wieman)" (PDF).
  562. 1 2 3 4 "CV (William D. Phillips)" (PDF).
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  565. 1 2 3 4 "Feynman, Richard P. (Richard Phillips), 1918-1988". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-03.
  566. 1 2 3 4 5 "Shockley, William, 1910-1989". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-04.
  567. 1 2 3 4 5 "CV (Wolfgang Ketterle)" (PDF).
  568. 1 2 3 "Shull, Clifford Glenwood". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2017-12-22.
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  570. 1 2 3 "Cohen-Tannoudji Claude". www.phys.ens.fr. Retrieved 2017-12-21.
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  572. ↑ "Telegrams Received for the MATSCIENCE Inauguration" (PDF).
  573. 1 2 "Interview (Donald Glaser)" (PDF).
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  575. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Debye, Peter J. W. (Peter Josef William), 1884-1966". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-31.
  576. 1 2 "Peter Debye - Session III". 2015-01-15. Retrieved 2018-01-31.
  577. 1 2 3 "Michael Rosbash | The Gruber Foundation". gruber.yale.edu. Retrieved 2018-02-04.
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  579. 1 2 3 4 "David Baltimore - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-17.
  580. 1 2 3 Langrill, John. "Phil Sharp's Lab - CV". web.mit.edu. Retrieved 2018-02-13.
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  582. 1 2 "Werner Arber - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-16.
  583. 1 2 3 4 "CV (Paul Krugman)" (PDF).
  584. 1 2 3 4 5 "CV (ROBERT F. ENGLE)" (PDF).
  585. 1 2 3 4 "John F. Nash Jr. - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-12.
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  587. ↑ "Stanford Nobel laureates". Stanford University. Retrieved 2016-01-13.
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  589. ↑ "Stanford Linear Accelerator Center". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-03-04.
  590. ↑ "Stanford Legal Facts | Office of the General Counsel". ogc.stanford.edu. 2012-08-09. Retrieved 2017-12-10.
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  592. ↑ "People - Wieman GroupWieman Group". wiemangroup.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2017-12-20.
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  599. 1 2 3 "Paul J. Flory - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-24.
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  604. 1 2 3 "Arthur Kornberg - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-23.
  605. 1 2 "Michael W. Young - Our Scientists". Our Scientists. Retrieved 2018-02-04.
  606. 1 2 3 "Paul C. Lauterbur - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-10.
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  618. 1 2 "Matthew Stanley Meselson (1930– ) | The Embryo Project Encyclopedia". embryo.asu.edu. Retrieved 2018-03-01.
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  620. 1 2 3 4 5 "Kip S. Thorne: Curriculum Vitae". www.its.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2017-12-15.
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  622. 1 2 "Anderson, Carl D. (Carl David), 1905-1991". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-07.
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  626. 1 2 "J. Hans D. Jensen berkeley 1952 - Google Search". www.google.com. Retrieved 2018-04-06.
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  628. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Einstein, Albert, 1879-1955". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-08.
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  633. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Linus Pauling - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-28.
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  635. 1 2 "Thomas Steitz | The Steitz Lab". steitzlab.yale.edu. Retrieved 2018-01-16.
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  642. 1 2 3 "Max Delbrück - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-21.
  643. 1 2 "Jeffrey C. Hall" (PDF).
  644. 1 2 "CV (Erwin Neher)".
  645. 1 2 3 "Niels K. Jerne - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-15.
  646. 1 2 3 "B McClintock CV". libfe.cshl.edu. Retrieved 2018-02-15.
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  648. 1 2 3 4 5 "Robert W. Holley - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-21.
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  653. 1 2 3 4 "Oxford - Nobel Laureates". Retrieved 2013-12-16.
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  655. ↑ "Visiting Fellowships at St Catherine's College, Oxford | www.stcatz.ox.ac.uk". www.stcatz.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 2018-01-29.
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  658. ↑ "S. Jonathan Singer elected to Newton-Abraham Visiting Professorship in Medical, Biological and Chemical Sciences at the University of Oxford" (PDF).
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  662. 1 2 "Eastman Professors at the University of Oxford". Retrieved 2014-03-25.
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  668. 1 2 3 4 "Sir Robert Robinson - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-30.
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  670. 1 2 3 "CV (Oliver Smithies)" (PDF).
  671. 1 2 "John R. Vane - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-15.
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  677. 1 2 3 "Severo Ochoa - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-23.
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  718. ↑ "Dr. Ragnar Frisch Dead at 77; Economist Won '69 Nobel Prize". The New York Times. 1973-02-01. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-01-02.
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  723. ↑ Joseph, Celucien. "Wole Soyinka: Chronology and Selected Bibliography" (PDF).
  724. ↑ Soyinka, Wole (2001). Conversations with Wole Soyinka. Univ. Press of Mississippi. ISBN 9781578063383.
  725. ↑ "Wangari Maathai - Curriculum Vitae". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-08.
  726. ↑ Freedman, Samuel G.; Times, Special to the New York (1982-10-13). "Elie Wiesel Teaches Lessons of Anguish". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-03-09.
  727. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Nobel Laureates Affiliated with Cornell University | Cornell Chronicle". news.cornell.edu. Retrieved 2017-10-10.
  728. ↑ "CCB Announces the 2017 Baker Symposium | Chemistry & Chemical Biology Cornell Arts & Sciences". chemistry.cornell.edu. Retrieved 2018-01-28.
  729. ↑ "Andrew D. White Professors-at-Large | Program for". adwhiteprofessors.cornell.edu. Retrieved 2017-10-22.
  730. 1 2 "CV (François Englert)" (PDF).
  731. 1 2 "CV (Robert C. Richardson)" (PDF).
  732. ↑ "Nobel Lecture (Russell A. Hulse)" (PDF).
  733. ↑ "Nobel Laureates Affiliated with Cornell University". Retrieved 2013-12-20.
  734. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Vincent du Vigneaud - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-28.
  735. 1 2 3 "Richard Ernst, Schweizer Nobelpreisträger, Nobelpreis Chemie". www.richard-r-ernst.ch (in German). Retrieved 2018-01-20.
  736. 1 2 "Manfred Eigen - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-26.
  737. 1 2 3 4 "Otto Hahn - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-30.
  738. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Keffer Hartline - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-22.
  739. 1 2 3 4 5 "Herbert S. Gasser - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-24.
  740. 1 2 "Robert F. Furchgott - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-11.
  741. ↑ "Pearl Buck - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-14.
  742. ↑ "John R. Mott - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-11.
  743. ↑ "Short History - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin". Retrieved 2013-12-21.
  744. 1 2 3 "Walther Bothe - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-04.
  745. 1 2 3 "Hertz, Gustav, 1887-". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-08.
  746. 1 2 3 "Max Planck - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-09.
  747. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Max von Laue - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-09.
  748. 1 2 3 "Wilhelm Wien - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-09.
  749. 1 2 "Braun, Ferdinand, 1850-1918". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-10.
  750. 1 2 3 "Philipp Lenard - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-10.
  751. 1 2 3 "Albert A. Michelson - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-10.
  752. 1 2 "Odd Hassel - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-25.
  753. ↑ "Kurt Alder - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-29.
  754. 1 2 "Otto Diels - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-29.
  755. 1 2 3 4 "Hans von Euler-Chelpin - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-01.
  756. 1 2 3 4 "Adolf Windaus - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-01.
  757. 1 2 3 4 5 "Heinrich Wieland - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-01.
  758. 1 2 3 4 5 "Walther Nernst - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-02.
  759. 1 2 3 "Otto Wallach - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-03.
  760. 1 2 3 4 "Adolf von Baeyer - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-03.
  761. 1 2 3 "Adolf Butenandt - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-31.
  762. 1 2 3 4 "Richard Willstätter - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-03.
  763. 1 2 3 "Emil Fischer - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-03.
  764. 1 2 "Jacobus H. van 't Hoff - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-03.
  765. 1 2 3 "Friedrich Bergius - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-01.
  766. 1 2 3 4 5 "Hans Fischer - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-01.
  767. ↑ schwarts. "Emil Fischer — Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin". www.hu-berlin.de. Retrieved 2018-02-01.
  768. 1 2 3 4 "Richard Zsigmondy - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-01.
  769. 1 2 "Fritz Pregl - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-02.
  770. 1 2 "Fritz Pregl: The work and personality of a nobel laureate". Microchemical Journal. 6 (1): 5–16. 1962-03-01. doi:10.1016/0026-265X(62)90124-8. ISSN 0026-265X.
  771. 1 2 3 "Theodore W. Richards" (PDF).
  772. 1 2 3 4 "Eduard Buchner - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-03.
  773. 1 2 "Bert Sakmann - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-13.
  774. ↑ "Werner Forssmann - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-23.
  775. ↑ Heiss, H. W.; Hurst, J. Willis (1992-07-01). "Werner forssmann: A german problem with the nobel prize". Clinical Cardiology. 15 (7): 547–549. doi:10.1002/clc.4960150715. ISSN 1932-8737.
  776. 1 2 3 "Walter Hess - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-24.
  777. ↑ Shampo, Marc A.; Kyle, Robert A.; Steensma, David P. (October 2011). "Walter Hess—Nobel Prize for Work on the Brain". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 86 (10): e49. doi:10.4065/mcp.2011.0560. PMC 3184029. PMID 22069789.
  778. 1 2 "Otto Warburg - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-28.
  779. 1 2 3 4 5 "Otto Meyerhof - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-28.
  780. ↑ "Kiel University | Famous Scholars from Kiel". www.uni-kiel.de. Retrieved 2018-02-28.
  781. 1 2 3 4 "Albrecht Kossel - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-28.
  782. 1 2 3 4 "Paul Ehrlich - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-28.
  783. 1 2 "Robert Koch - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-01.
  784. ↑ "Emil von Behring - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-01.
  785. ↑ "Gerhart Hauptmann - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-14.
  786. ↑ "Gustav Mahler (1860-1911) - Gerhart Hauptmann (1868-1946)". www.gustav-mahler.eu. Retrieved 2018-03-14.
  787. ↑ "Paul Heyse - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-14.
  788. 1 2 3 "Rudolf Eucken - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-14.
  789. 1 2 3 "Theodor Mommsen - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-14.
  790. ↑ "Gustav Stresemann - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-11.
  791. ↑ "Sir Austen Chamberlain - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-11.
  792. 1 2 3 "Auguste Beernaert - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-11.
  793. ↑ Hummel, Pascale, ed. (2013-05-03). Pour une histoire de l’École normale supérieure : Source d’archives 1794-1993. Histoire de l’ENS. Paris: Éditions Rue d’Ulm. pp. 183–186. ISBN 9782821829695.
  794. ↑ Leach, Henry Goddard (1940). Forum and Century. The Forum Publishing Co.
  795. ↑ "Léon Jouhaux - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-10.
  796. 1 2 "G. Mourou (Biography)" (PDF).
  797. 1 2 3 ARTIFICA. "Albert Fert, curriculum vitae - CNRS Web site - CNRS". www2.cnrs.fr (in French). Retrieved 2017-12-19.
  798. 1 2 3 4 "Louis Néel - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-03.
  799. 1 2 3 4 "Alfred Kastler - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-03.
  800. 1 2 "Broglie, Louis de, 1892-1987". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-07.
  801. 1 2 3 "Jean Baptiste Perrin - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-08.
  802. 1 2 3 4 "Gabriel Lippmann - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-10.
  803. 1 2 3 4 "Curie, Marie, 1867-1934". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-10.
  804. 1 2 "Curie, Pierre, 1859-1906". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-10.
  805. 1 2 3 "Frédéric Joliot - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-01.
  806. 1 2 "Irène Joliot-Curie - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-01.
  807. 1 2 "Henri Moissan - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-03.
  808. ↑ "CV (Françoise Barré-Sinoussi)" (PDF).
  809. ↑ "Luc Montagnier - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-06.
  810. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "CV (Bert Sakmann)" (PDF).
  811. ↑ Dicke, William (2009-06-22). "Jean Dausset, Nobel Laureate, Dies at 92". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-02-15.
  812. 1 2 "André Lwoff (1902 - 1994)".
  813. 1 2 "François Jacob - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-22.
  814. 1 2 "Charles Nicolle - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-28.
  815. 1 2 "Charles Richet - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-28.
  816. 1 2 "Maurice Allais - Curriculum Vitae". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-13.
  817. ↑ "Patrick Modiano - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-11.
  818. 1 2 "Jean-Paul Sartre - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-13.
  819. ↑ "Giorgos Seferis - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-13.
  820. 1 2 3 4 Lawlor, Leonard; Moulard Leonard, Valentine (2016). Zalta, Edward N., ed. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2016 ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University.
  821. 1 2 Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine ... Scribner & Company. 1913.
  822. ↑ "Romain Rolland - Oxford Reference". doi:10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100426895. Retrieved 2018-03-14.
  823. ↑ "Who is Romain Rolland? | Radical Reference". radicalreference.info. Retrieved 2018-03-14.
  824. 1 2 "René Cassin - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-10.
  825. ↑ Schweitzer, Albert (2009). Albert Schweitzer's Ethical Vision: A Sourcebook. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195377897.
  826. 1 2 "Ferdinand Buisson - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-11.
  827. ↑ "Léon Bourgeois - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-11.
  828. 1 2 "Louis Renault - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-11.
  829. 1 2 "Albert Gobat - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-11.
  830. 1 2 "Göttingen". Retrieved 2011-06-11.
  831. 1 2 "Göttingen and its Nobel Prize Laureates" (PDF).
  832. ↑ "About us: Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities (AdW)". adw-goe.de. Retrieved 2017-06-15.
  833. ↑ "Kroemer, Herbert, 1928-". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2017-12-21.
  834. 1 2 3 4 "Dehmelt, Hans". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2017-12-22.
  835. 1 2 3 "Gustav Hertz - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-08.
  836. 1 2 "Wolfgang Paul - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-22.
  837. 1 2 "Dirac biography". www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk. Retrieved 2018-01-07.
  838. 1 2 "Johannes Stark - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-09.
  839. 1 2 3 "Norman Haworth - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-31.
  840. 1 2 "Dudley R. Herschbach - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-11-08.
  841. ↑ "Delbruck, Max (1906-1981) 455". www.library.vanderbilt.edu. Retrieved 2018-02-21.
  842. 1 2 3 Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen -. "Neher, Erwin, Prof. Dr. - Membrane Biophysics (MPI-bpc)# - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen". www.uni-goettingen.de (in German). Retrieved 2018-02-13.
  843. ↑ "Ilya Mechnikov - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-28.
  844. 1 2 "Ludwig Quidde Stiftung". www.ludwig-quidde-stiftung.de. Retrieved 2018-03-11.
  845. ↑ "LMU - Nobel Prize". Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich. Archived from the original on 2013-12-24. Retrieved 2013-12-21.
  846. 1 2 3 4 "Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-10.
  847. 1 2 "Research Profile Prof. Hartmut Michel | Prof. Michel | | www.biophys.mpg.de". www.biophys.mpg.de (in German). Retrieved 2018-01-21.
  848. 1 2 3 4 "Hermann Staudinger - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-28.
  849. ↑ "Hermann Staudinger Foundation of Polymer Science - Landmark - American Chemical Society". American Chemical Society. Retrieved 2018-01-28.
  850. 1 2 3 4 5 "Richard Kuhn - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-31.
  851. 1 2 3 "Ernst Otto Fischer - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-24.
  852. 1 2 "A Guggenheim Fellow in Europe during the Golden Years of Physics (1926-1927) - Pauling Chronology - Ava Helen and Linus Pauling Papers - Special Collections & Archives Research Center, Oregon State University Libraries". scarc.library.oregonstate.edu. Retrieved 2018-01-28.
  853. 1 2 "Günter Blobel - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-11.
  854. 1 2 "Feodor Lynen - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-22.
  855. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Otto Loewi - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-26.
  856. 1 2 3 "Hans Spemann - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-26.
  857. ↑ "Hans Spemann (1869-1941) | The Embryo Project Encyclopedia". embryo.asu.edu. Retrieved 2018-07-31.
  858. 1 2 "Karl von Frisch - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
  859. 1 2 3 "H. Keffer Hartline - Our Scientists". Our Scientists. Retrieved 2018-02-22.
  860. 1 2 3 "Philip S. Hench - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-24.
  861. 1 2 "Philip S. Hench–1950 Nobel Laureate".
  862. 1 2 3 "TUM - Nobel Prize". portal.mytum.de. Retrieved 2016-11-15.
  863. ↑ Bloom, Harold (2009). Thomas Mann. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 9781438116327.
  864. ↑ Communication (2008-09-16). "Nobel laureates". introduction.ku.dk. Retrieved 2016-11-19.
  865. 1 2 "Andre Geim (The University of Manchester)". www.condmat.physics.manchester.ac.uk. Retrieved 2017-12-18.
  866. ↑ Uhl, Anette Møller (2013-02-07). "Nobel Laureate David Gross will be Visiting Professor at the Discovery Center for three months this spring". discoverycenter.nbi.ku.dk. Retrieved 2018-06-08.
  867. ↑ "Hans Bethe - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-03.
  868. ↑ "Lev Landau - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-04.
  869. ↑ Vettel, Eric J. (2008-10-15). Biotech: The Countercultural Origins of an Industry. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 081222051X.
  870. ↑ Hoffmann, Ilire Hasani, Robert. "Academy of Europe: CV". www.ae-info.org. Retrieved 2018-01-19.
  871. 1 2 3 4 5 "George de Hevesy - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-30.
  872. 1 2 Joensen, Ola Jakup (2010-06-02). "– Niels Bohr Institute - University of Copenhagen". www.nbi.ku.dk. Retrieved 2018-01-28.
  873. 1 2 3 4 5 "Henrik Dam - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-25.
  874. 1 2 "Johannes Fibiger - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-28.
  875. 1 2 "August Krogh - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-28.
  876. 1 2 "Niels Ryberg Finsen - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-01.
  877. 1 2 "MAX DELBRÜCK (1906-1981)" (PDF).
  878. ↑ "Johannes V. Jensen - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-14.
  879. ↑ "Karl Gjellerup". authorscalendar.info. Retrieved 2018-03-14.
  880. ↑ "Nobel Prize Winners". Retrieved 2017-11-01.
  881. 1 2 3 "Peter Agre - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-17.
  882. ↑ "ASBMB Presidents :: 1971 – Christian B. Anfinsen". www.asbmb.org. Retrieved 2018-01-25.
  883. ↑ "Dan Shechtman – Department of Materials Science and Engineering". materials.technion.ac.il. Retrieved 2018-01-15.
  884. 1 2 3 "Peyton Rous - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-22.
  885. 1 2 3 "Martin Rodbell - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-13.
  886. ↑ "Economics | Krieger School of Arts and Sciences | Johns Hopkins University". Krieger School of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  887. ↑ "Jody Williams - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-11.
  888. ↑ drone.tv. "Nicholas Murray Butler | The New School History Project". thenewschoolhistory.org. Retrieved 2018-03-11.
  889. ↑ "NYU's Sargent Wins 2011 Nobel Prize in Economics".
  890. ↑ "Nobel Laureate Soyinka at NYU for Events in October". New York University.
  891. ↑ "Avram Hershko". med.nyu.edu. Retrieved 2018-01-17.
  892. 1 2 3 4 "John O´Keefe - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-05.
  893. 1 2 "CV (Gertrude B. Elion)" (PDF).
  894. 1 2 "Julius Axelrod - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-21.
  895. ↑ "John Carew Eccles 1903-1997 | Australian Academy of Science". www.science.org.au. Retrieved 2018-02-22.
  896. ↑ "NYU Stern - A. Spence - William R. Berkley Professor in Economics & Business". www.stern.nyu.edu. Retrieved 2017-12-11.
  897. ↑ "Leontief, Wassily, 1906-1999. Wassily Leontief personal archive, 1928-2001: an inventory". oasis.lib.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  898. ↑ "Gunnar Myrdal - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  899. ↑ "Laureate - Paul Anthony Samuelson". www.mediatheque.lindau-nobel.org. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  900. ↑ Hoffmann, Ilire Hasani, Robert. "Academy of Europe: Sennett Richard". www.ae-info.org. Retrieved 2018-03-13.
  901. 1 2 "Mohamed ElBaradei - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-08.
  902. ↑ "Elihu Root - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-11.
  903. ↑ "Rockefeller University". Retrieved 2011-06-11.
  904. 1 2 "Bruce Merrifield - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-22.
  905. ↑ "CV (Daniel Nathans)" (PDF).
  906. 1 2 "Paul Nurse - Our Scientists". Our Scientists. Retrieved 2018-02-11.
  907. 1 2 3 "Günter Blobel - Curriculum Vitae". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-11.
  908. ↑ "Albert Claude - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-17.
  909. ↑ "Christian de Duve - Our Scientists". Our Scientists. Retrieved 2018-02-17.
  910. 1 2 3 4 "Karl Landsteiner - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-28.
  911. ↑ "CV (Yoshinori Ohsumi)" (PDF).
  912. ↑ "Ralph M. Steinman - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-05.
  913. 1 2 "UPenn". Retrieved 2011-06-11.
  914. ↑ "Timeline of Diversity at Penn, 1916-1966, University of Pennsylvania University Archives". www.archives.upenn.edu. Retrieved 2016-11-14.
  915. ↑ "Ei-ichi Negishi - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-16.
  916. ↑ "Hideki Shirakawa - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-18.
  917. ↑ "RECOMMENDATIONS For ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS AND PROMOTIONS (UPenn)" (PDF).
  918. 1 2 3 "CV (Harald zur Hausen)" (PDF).
  919. ↑ "Medicine and Health | The Philanthropy Roundtable". Retrieved 2018-02-24.
  920. ↑ "Otto Meyerhof (1884—1951)" (PDF).
  921. 1 2 3 "Nobel prize winners". www.ucl.ac.uk. Retrieved 2018-02-21.
  922. ↑ "Background | The Francis Crick Institute". The Francis Crick Institute. Retrieved 2017-10-16.
  923. 1 2 3 "CV (Peter Higgs)" (PDF).
  924. ↑ "Jaroslav Heyrovsky - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-26.
  925. ↑ "Sir William Ramsay - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-03.
  926. ↑ "Iris View Profile". iris.ucl.ac.uk. Retrieved 2018-02-05.
  927. ↑ "Paul Nurse | The Francis Crick Institute". The Francis Crick Institute. Retrieved 2017-10-16.
  928. ↑ "Sir James W. Black - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-13.
  929. 1 2 "Sir Bernard Katz - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-20.
  930. 1 2 "CV (Edvard Moser)" (PDF).
  931. 1 2 "CV (May-Britt Moser)" (PDF).
  932. ↑ "May-Britt Moser - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-05.
  933. 1 2 "Ulf von Euler - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-20.
  934. ↑ "Herbert Spencer Gasser (1888—1963)" (PDF).
  935. 1 2 3 4 "Corneille Heymans - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-26.
  936. ↑ "Trygve Haavelmo - Department of Economics". www.sv.uio.no. Retrieved 2017-12-13.
  937. ↑ "Rabindranath Tagore | Making Britain". www.open.ac.uk. Retrieved 2018-03-14.
  938. ↑ "Nobel Prize laureates". www.ethz.ch. Retrieved 2016-11-08.
  939. ↑ "J. Georg Bednorz - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-27.
  940. 1 2 "K. Alex Müller - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-27.
  941. ↑ "Heinrich Rohrer - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-27.
  942. ↑ "Guillaume, Ch.-Ed. (Charles-Edouard), 1861-". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-09.
  943. ↑ "Gustaf Dalén - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-09.
  944. 1 2 3 "Stern, Otto, 1888-1969". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-05.
  945. 1 2 3 4 "Alfred Werner - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-03.
  946. ↑ "Vladimir Prelog - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-24.
  947. ↑ "Leopold Ruzicka - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-31.
  948. 1 2 3 "Richard F. Heck - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-16.
  949. ↑ "Artturi Virtanen - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-30.
  950. 1 2 "Tadeus Reichstein - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-24.
  951. ↑ "Nobels & Pulitzers | About | University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign". illinois.edu. Retrieved 2016-11-14.
  952. ↑ "Physics Illinois: Nobel laureates". University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  953. 1 2 "Kilby, Jack S. (Jack St. Clair), 1923-2005". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2017-12-21.
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  955. ↑ "Vincent du Vigneaud" (PDF).
  956. 1 2 3 "Edwin G. Krebs - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-13.
  957. 1 2 3 "Hamilton O. Smith - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-16.
  958. 1 2 "Rosalyn Sussman Yalow (1921-2011)". www.aps.org. Retrieved 2018-02-16.
  959. ↑ "Sir Peter Mansfield - Curriculum Vitae". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-10.
  960. 1 2 Otto, Angela M. (2016-03-08). "Warburg effect(s)—a biographical sketch of Otto Warburg and his impacts on tumor metabolism". Cancer & Metabolism. 4. doi:10.1186/s40170-016-0145-92. PMC 4784299. PMID 26962452.
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  963. ↑ "Boyer, Paul D. | UCLA Chemistry and Biochemistry". www.chemistry.ucla.edu. Retrieved 2018-01-19.
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  965. ↑ "Bob Dylan's North Country". courses.music.indiana.edu. Retrieved 2018-03-11.
  966. ↑ "UCSD Faculty Winners of the Nobel Prize". academicaffairs.ucsd.edu. Retrieved 2016-11-15.
  967. ↑ "Alfvén, Hannes, 1908-1995". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-03.
  968. ↑ L'Annunziata, Michael F. (2016-05-13). Radioactivity: Introduction and History, From the Quantum to Quarks. Elsevier. ISBN 9780444634962.
  969. ↑ "Renato Dulbecco, Nobel Laureate and pioneering cancer researcher, dies at 97 - Salk Institute for Biological Studies". Salk Institute for Biological Studies. Retrieved 2016-11-15.
  970. ↑ Mestel, Rosie. "Co-discoverer of DNA's double helix dies". chicagotribune.com. Retrieved 2018-09-20.
  971. ↑ "Nobel Lauriates". University of California.
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  973. 1 2 3 "Robert F. Furchgott - Curriculum Vitae". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-11.
  974. 1 2 "Rolf M. Zinkernagel - Curriculum Vitae". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-12.
  975. ↑ "Clive W.J. Granger - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-11.
  976. 1 2 "Nobel Laureates Affiliated with Heidelberg University". Retrieved 2016-11-07.
  977. ↑ "Nobelpreisträger - Universität Heidelberg". 2008-12-25. Retrieved 2018-05-23.
  978. 1 2 "Max Born - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-04.
  979. ↑ "James Franck - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-08.
  980. ↑ "Heike Kamerlingh Onnes - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-09.
  981. ↑ "Hans G. Dehmelt - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-22.
  982. 1 2 "Georg Wittig - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-23.
  983. ↑ Kaminsky, Walter (2013-12-19). Polyolefins: 50 years after Ziegler and Natta I: Polyethylene and Polypropylene. Springer. ISBN 9783642408083.
  984. 1 2 "Carl Bosch - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-01.
  985. 1 2 "Carl Spitteler - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-14.
  986. ↑ "Our Nobel Prize winners". Retrieved 2015-03-24.
  987. ↑ "CV (Konstantin S. Novoselov)" (PDF).
  988. ↑ "John Polanyi Official Website". sites.utoronto.ca. Retrieved 2018-01-22.
  989. 1 2 "Arthur Harden - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-01.
  990. ↑ Hoffmann, Ilire Hasani, Robert. "Academy of Europe: Sulston John". www.ae-info.org. Retrieved 2018-02-10.
  991. 1 2 3 "Stanley Cohen - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-14.
  992. ↑ "Marshall W. Nirenberg - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-22.
  993. ↑ "Lives of the Laureates, Seven Nobel Economists" (PDF).
  994. 1 2 3 Brodsky, Joseph (2002). Joseph Brodsky: Conversations. Univ. Press of Mississippi. ISBN 9781578065288.
  995. ↑ "UW Madison nobel prize awardees". Retrieved 2016-09-14.
  996. ↑ "Peter Debye - Session II". 2015-01-15. Retrieved 2018-01-31.
  997. ↑ "The Seven Nobel Laureates of UCLA". alumni.ucla.edu. Retrieved 2018-09-15.
  998. ↑ "Awards & Honors | UCLA". www.ucla.edu. Retrieved 2018-09-15.
  999. ↑ "Professor Bruce Merrifield". The Independent. 2006-07-31. Retrieved 2018-01-22.
  1000. 1 2 3 4 "CV (J. Fraser Stoddart)" (PDF).
  1001. ↑ "CV (Elinor Ostrom)" (PDF).
  1002. ↑ "Al Gore Teaching at UCLA / UCLA Spotlight". www.spotlight.ucla.edu. Archived from the original on 2008-01-11. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
  1003. 1 2 "Nobel Prize Winners | Washington University in St. Louis". Washington University in St. Louis. Retrieved 2018-02-16.
  1004. 1 2 3 "Earl W. Sutherland, Jr. - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-19.
  1005. ↑ "Biography: Rita Levi-Montalcini". beckerexhibits.wustl.edu. Retrieved 2018-02-14.
  1006. ↑ "Alfred D. Hershey - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-21.
  1007. 1 2 "Arthur Kornberg - Curriculum Vitae". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-23.
  1008. ↑ "Carl Cori - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-24.
  1009. ↑ "Gerty Cori - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-24.
  1010. ↑ "Christian de Duve - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-17.
  1011. ↑ "University of Zurich". Retrieved 2010-12-02.
  1012. 1 2 3 "Paul Karrer - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-31.
  1013. 1 2 3 "CV (Jean-Pierre Sauvage)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-10-05.
  1014. ↑ "Leopold Ruzicka
    Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939"    . www.uzh.ch. Retrieved 2018-01-31.
  1015. ↑ "Biography of Theodor Kocher".
  1016. ↑ "Emil Theodor Kocher (1841-1917). - The James Lind Library". The James Lind Library. Retrieved 2018-02-28.
  1017. ↑ "Nobel Laureates – The City University of New York". www2.cuny.edu. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
  1018. ↑ Hoffmann, Ilire Hasani, Robert. "Academy of Europe: Montagnier Luc". www.ae-info.org. Retrieved 2018-02-06.
  1019. ↑ "Rosalyn Yalow - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-16.
  1020. ↑ "Paul Krugman". www.gc.cuny.edu. Retrieved 2017-12-06.
  1021. ↑ "NYTimes". www.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2018-03-10.
  1022. ↑ "Professor Elie Wiesel » ISGAP". isgap.org. Retrieved 2018-03-09.
  1023. ↑ "Georges Charpak - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-22.
  1024. 1 2 "Paul Sabatier - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-03.
  1025. ↑ "Roger Guillemin Biography (1924-)". www.faqs.org. Retrieved 2018-02-16.
  1026. ↑ "Roger Guillemin (Interview)".
  1027. ↑ "Overview: Nobel Prize — Universität Freiburg". www.uni-freiburg.de. Retrieved 2016-11-15.
  1028. ↑ "Georges J.F. Köhler - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-15.
  1029. 1 2 "Curriculum Vitae of Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-13.
  1030. 1 2 3 4 "Robert Bárány - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-28.
  1031. ↑ "CMU". Retrieved 2017-06-15.
  1032. ↑ "CV (John Hall)" (PDF).
  1033. ↑ "Education | Finn Kydland". www.finnkydland.com. Retrieved 2017-12-10.
  1034. ↑ "Distinctions - École normale supérieure - Paris". www.ens.fr. Archived from the original on 18 November 2016. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
  1035. ↑ "Richard E. Taylor - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-22.
  1036. ↑ "Obituary for Walter Kohn (1923–2016)" (PDF).
  1037. ↑ "Samuel Beckett - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-13.
  1038. 1 2 "Goethe-Universität — Awards and Prizes". www.goethe-university-frankfurt.de. Retrieved 2016-11-15.
  1039. ↑ Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences. Academic Press. 2014-04-29. ISBN 9780123851581.
  1040. 1 2 3 4 "LSE Nobel Prize winners". LSE History. 2015-10-29. Retrieved 2016-11-15.
  1041. ↑ Science, London School of Economics and Political. "Paul Krugman". London School of Economics and Political Science. Retrieved 2017-12-06.
  1042. ↑ Editor, LSE Web. "LSE alumnus Colombian president Juan Manuel Santos wins 2016 Nobel peace prize - 2016 - Around LSE archives - Around LSE - News and media - Website archive - Home". www.lse.ac.uk. Retrieved 2018-03-07.
  1043. ↑ Sanchez, Oscar. "THE QUEST FOR A NEW WORLD LEADERSHIP" (PDF). Wilson Center.
  1044. ↑ "Arthur Compton" (PDF).
  1045. ↑ "Jeff Hall | Brandeis University". www.brandeis.edu. Retrieved 2018-02-04.
  1046. ↑ "Edmond H. Fischer - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-13.
  1047. ↑ kniefacz, katharina (2014-11-22). "Nobelpreis und Universität Wien". 650 plus (in German). Retrieved 2016-11-18.
  1048. 1 2 "Schrodinger biography". www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk. Retrieved 2018-01-07.
  1049. ↑ "Hess, Victor Francis, 1883-1964". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-06.
  1050. ↑ "Julius Wagner-Jauregg - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-28.
  1051. ↑ "Allvar Gullstrand - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-28.
  1052. ↑ "1911 — An Ophthalmologist Won the Nobel Price: Allvar Gullstrand, Surgeon, Mathematician and Creative Inventor".
  1053. ↑ "Elfriede Jelinek". Poetry Foundation. Poetry Foundation. 2018-03-10. Retrieved 2018-03-11.
  1054. ↑ "Elias Canetti - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-13.
  1055. ↑ "Ivo Andric - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-13.
  1056. 1 2 "Nobel winners | Imperial College London". www.imperial.ac.uk. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
  1057. ↑ "Gabor, Dennis, 1900-1979". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-02.
  1058. ↑ "George, Baron Porter of Luddenham (1920-2002)". Retrieved 2018-01-26.
  1059. ↑ Thompson, Harold (1973). "Cyril Norman Hinshelwood. 1897-1967". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 19: 375–431. JSTOR 769568.
  1060. 1 2 "Sir Alexander Fleming - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-24.
  1061. ↑ "Sir Frederick Hopkins - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-28.
  1062. ↑ "Franco Modigliani | Speakers | Landon Lecture Series | Kansas State University". www.k-state.edu. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  1063. 1 2 3 "Nobel Prizes | The University of Edinburgh". www.ed.ac.uk. Retrieved 2016-11-15.
  1064. ↑ "Igor Tamm". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 2018-01-04.
  1065. ↑ "Peter C. Doherty - Curriculum Vitae". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-12.
  1066. ↑ "Pieter Zeeman - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-10.
  1067. ↑ "Hans A. S. von Euler-Chelpin". Journal of Chemical Education. 15 (12). doi:10.1021/ed015p551.
  1068. 1 2 "CV (Jules A. HOFFMANN)" (PDF).
  1069. ↑ "Alphonse Laveran - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-01.
  1070. ↑ "Albert Schweitzer - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-10.
  1071. ↑ "Case Western Reserve University Nobel Laureates". www.case.edu. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
  1072. ↑ "George A. Olah - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-20.
  1073. ↑ "In memoriam: Nobel laureate George Olah, 89". Retrieved 2018-01-20.
  1074. ↑ "Paul C. Lauterbur - Curriculum Vitae". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-10.
  1075. 1 2 "John Macleod - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-28.
  1076. ↑ "Isamu Akasaki - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-16.
  1077. 1 2 "Sin-Itiro Tomonaga - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-07-31.
  1078. ↑ "Toshihide Maskawa". KYOTO UNIVERSITY. Retrieved 2017-12-19.
  1079. ↑ "Makoto Kobayashi - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-19.
  1080. 1 2 "Kenichi Fukui - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-22.
  1081. ↑ "THE PATH TO CONDUCTIVE POLYACETYLENE" (PDF).
  1082. 1 2 "Tasuku Honjo CV & Selected Publications". www2.mfour.med.kyoto-u.ac.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved 2018-10-01.
  1083. ↑ "Yoshinori Ohsumi (Nobel Biography)".
  1084. ↑ "Curriculum Vitae | Shinya Yamanaka (Professor) | Principal Investigators | Research Activities | CiRA | Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University". www.cira.kyoto-u.ac.jp. Retrieved 2018-02-05.
  1085. ↑ "Ernst Ruska - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-27.
  1086. ↑ "CV (Johann Deisenhofer)" (PDF).
  1087. 1 2 "Curriculum Vitae". www.biochem.mpg.de. Retrieved 2018-01-21.
  1088. ↑ Coley, Noel G. (2005). Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. doi:10.1002/9780471743989.vse9845/pdf. ISBN 9780471743989.
  1089. ↑ Abrams, Irwin (2001). The Nobel Peace Prize and the Laureates: An Illustrated Biographical History, 1901-2001. Science History Publications/USA. ISBN 9780881353884.
  1090. ↑ "Nathan Söderblom - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-11.
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